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it ended; as a rule; in their both getting drunk and spending 

all their money。  Probably Kuvalda arranged the matter

intentionally so that the teacher could not leave the

dosshouse; though he desired to do so with all his heart。  Was 

it possible for Aristid Kuvalda; a nobleman (as was evident 

from his speeches); one who was accustomed to think; though 

the turn of fate may have changed his position; was it possible 

for him not to desire to have close to him a man like himself? 

We can pity our own faults in others。





22  CREATURES THAT ONCE WERE MEN





This teacher had once taught at an institution in one of the 

towns on the Volga; but in consequence of some story was 

dismissed。  After this he was a clerk in a tannery; but again 

had to leave。  Then he became a librarian in some private 

library; subsequently following other professions。  Finally; 

after passing examinations in law he became a lawyer; but 

drink reduced him to the Captain's dosshouse。  He was tall; 

round…shouldered; with a long; sharp nose and bald head。  In 

his bony and yellow face; on which grew a wedge…shaped beard;

shone large; restless eyes; deeply sunk in their sockets; and 

the corners of his mouth drooped sadly down。  He earned his 

bread; or rather his drink; by reporting for the local papers。 

He sometimes earned as much as fifteen roubles。  These he gave 

to the Captain and said:



〃It is enough。 I am going back into the bosom of culture。 

Another week's hard work and I shall dress respectably; and 

then Addio; mio caro!〃



〃Very exemplary!  As I heartily sympathize with your decision; 

Philip; I shall not give you another glass all this week;〃 the 

Captain warned him sternly。



〃I shall be thankful! 。 。 。 You will not give me one drop?〃



The Captain beard in his voice a beseeching note to which he 

turned a deaf ear。



〃Even though you roar; I shall not give it you!〃



〃As you like; then;〃 sighed the teacher; and went away to 

continue his reporting。 





23  CREATURES THAT ONCE WERE MEN  





But after a day or two he would return tired and thirsty; and 

would look at the Captain with a beseeching glance out of the 

corners of his eyes; hoping that his friend's heart would 

soften。



The Captain in such cases put on a serious face and began 

speaking with killing irony on the theme of weakness of 

character; of the animal delight of intoxication; and on such

subjects as suited the occasion。  One must do him justice:  he 

was captivated by his role of mentor and moralist; but the 

lodgers dogged him; and; listening sceptically to his 

exhortations to repentance; would whisper aside to each other:



〃Cunning; skilful; shifty rogue!  I told you so; but you would 

not listen。  It's your own fault!〃



〃His honor is really a good soldier。  He goes first and examines 

the road behind him!〃



The teacher then hunted here and there till he found his friend 

again in some corner; and grasping his dirty coat; trembling 

and licking his dry lips; looked into his face with a deep; 

tragic glance; without articulate words。



〃Can't you?〃 asked the Captain sullenly。



The teacher answered by bowing his head and letting it fall on 

his breast; his tall; thin body trembling the while。



〃Wait another day 。 。 。 perhaps you will be all right then;〃 

proposed Kuvalda。  The teacher sighed; and shook his head 

hopelessly。



The Captain saw that his friend's thin body trembled with the 

thirst for the poison; and took some money from his pocket。



〃In the majority of cases it is impossible to fight against 

fate;〃 said he; as if trying to justify himself before someone。 





24  CREATURES THAT ONCE WERE MEN





But if the teacher controlled himself for a whole week; then 

there was a touching farewell scene between the two friends; 

which ended as a rule in the eating…house of Vaviloff。  The 

teacher did not spend all his money; but spent at least half 

on the children of the main street。  The poor are always rich 

in children; and in the dirt and ditches of this street there

were groups of them from morning to night; hungry; naked and 

dirty。  Children are the living flowers of the earth; but 

these had the appearance of flowers that have faded 

prematurely; because they grew in ground where there was no 

healthy nourishment。  Often the teacher would gather them round 

him; would buy them bread; eggs; apples and nuts; and take 

them into the fields by the river side。  There they would sit 

and greedily eat everything he offered them; after which they 

would begin to play; filling the fields for a mile around with

careless noise and laughter。  The tall; thin figure of the

drunkard towered above these small people; who treated him 

familiarly; as if he were one of their own age。  They called 

him 〃Philip;〃 and did not trouble to prefix 〃Uncle〃 to his 

name。  Playing around him; like little wild animals; they 

pushed him; jumped upon his back; beat him upon his bald head; 

and caught hold of his nose。  All this must have pleased him; 

as he did not protest against such liberties。  He spoke very 

little to them; and when he did so he did it cautiously as if

afraid that his words would hurt or contaminate them。  He 

passed many hours thus as their companion and plaything; 

watching their lively faces with his gloomy eyes。 





25  CREATURES THAT ONCE WERE MEN





Then he would thoughtfully and slowly direct his steps to the 

eating…house of Vaviloff; where he would drink silently and 

quickly till all his senses left him。



*       *       *       *       *       *       *       *       *       *         



Almost every day after his reporting he would bring a 

newspaper; and then gather round him all these creatures that 

once were men。  On seeing him; they would come forward from 

all corners of the court…yard; drunk; or suffering from drunken 

headache; dishevelled; tattered; miserable; and pitiable。  Then 

would come the barrel…like; stout Aleksei Maksimoviteh 

Simtsoff; formerly Inspector of Woods and Forests; under the 

Department of Appendages; but now trading in matches; ink; 

blacking; and lemons。  He was an old man of sixty; in a canvas 

overcoat and a wide…brimmed hat; the greasy borders of which 

hid his stout; fat; red face。  He had a thick white beard; out 

of which a small red nose turned gaily heavenward。  He had 

thick; crimson lips and watery; cynical eyes。  They called him 

〃Kubar; a name which well described his round figure an 

buzzing speech。  After him; Kanets appeared from some

cornera dark; sad…looking; silent drunkard:  then the former 

governor of the prison; Luka Antonovitch Martyanoff; a man who 

existed on 〃remeshok;〃 〃trilistika〃 and 〃bankovka;〃 * and many 

such cunning games; not much appreciated by the police。 



Note by translator。Well…known games or chance; played by the 

lower classes。 The police specially endeavor to stop them; 

but unsuccessfully。





26 CREATURES THAT ONCE WERE MEN





He would throw his hard and oft…scourged body on the grass 

beside the teacher; and; turning his eyes round and scratching 

his head; would ask in a hoarse; bass voice; 〃May I?〃



Then appeared Pavel Solntseff; a man of thirty years of age; 

suffering from consumption。  The ribs of his left side had 

been broken in a quarrel; and the sharp; yellow face; 

like that of a fox; always wore a malicious smile。  The thin 

lips; when opened; exposed two rows of decayed black teeth; 

and the rags on his shoulders swayed backward and forward as 

if they were hung on a clothes pole。  They called him 

〃Abyedok。〃  He hawked brushes and bath brooms of his own 

manufacture; good; strong brushes made from a peculiar kind 

of grass。



Then followed a lean and bony man of whom no one knew anything; 

with a frightened expression in his eyes; the left one of 

which had a squint。  He was silent and timid; and had been 

imprisoned three times for theft by the High Court of Justice 

and the Magisterial Courts。  His family name was Kiselnikoff; 

but they called him Paltara Taras; because he was a head and 

shoulders taller than his friend; Deacon Taras; who had been 

degraded from his office for drunkenness and immorality。  The 

Deacon was a short; thick…set person; with the chest of an 

athlete and a round; strong head。  He danced skilfully; and 

was still more skilful at swearing。  He and Paltara Taras 

worked in the wood on the banks of the river; and in free 

hours he told his friend or any one who would listen; 〃Tales 

of my own composition;〃 as he used to say。  On hearing these 

stories; the heroes of which always seemed to be saints; kings; 

priests; or generals; even the inmates of the dosshouse spat 

and rubbed their eyes in astonishment at the imagination of the

Deacon; who told them shameless tales of lewd; fantastic

adventures; with bl

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