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Our¡¡own¡¡material¡¡is£»¡¡in¡¡part£»¡¡too¡¡recently¡¡studied¡¡to¡¡form¡¡anything¡¡like¡¡a¡¡generalization¡¡concerning¡¡prognosis¡£¡¡¡¡Many¡¡years¡¡have¡¡to¡¡elapse¡¡before¡¡one¡¡can¡¡be¡¡sure¡¡there¡¡is¡¡not¡¡going¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡recurrence¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡one¡¡is¡¡not¡¡altogether¡¡certain¡¡that¡¡prognostic¡¡generalizations¡¡are¡¡of¡¡practical¡¡worth¡¡for¡¡this¡¡group¡¡of¡¡mentally¡¡normal¡¡pathological¡¡liars¡£¡¡¡¡So¡¡many¡¡incidental¡¡factors¡¡of¡¡physical£»¡¡mental£»¡¡and¡¡social¡¡life£»¡¡with¡¡all¡¡of¡¡the¡¡complicated¡¡background¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same£»¡¡come¡¡in¡¡to¡¡make¡¡the¡¡total¡¡result£»¡¡that¡¡experiment¡¡and¡¡trial¡¡with¡¡the¡¡individual¡¡case£»¡¡while¡¡hesitating¡¡to¡¡give¡¡an¡¡exact¡¡prognosis£»¡¡is¡¡perhaps¡¡the¡¡only¡¡sane¡¡procedure¡£¡¡¡¡What¡¡we¡¡do¡¡know¡¡definitely¡¡is¡¡the¡¡immensely¡¡favorable¡¡outcome¡¡in¡¡Cases¡¡1£»¡¡4£»¡¡7£»¡¡19£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡promising¡¡betterment¡¡in¡¡several¡¡other¡¡instancesall¡¡in¡¡direct¡¡contradiction¡¡to¡¡what¡¡we¡¡had¡¡expected¡¡from¡¡survey¡¡of¡¡previous¡¡literature¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡several¡¡of¡¡these¡¡cases¡¡the¡¡years¡¡have¡¡gone¡¡by¡¡with¡¡nothing¡¡but¡¡steady¡¡improvement¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡difficulty¡¡in¡¡getting¡¡adequate¡¡treatment£»¡¡either¡¡in¡¡home¡¡life¡¡or¡¡by¡¡the¡¡necessary¡¡individual¡¡attention¡¡elsewhere£»¡¡makes¡¡it¡¡impossible¡¡to¡¡say¡¡that¡¡many¡¡of¡¡the¡¡others¡¡also¡¡could¡¡not¡¡have¡¡been¡¡favorably¡¡influenced¡£¡¡¡¡Frequently¡¡a¡¡total¡¡alteration¡¡of¡¡environmental¡¡conditions¡¡is¡¡necessary£»¡¡and¡¡this£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡is¡¡often¡¡very¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡obtain¡£¡¡¡¡Also¡¡it¡¡is¡¡extremely¡¡rare¡¡that¡¡one¡¡can¡¡get¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡matter£»¡¡and¡¡its¡¡sure¡¡social¡¡consequences£»¡¡fairly¡¡and¡¡squarely¡¡met¡¡by¡¡anybody¡¡with¡¡influence¡¡over¡¡the¡¡individual¡£¡¡¡¡Until¡¡this¡¡can¡¡be¡¡done£»¡¡little¡¡in¡¡the¡¡way¡¡of¡¡good¡¡results¡¡may¡¡ever¡¡be¡¡expected¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡splendid¡¡attack¡¡made¡¡by¡¡relatives¡¡or¡¡others¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡situation¡¡in¡¡Cases¡¡1£»¡¡4£»¡¡7£»¡¡possibly¡¡14£»¡¡and¡¡19¡¡tells¡¡the¡¡story¡¡of¡¡the¡¡prime¡¡necessity¡¡for¡¡adequate¡¡handling¡¡of¡¡pathological¡¡lying¡£
Specific¡¡treatment¡¡of¡¡physical¡¡conditions¡¡should¡¡always¡¡be¡¡undertaken¡¡when¡¡necessary¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡should¡¡go¡¡without¡¡saying¡¡that¡¡any¡¡individual¡¡who¡¡is¡¡open¡¡to¡¡the¡¡temptations¡¡of¡¡inner¡¡stress¡¡should¡¡be¡¡strengthened¡¡at¡¡all¡¡points¡¡possible¡¡and¡¡relieved¡¡from¡¡all¡¡sources¡¡of¡¡irritation¡£¡¡¡¡But£»¡¡lest¡¡anyone¡¡should¡¡become¡¡too¡¡much¡¡persuaded¡¡of¡¡the¡¡efficacy¡¡of¡¡surgical¡¡or¡¡other¡¡treatment£»¡¡it¡¡should¡¡be¡¡remembered¡¡that¡¡the¡¡psychical¡¡reactions£»¡¡even¡¡where¡¡there¡¡is¡¡physical¡¡irritation£»¡¡involve¡¡the¡¡definite¡¡wearing¡¡of¡¡neural¡¡paths£»¡¡with¡¡habit¡¡formations£»¡¡which¡¡bodily¡¡treatment¡¡can¡¡only¡¡slightly¡¡alter¡£¡¡¡¡An¡¡enticing¡¡problem¡¡to¡¡the¡¡gynecologist¡¡is¡¡always¡¡the¡¡relationship¡¡of¡¡pelvic£»¡¡particularly¡¡sexual¡¡irritations£»¡¡to¡¡conduct¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡cannot¡¡confirm¡¡the¡¡idea¡¡of¡¡a¡¡prime¡¡causal¡¡connection¡¡in¡¡this¡¡particular£»¡¡although¡¡we¡¡have¡¡evidence¡¡that¡¡betterment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡physical¡¡ailment¡¡may¡¡lead¡¡to¡¡less¡¡inclination¡¡towards¡¡the¡¡unfortunate¡¡behavior¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡Case¡¡1¡¡the¡¡lying¡¡came¡¡long¡¡before¡¡pelvic¡¡disease¡¡was¡¡acquired£»¡¡but¡¡very¡¡likely¡¡the¡¡irritation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡led¡¡to¡¡an¡¡accentuation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡psychical¡¡phenomena¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡Case¡¡6¡¡the¡¡typical¡¡conduct¡¡was¡¡persisted¡¡in¡¡after¡¡remedy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡pelvic¡¡disorder£»¡¡so¡¡also¡¡in¡¡Case¡¡3¡¡after¡¡relief¡¡of¡¡abdominal¡¡conditions£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡Case¡¡21¡¡after¡¡cessation¡¡of¡¡pregnancy¡£¡¡¡¡Other¡¡points¡¡bearing¡¡upon¡¡this¡¡may¡¡be¡¡read¡¡in¡¡our¡¡case¡¡histories¡£¡¡¡¡On¡¡the¡¡general¡¡problem¡¡of¡¡the¡¡possibility¡¡of¡¡physical¡¡treatment¡¡it¡¡will¡¡be¡¡noted¡¡that¡¡a¡¡considerable¡¡share¡¡of¡¡all¡¡our¡¡cases¡¡were¡¡in¡¡good¡¡general¡¡condition¡£
In¡¡discussing¡¡treatment¡¡great¡¡emphasis¡¡should¡¡be¡¡placed¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡primary¡¡necessity¡¡for¡¡directly¡¡meeting¡¡the¡¡pathological¡¡liar¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡level¡¡of¡¡the¡¡moral¡¡failures¡¡and¡¡making¡¡it¡¡plain¡¡that¡¡these¡¡are¡¡known¡¡and¡¡understood¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡very¡¡certain¡¡that¡¡frequently¡¡this¡¡type¡¡of¡¡prevaricator¡¡has¡¡very¡¡little¡¡conception¡¡of¡¡the¡¡social¡¡antagonism¡¡which¡¡his¡¡habit¡¡arouses¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡is¡¡faulty¡¡apperception¡¡of¡¡how¡¡others¡¡feel¡¡towards¡¡the¡¡lying£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡what¡¡depths¡¡the¡¡practice¡¡of¡¡this¡¡habit¡¡leads¡£¡¡¡¡Appreciation¡¡of¡¡these¡¡facts¡¡may¡¡be¡¡the¡¡first¡¡step¡¡towards¡¡betterment¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡several¡¡of¡¡the¡¡improved¡¡cases¡¡we¡¡have¡¡mentioned¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡largely¡¡the¡¡acquirement¡¡of¡¡social¡¡foresight¡¡which¡¡made¡¡the¡¡first¡¡step¡¡in¡¡a¡¡moral¡¡advance¡¡which¡¡finally¡¡won¡¡the¡¡day¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡this¡¡whole¡¡matter¡¡the¡¡first¡¡ethical¡¡instruction¡¡may¡¡well¡¡be¡¡based¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡idea¡¡of¡¡self¡preservationafter¡¡all¡¡the¡¡backbone¡¡of¡¡much¡¡of¡¡our¡¡morals¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡it¡¡comes¡¡to¡¡specific¡¡details¡¡of¡¡treatment¡¡these¡¡must¡¡be¡¡educational£»¡¡alterative£»¡¡and¡¡constructive¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡Cases¡¡1¡¡and¡¡3¡¡under¡¡treatment¡¡we¡¡know¡¡that¡¡when¡¡the¡¡lying¡¡was¡¡discovered¡¡or¡¡suspected¡¡the¡¡individual¡¡was¡¡at¡¡once¡¡checked¡¡up¡¡and¡¡made¡¡to¡¡go¡¡over¡¡the¡¡ground¡¡and¡¡state¡¡the¡¡real¡¡facts¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡pathological¡¡liar¡¡ordinarily¡¡reacts¡¡to¡¡the¡¡accusation¡¡of¡¡lying¡¡by¡¡prevaricating¡¡again¡¡in¡¡self¡defense£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡with¡¡the¡¡therapeutist¡¡there¡¡has¡¡been¡¡the¡¡understanding¡¡that¡¡the¡¡tendency¡¡to¡¡lying¡¡is¡¡a¡¡habit¡¡which¡¡it¡¡is¡¡necessary¡¡to¡¡break£»¡¡the¡¡barricade¡¡of¡¡self¡¡¡defense¡¡may¡¡not¡¡be¡¡thrown¡¡up¡£¡¡¡¡An¡¡alterative¡¡measure¡¡of¡¡great¡¡value£»¡¡then£»¡¡is¡¡directly¡¡to¡¡meet¡¡the¡¡specific¡¡lie¡¡on¡¡the¡¡spot£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡were£»¡¡when¡¡it¡¡is¡¡told¡£
Next£»¡¡accuracy¡¡of¡¡report¡¡may¡¡well¡¡be¡¡practiced¡¡as¡¡a¡¡special¡¡discipline¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡these¡¡normal¡¡cases¡¡we¡¡have¡¡seen¡¡that¡¡there¡¡could¡¡be¡¡little¡¡doubt¡¡about¡¡the¡¡individual¡¡having¡¡self¡control¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡stick¡¡to¡¡the¡¡truth£»¡¡if¡¡the¡¡will¡¡was¡¡properly¡¡directed¡£¡¡¡¡Indeed£»¡¡many¡¡of¡¡our¡¡cases¡¡were¡¡exceptionally¡¡bright¡¡individuals¡¡with¡¡many¡¡good¡¡powers¡¡of¡¡observation¡¡and¡¡memory¡£¡¡¡¡Had¡¡one¡¡the¡¡opportunity£»¡¡there¡¡can¡¡be¡¡little¡¡doubt¡¡but¡¡that¡¡training¡¡in¡¡the¡¡power¡¡to¡¡do¡¡well¡¡on¡¡such¡¡a¡¡test¡¡as¡¡that¡¡afforded¡¡by¡¡the¡¡¡®¡®Aussage''¡¡picture¡¡would¡¡have¡¡yielded¡¡good¡¡results¡£¡¡¡¡Indeed£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡some¡¡suggestion¡¡of¡¡this¡¡in¡¡our¡¡table¡¡of¡¡findings¡¡on¡¡this¡¡test£»¡¡where¡¡we¡¡note¡¡that¡¡pathological¡¡liars£»¡¡when¡¡left¡¡merely¡¡to¡¡themselves¡¡and¡¡their¡¡first¡¡often¡¡comparatively¡¡meagre¡¡report¡¡on¡¡the¡¡picture£»¡¡give¡¡few¡¡incorrect¡¡details¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡difference¡¡in¡¡their¡¡report¡¡as¡¡compared¡¡with¡¡other¡¡observers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡picture¡¡was¡¡found¡¡when¡¡they¡¡answered¡¡questions¡£¡¡¡¡Since¡¡this¡¡is¡¡the¡¡case£»¡¡there¡¡can¡¡be¡¡little¡¡question¡¡that¡¡training¡¡in¡¡the¡¡power¡¡to¡¡respond¡¡accurately¡¡might¡¡be¡¡gained¡£
It¡¡may¡¡be¡¡of¡¡value¡¡in¡¡considering¡¡therapeutics¡¡of¡¡pathological¡¡lying¡¡to¡¡enumerate¡¡the¡¡general¡¡run¡¡of¡¡treatment¡¡which¡¡was¡¡carried¡¡out¡¡in¡¡those¡¡instances¡¡where¡¡we¡¡know¡¡that¡¡betterment¡¡took¡¡place¡£¡¡¡¡Nearly¡¡always¡¡only¡¡a¡¡part¡¡of¡¡what¡¡we¡¡advised¡¡could¡¡be¡¡carried¡¡out£»¡¡but£»¡¡even¡¡so£»¡¡a¡¡brief¡¡statement¡¡of¡¡the¡¡conditions¡¡under¡¡which¡¡betterment¡¡was¡¡accomplished¡¡seems¡¡worth¡¡much¡£
Case¡¡1¡¡was¡¡treated¡¡first¡¡in¡¡an¡¡institution¡¡for¡¡delinquents¡¡where¡¡every¡¡effort¡¡was¡¡made¡¡to¡¡cure¡¡her¡¡disease¡¡and¡¡where¡¡she¡¡was¡¡taught¡¡to¡¡employ¡¡herself¡¡in¡¡constructive¡¡work¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡found¡¡she¡¡had¡¡ability¡¡to¡¡design£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡was¡¡used¡¡to¡¡the¡¡utmost¡£¡¡¡¡Then¡¡her¡¡lying¡¡tendencies¡¡were¡¡checked¡¡by¡¡social¡¡disapprobation¡¡as¡¡much¡¡as¡¡possible¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡special¡¡effort¡¡was¡¡made¡¡toward¡¡this¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡girl¡¡was¡¡undoubtedly¡¡made¡¡more¡¡serious¡minded¡¡by¡¡the¡¡after¡effects¡¡of¡¡her¡¡experience¡¡and¡¡perhaps¡¡by¡¡her¡¡disease¡£¡¡¡¡She¡¡was¡¡later¡¡successfully¡¡handled¡¡at¡¡home¡¡by¡¡her¡¡sensible¡¡mother¡£¡¡¡¡Leaving¡¡the¡¡years¡¡of¡¡adolescent¡¡instability¡¡behind¡¡her¡¡was¡¡also¡¡undoubtedly¡¡a¡¡factor¡¡in¡¡betterment¡£
Case¡¡4¡¡was¡¡taken¡¡in¡¡hand¡¡by¡¡a¡¡sterling¡¡character¡¡who¡¡restrained¡¡very¡¡carefully¡¡the¡¡tendency¡¡to¡¡lying£»¡¡and¡¡by¡¡firm¡¡methods¡¡showed¡¡her¡¡the¡¡social¡¡advantages¡¡of¡¡self¡control¡¡in¡¡this¡¡respect¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡she¡¡was¡¡given¡¡a¡¡vastly¡¡better¡¡environment£»¡¡particularly¡¡in¡¡the¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡her¡¡friends¡£¡¡¡¡However£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡little¡¡doubt¡¡that¡¡nothing¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡accomplished¡¡in¡¡this¡¡case¡¡without¡¡first¡¡a¡¡deep¡¡understanding¡¡of¡¡the¡¡girl's¡¡troubles¡¡and¡¡of¡¡her¡¡mental¡¡conflicts¡£
Case¡¡7¡¡was¡¡treated¡¡for¡¡her¡¡sex¡¡difficulties¡¡under¡¡the¡¡constant¡¡care¡¡of¡¡a¡¡vigorous¡¡mother£»¡¡who¡¡first£»¡¡naturally£»¡¡had¡¡to¡¡gain¡¡an¡¡understanding¡¡of¡¡the¡¡case¡£¡¡¡¡With¡¡her¡¡bettered¡¡physical¡¡and¡¡mental¡¡conditions£»¡¡the¡¡girl¡¡was¡¡able¡¡steadily¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡a¡¡position¡¡for¡¡which¡¡earlier¡¡she¡¡had¡¡no¡¡capacity¡£
Betterment¡¡in¡¡Case¡¡14¡¡came¡¡about¡¡mainly¡¡as¡¡the¡¡result¡¡of¡¡an¡¡understanding¡¡of¡¡the¡¡child's¡¡mental¡¡conflicts¡¡and¡¡somewhat¡¡through¡¡partially¡¡bettered¡¡environmental¡¡conditions¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡learned¡¡lately¡¡that¡¡the¡¡severe¡¡visual¡¡defect¡¡had¡¡been¡¡neglected¡£
In¡¡Case¡¡15¡¡the¡¡false¡¡accusations¡¡were¡¡made¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡basis¡¡of¡¡mental¡¡conflict¡£¡¡¡¡Investigation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡case£»¡¡followed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡personal¡¡services¡¡of¡¡a¡¡probation¡¡officer¡¡and¡¡by¡¡the¡¡legal¡¡proceedings£»¡¡served¡¡to¡¡clear¡¡up¡¡conditions£»¡¡including¡¡t