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第12节

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which I required; about a third of an acre; and I learned from the

experience of both years; not being in the least awed by many

celebrated works on husbandry; Arthur Young among the rest; that if

one would live simply and eat only the crop which he raised; and

raise no more than he ate; and not exchange it for an insufficient

quantity of more luxurious and expensive things; he would need to

cultivate only a few rods of ground; and that it would be cheaper to

spade up that than to use oxen to plow it; and to select a fresh

spot from time to time than to manure the old; and he could do all

his necessary farm work as it were with his left hand at odd hours

in the summer; and thus he would not be tied to an ox; or horse; or

cow; or pig; as at present。  I desire to speak impartially on this

point; and as one not interested in the success or failure of the

present economical and social arrangements。  I was more independent

than any farmer in Concord; for I was not anchored to a house or

farm; but could follow the bent of my genius; which is a very

crooked one; every moment。  Beside being better off than they

already; if my house had been burned or my crops had failed; I

should have been nearly as well off as before。

    I am wont to think that men are not so much the keepers of herds

as herds are the keepers of men; the former are so much the freer。

Men and oxen exchange work; but if we consider necessary work only;

the oxen will be seen to have greatly the advantage; their farm is

so much the larger。  Man does some of his part of the exchange work

in his six weeks of haying; and it is no boy's play。  Certainly no

nation that lived simply in all respects; that is; no nation of

philosophers; would commit so great a blunder as to use the labor of

animals。  True; there never was and is not likely soon to be a

nation of philosophers; nor am I certain it is desirable that there

should be。  However; I should never have broken a horse or bull and

taken him to board for any work he might do for me; for fear I

should become a horseman or a herdsman merely; and if society seems

to be the gainer by so doing; are we certain that what is one man's

gain is not another's loss; and that the stable…boy has equal cause

with his master to be satisfied?  Granted that some public works

would not have been constructed without this aid; and let man share

the glory of such with the ox and horse; does it follow that he

could not have accomplished works yet more worthy of himself in that

case?  When men begin to do; not merely unnecessary or artistic; but

luxurious and idle work; with their assistance; it is inevitable

that a few do all the exchange work with the oxen; or; in other

words; become the slaves of the strongest。  Man thus not only works

for the animal within him; but; for a symbol of this; he works for

the animal without him。  Though we have many substantial houses of

brick or stone; the prosperity of the farmer is still measured by

the degree to which the barn overshadows the house。  This town is

said to have the largest houses for oxen; cows; and horses

hereabouts; and it is not behindhand in its public buildings; but

there are very few halls for free worship or free speech in this

county。  It should not be by their architecture; but why not even by

their power of abstract thought; that nations should seek to

commemorate themselves?  How much more admirable the Bhagvat…Geeta

than all the ruins of the East!  Towers and temples are the luxury

of princes。  A simple and independent mind does not toil at the

bidding of any prince。  Genius is not a retainer to any emperor; nor

is its material silver; or gold; or marble; except to a trifling

extent。  To what end; pray; is so much stone hammered?  In Arcadia;

when I was there; I did not see any hammering stone。  Nations are

possessed with an insane ambition to perpetuate the memory of

themselves by the amount of hammered stone they leave。  What if

equal pains were taken to smooth and polish their manners?  One

piece of good sense would be more memorable than a monument as high

as the moon。  I love better to see stones in place。  The grandeur of

Thebes was a vulgar grandeur。  More sensible is a rod of stone wall

that bounds an honest man's field than a hundred…gated Thebes that

has wandered farther from the true end of life。  The religion and

civilization which are barbaric and heathenish build splendid

temples; but what you might call Christianity does not。  Most of the

stone a nation hammers goes toward its tomb only。  It buries itself

alive。  As for the Pyramids; there is nothing to wonder at in them

so much as the fact that so many men could be found degraded enough

to spend their lives constructing a tomb for some ambitious booby;

whom it would have been wiser and manlier to have drowned in the

Nile; and then given his body to the dogs。  I might possibly invent

some excuse for them and him; but I have no time for it。  As for the

religion and love of art of the builders; it is much the same all

the world over; whether the building be an Egyptian temple or the

United States Bank。  It costs more than it comes to。  The mainspring

is vanity; assisted by the love of garlic and bread and butter。  Mr。

Balcom; a promising young architect; designs it on the back of his

Vitruvius; with hard pencil and ruler; and the job is let out to

Dobson & Sons; stonecutters。  When the thirty centuries begin to

look down on it; mankind begin to look up at it。  As for your high

towers and monuments; there was a crazy fellow once in this town who

undertook to dig through to China; and he got so far that; as he

said; he heard the Chinese pots and kettles rattle; but I think that

I shall not go out of my way to admire the hole which he made。  Many

are concerned about the monuments of the West and the East  to

know who built them。  For my part; I should like to know who in

those days did not build them  who were above such trifling。  But

to proceed with my statistics。

    By surveying; carpentry; and day…labor of various other kinds in

the village in the meanwhile; for I have as many trades as fingers;

I had earned 13。34。  The expense of food for eight months; namely;

from July 4th to March 1st; the time when these estimates were made;

though I lived there more than two years  not counting potatoes; a

little green corn; and some peas; which I had raised; nor

considering the value of what was on hand at the last date  was



    Rice 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  1。73 1/2

    Molasses 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  1。73     Cheapest form of the

                                         saccharine。

    Rye meal 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  1。04 3/4

    Indian meal 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  0。99 3/4  Cheaper than rye。

    Pork 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  0。22

    All experiments which failed:

    Flour 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  0。88  Costs more than Indian meal;

                                      both money and trouble。

    Sugar 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  0。80

    Lard 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  0。65

    Apples 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  0。25

    Dried apple 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  0。22

    Sweet potatoes 。。。。。。。。。。。  0。10

    One pumpkin 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  0。06

    One watermelon 。。。。。。。。。。。  0。02

    Salt 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  0。03



Yes; I did eat 8。74; all told; but I should not thus unblushingly

publish my guilt; if I did not know that most of my readers were

equally guilty with myself; and that their deeds would look no

better in print。  The next year I sometimes caught a mess of fish

for my dinner; and once I went so far as to slaughter a woodchuck

which ravaged my bean…field  effect his transmigration; as a

Tartar would say  and devour him; partly for experiment's sake;

but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment; notwithstanding a

musky flavor; I saw that the longest use would not make that a good

practice; however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready

dressed by the village butcher。

    Clothing and some incidental expenses within the same dates;

though little can be inferred from this item; amounted to



                                             8。40…3/4

    Oil and some household utensils 。。。。。。。。  2。00



So that all the pecuniary outgoes; excepting for washing and

mending; which for the most part were done out of the house; and

their bills have not yet been received  and these are all and more

than all the ways by which money necessarily goes out in this part

of the world  were



    House 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  28。12+

    Farm one year 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 14。72+

    Food eight months 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  8。74

    Clothing; etc。; eight months 。。。。。。。。。。。。  8。40…3/4

    Oil; etc。; eight months 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  2。00

                                            …

        In all 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  61。99…3/4



I address myself now to those of my readers who have a living to

get。  And to meet this I have for farm pro

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