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¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
from¡¡the¡¡devastation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡country¡¡and¡¡from¡¡the¡¡flames¡¡of¡¡burning
houses£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡victorious¡¡army¡¡was¡¡approaching¡£¡¡Vocula¡¡issued¡¡orders
that¡¡the¡¡standards¡¡should¡¡be¡¡planted¡¡within¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡the¡¡camp£»¡¡and
should¡¡be¡¡surrounded¡¡with¡¡a¡¡ditch¡¡and¡¡rampart£»¡¡where¡¡his¡¡men¡¡might
deposit¡¡their¡¡knapsacks£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡fight¡¡without¡¡encumbrance¡£¡¡On¡¡this£»
the¡¡General¡¡was¡¡assailed¡¡by¡¡a¡¡clamorous¡¡demand¡¡for¡¡instant¡¡battle¡£
They¡¡had¡¡now¡¡grown¡¡used¡¡to¡¡threaten¡£¡¡Without¡¡even¡¡taking¡¡time¡¡to
form¡¡into¡¡line£»¡¡disordered¡¡and¡¡weary¡¡as¡¡they¡¡were£»¡¡they¡¡commenced
the¡¡action¡£¡¡Civilis¡¡was¡¡on¡¡the¡¡field£»¡¡trusting¡¡quite¡¡as¡¡much¡¡to¡¡the
faults¡¡of¡¡his¡¡adversaries¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡valour¡¡of¡¡his¡¡own¡¡troops¡£¡¡With¡¡the
Romans¡¡the¡¡fortune¡¡of¡¡the¡¡day¡¡varied£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡most¡¡violently
mutinous¡¡shewed¡¡themselves¡¡cowards¡£¡¡But¡¡some£»¡¡remembering¡¡their¡¡recent
victory£»¡¡stood¡¡their¡¡ground¡¡and¡¡struck¡¡fiercely¡¡at¡¡the¡¡foe£»¡¡now
encouraging¡¡each¡¡other¡¡and¡¡their¡¡neighbours£»¡¡and¡¡now£»¡¡while¡¡they
re¡formed¡¡their¡¡lines£»¡¡imploring¡¡the¡¡besieged¡¡not¡¡to¡¡lose¡¡the
opportunity¡£¡¡These¡¡latter£»¡¡who¡¡saw¡¡everything¡¡from¡¡the¡¡walls£»
sallied¡¡out¡¡from¡¡every¡¡gate¡£¡¡It¡¡so¡¡happened¡¡that¡¡Civilis¡¡was¡¡thrown¡¡to
the¡¡ground¡¡by¡¡the¡¡fall¡¡of¡¡his¡¡horse¡£¡¡A¡¡report¡¡that¡¡he¡¡had¡¡been
either¡¡wounded¡¡or¡¡slain¡¡gained¡¡belief¡¡throughout¡¡both¡¡armies£»¡¡and
spread¡¡incredible¡¡panic¡¡among¡¡his¡¡own¡¡troops£»¡¡and¡¡gave¡¡as¡¡great
encouragement¡¡to¡¡their¡¡opponents¡£¡¡But¡¡Vocula£»¡¡leaving¡¡the¡¡flying
foe£»¡¡began¡¡to¡¡strengthen¡¡the¡¡rampart¡¡and¡¡the¡¡towers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡camp£»¡¡as¡¡if
another¡¡siege¡¡were¡¡imminent¡£¡¡He¡¡had¡¡misused¡¡success¡¡so¡¡often¡¡that¡¡he
was¡¡rightly¡¡suspected¡¡of¡¡a¡¡preference¡¡for¡¡war¡£
¡¡¡¡Nothing¡¡distressed¡¡our¡¡troops¡¡so¡¡much¡¡as¡¡the¡¡scarcity¡¡of¡¡supplies¡£
The¡¡baggage¡¡of¡¡the¡¡legions¡¡was¡¡therefore¡¡sent¡¡to¡¡Novesium¡¡with¡¡a¡¡crowd
of¡¡non¡combatants¡¡to¡¡fetch¡¡corn¡¡from¡¡that¡¡place¡¡overland£»¡¡for¡¡the
enemy¡¡commanded¡¡the¡¡river¡£¡¡The¡¡march¡¡of¡¡the¡¡first¡¡body¡¡was
accomplished¡¡in¡¡security£»¡¡as¡¡Civilis¡¡had¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡recovered¡£¡¡But¡¡when
he¡¡heard¡¡that¡¡officers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡commissariat¡¡had¡¡been¡¡again¡¡sent¡¡to
Novesium£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡infantry¡¡detached¡¡as¡¡an¡¡escort¡¡were¡¡advancing
just¡¡as¡¡if¡¡it¡¡were¡¡a¡¡time¡¡of¡¡profound¡¡peace£»¡¡with¡¡but¡¡few¡¡soldiers
round¡¡the¡¡standards£»¡¡the¡¡arms¡¡stowed¡¡away¡¡in¡¡the¡¡wagons£»¡¡and¡¡all
wandering¡¡about¡¡at¡¡their¡¡pleasure£»¡¡he¡¡attacked¡¡them¡¡in¡¡regular¡¡form£»
having¡¡first¡¡sent¡¡on¡¡troops¡¡to¡¡occupy¡¡the¡¡bridges¡¡and¡¡the¡¡defiles¡¡in
the¡¡road¡£¡¡The¡¡battle¡¡extended¡¡over¡¡a¡¡long¡¡line¡¡of¡¡march£»¡¡lasting
with¡¡varying¡¡success¡¡till¡¡night¡¡parted¡¡the¡¡combatants¡£¡¡The¡¡infantry
pushed¡¡on¡¡to¡¡Gelduba£»¡¡while¡¡the¡¡camp¡¡remained¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡state¡¡as
before£»¡¡garrisoned¡¡by¡¡such¡¡troops¡¡as¡¡had¡¡been¡¡left¡¡in¡¡it¡£¡¡There
could¡¡be¡¡no¡¡doubt¡¡what¡¡peril¡¡a¡¡convoy£»¡¡heavily¡¡laden¡¡and
panic¡stricken£»¡¡would¡¡have¡¡to¡¡encounter¡¡in¡¡attempting¡¡to¡¡return¡£
Vocula¡¡added¡¡to¡¡his¡¡force¡¡a¡¡thousand¡¡picked¡¡men¡¡from¡¡the¡¡fifth¡¡and
fifteenth¡¡legions¡¡besieged¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Old¡¡Camp£»¡¡a¡¡body¡¡of¡¡troops
undisciplined¡¡and¡¡ill¡affected¡¡to¡¡their¡¡officers¡£¡¡But¡¡more¡¡than¡¡the
number¡¡specified¡¡came¡¡forward£»¡¡and¡¡openly¡¡protested£»¡¡as¡¡they
marched£»¡¡that¡¡they¡¡would¡¡not¡¡endure¡¡any¡¡longer¡¡the¡¡hardships¡¡of¡¡famine
and¡¡the¡¡treachery¡¡of¡¡the¡¡legates¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡those¡¡who¡¡had
stayed¡¡behind¡¡complained¡¡that¡¡they¡¡were£»¡¡being¡¡left¡¡to¡¡their¡¡fate¡¡by
this¡¡withdrawal¡¡of¡¡a¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡legions¡£¡¡A¡¡twofold¡¡mutiny¡¡was¡¡the
result£»¡¡some¡¡calling¡¡upon¡¡Vocula¡¡to¡¡come¡¡back£»¡¡while¡¡the¡¡others
refused¡¡to¡¡return¡¡to¡¡the¡¡camp¡£
¡¡¡¡Meanwhile¡¡Civilis¡¡blockaded¡¡the¡¡Old¡¡Camp¡£¡¡Vocula¡¡retired¡¡first¡¡to
Gelduba£»¡¡after£»¡¡wards¡¡to¡¡Novesium£»¡¡Civilis¡¡took¡¡possession¡¡of¡¡Gelduba£»
and¡¡not¡¡long¡¡after¡¡was¡¡victorious¡¡in¡¡a¡¡cavalry¡¡engagement¡¡near
Novesium¡£¡¡But¡¡reverses¡¡and¡¡successes¡¡seemed¡¡equally¡¡to¡¡kindle¡¡in¡¡the
troops¡¡the¡¡one¡¡desire¡¡of¡¡murdering¡¡their¡¡officers¡£¡¡The¡¡legions£»
increased¡¡in¡¡number¡¡by¡¡the¡¡arrival¡¡of¡¡the¡¡men¡¡from¡¡the¡¡fifth¡¡and
fifteenth£»¡¡demanded¡¡a¡¡donative£»¡¡for¡¡they¡¡had¡¡discovered¡¡that¡¡some
money¡¡had¡¡been¡¡sent¡¡by¡¡Vitellius¡£¡¡After¡¡a¡¡short¡¡delay¡¡Hordeonius
gave¡¡the¡¡donative¡¡in¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡Vespasian¡£¡¡This£»¡¡more¡¡than¡¡anything
else£»¡¡fostered¡¡the¡¡mutinous¡¡spirit¡£¡¡The¡¡men£»¡¡abandoning¡¡themselves
to¡¡debauchery¡¡and¡¡revelry¡¡and¡¡all¡¡the¡¡license¡¡of¡¡nightly¡¡gatherings£»
revived¡¡their¡¡old¡¡grudge¡¡against¡¡Hordeonius¡£¡¡Without¡¡a¡¡single¡¡legate
or¡¡tribune¡¡venturing¡¡to¡¡check¡¡them£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡darkness¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡have
taken¡¡from¡¡them¡¡all¡¡sense¡¡of¡¡shame£»¡¡they¡¡dragged¡¡him¡¡out¡¡of¡¡his¡¡bed
and¡¡killed¡¡him¡£¡¡The¡¡same¡¡fate¡¡was¡¡intended¡¡for¡¡Vocula£»¡¡but¡¡he
assumed¡¡the¡¡dress¡¡of¡¡a¡¡slave£»¡¡and¡¡escaped¡¡unrecognized¡¡in¡¡the
darkness¡£¡¡When¡¡their¡¡fury¡¡had¡¡subsided¡¡and¡¡their¡¡alarm¡¡returned£»
they¡¡sent¡¡centurions¡¡with¡¡despatches¡¡to¡¡the¡¡various¡¡states¡¡of¡¡Gaul£»
imploring¡¡help¡¡in¡¡money¡¡and¡¡troops¡£
¡¡¡¡These¡¡men£»¡¡headstrong£»¡¡cowardly£»¡¡and¡¡spiritless£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡mob¡¡without
a¡¡leader¡¡always¡¡is£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡approach¡¡of¡¡Civilis¡¡hastily¡¡took¡¡up¡¡arms£»
and£»¡¡as¡¡hastily¡¡abandoning¡¡them£»¡¡betook¡¡themselves¡¡to¡¡flight¡£¡¡Disaster
produced¡¡disunion£»¡¡the¡¡troops¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Upper¡¡army¡¡dissociating¡¡their
cause¡¡from¡¡that¡¡of¡¡their¡¡comrades¡£¡¡Nevertheless¡¡the¡¡statues¡¡of
Vitellius¡¡were¡¡again¡¡set¡¡up¡¡in¡¡the¡¡camp¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡neighbouring
Belgian¡¡towns£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡at¡¡a¡¡time¡¡when¡¡Vitellius¡¡himself¡¡had¡¡fallen¡£
Then¡¡the¡¡men¡¡of¡¡the¡¡1st£»¡¡the¡¡4th£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡18th¡¡legions£»¡¡repenting¡¡of
their¡¡conduct£»¡¡followed¡¡Vocula£»¡¡and¡¡again¡¡taking¡¡in¡¡his¡¡presence¡¡the
oath¡¡of¡¡allegiance¡¡to¡¡Vespasian£»¡¡were¡¡marched¡¡by¡¡him¡¡to¡¡the¡¡relief
of¡¡Mogontiacum¡£¡¡The¡¡besieging¡¡army£»¡¡an¡¡heterogeneous¡¡mass¡¡of¡¡Chatti£»
Usipii£»¡¡and¡¡Mattiaci£»¡¡had¡¡raised¡¡the¡¡siege£»¡¡glutted¡¡with¡¡spoils£»¡¡but
not¡¡without¡¡suffering¡¡loss¡£¡¡Our¡¡troops¡¡attacked¡¡them¡¡on¡¡the¡¡way£»
dispersed¡¡and¡¡unprepared¡£¡¡Moreover¡¡the¡¡Treveri¡¡had¡¡constructed¡¡a
breastwork¡¡and¡¡rampart¡¡across¡¡their¡¡territory£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡and¡¡the
Germans¡¡continued¡¡to¡¡contend¡¡with¡¡great¡¡losses¡¡on¡¡both¡¡sides¡¡up¡¡to¡¡the
time¡¡when¡¡they¡¡tarnished¡¡by¡¡rebellion¡¡their¡¡distinguished¡¡services
to¡¡the¡¡Roman¡¡people¡£
¡¡¡¡Meanwhile¡¡Vespasian¡¡£¨now¡¡consul¡¡for¡¡the¡¡second¡¡time£©¡¡and¡¡Titus
entered¡¡upon¡¡their¡¡office£»¡¡both¡¡being¡¡absent¡¡from¡¡Rome¡£¡¡People¡¡were
gloomy¡¡and¡¡anxious¡¡under¡¡the¡¡pressure¡¡of¡¡manifold¡¡fears£»¡¡for£»¡¡over¡¡and
above¡¡immediate¡¡perils£»¡¡they¡¡had¡¡taken¡¡groundless¡¡alarm¡¡under¡¡the
impression¡¡that¡¡Africa¡¡was¡¡in¡¡rebellion¡¡through¡¡the¡¡revolutionary
movements¡¡of¡¡Lucius¡¡Piso¡£¡¡He¡¡was¡¡governor¡¡of¡¡that¡¡province£»¡¡and¡¡was
far¡¡from¡¡being¡¡a¡¡man¡¡of¡¡turbulent¡¡disposition¡£¡¡The¡¡fact¡¡was¡¡that¡¡the
wheat¡ships¡¡were¡¡detained¡¡by¡¡the¡¡severity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡weather£»¡¡and¡¡the
lower¡¡orders£»¡¡who¡¡were¡¡accustomed¡¡to¡¡buy¡¡their¡¡provisions¡¡from¡¡day
to¡¡day£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡whom¡¡cheap¡¡corn¡¡was¡¡the¡¡sole¡¡subject¡¡of¡¡public
interest£»¡¡feared¡¡and¡¡believed¡¡that¡¡the¡¡ports¡¡had¡¡been¡¡closed¡¡and¡¡the
supplies¡¡stopped£»¡¡the¡¡Vitellianists£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡given¡¡up¡¡their
party¡¡feelings£»¡¡helping¡¡to¡¡spread¡¡the¡¡report£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡not
displeasing¡¡even¡¡to¡¡the¡¡conquerors¡£¡¡Their¡¡ambition£»¡¡which¡¡even¡¡foreign
campaigns¡¡could¡¡not¡¡fill¡¡to¡¡the¡¡full£»¡¡was¡¡not¡¡satisfied¡¡by¡¡any
triumphs¡¡that¡¡civil¡¡war¡¡could¡¡furnish¡£
¡¡¡¡On¡¡the¡¡1st¡¡of¡¡January£»¡¡at¡¡a¡¡meeting¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Senate£»¡¡convoked¡¡for
the¡¡purpose¡¡by¡¡Julius¡¡Frontinus£»¡¡praetor¡¡of¡¡the¡¡city£»¡¡votes¡¡of
thanks¡¡were¡¡passed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡legates£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡armies£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡the¡¡allied
kings¡£¡¡The¡¡office¡¡of¡¡praetor¡¡was¡¡taken¡¡away¡¡from¡¡Tettius¡¡Julianus£»
as¡¡having¡¡deserted¡¡his¡¡legion¡¡when¡¡it¡¡passed¡¡over¡¡to¡¡the¡¡party¡¡of
Vespasian£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡view¡¡to¡¡its¡¡being¡¡transferred¡¡to¡¡Plotius¡¡Griphus¡£
Equestrian¡¡rank¡¡was¡¡conferred¡¡on¡¡Hormus¡£¡¡Then£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡resignation¡¡of
Frontinus£»¡¡Caesar¡¡Domitian¡¡assumed¡¡the¡¡office¡¡of¡¡praetor¡¡of¡¡the
city¡£¡¡His¡¡name¡¡was¡¡put¡¡at¡¡the¡¡head¡¡of¡¡despatches¡¡and¡¡edicts£»¡¡but¡¡the
real¡¡authority¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡hands¡¡of¡¡Mucianus£»¡¡with¡¡this¡¡exception£»¡¡that
Domitian¡¡ventured¡¡on¡¡several¡¡acts¡¡of¡¡power£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡instigation¡¡of
his¡¡friends£»¡¡or¡¡at¡¡his¡¡own¡¡caprice¡£¡¡But¡¡Mucianus¡¡found¡¡his¡¡principal
cause¡¡of¡¡apprehension¡¡in¡¡Primus¡¡Antonius¡¡and¡¡Varus¡¡Arrius£»¡¡who£»¡¡in¡¡the
freshness¡¡of¡¡their¡¡fame£»¡¡while¡¡distinguished¡¡by¡¡great¡¡achievements¡¡and
by¡¡the¡¡attachment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡soldiery£»¡¡were¡¡also¡¡supported¡¡by¡¡the
people£»¡¡because¡¡in¡¡no¡¡case¡¡had¡¡they¡¡extended¡¡their¡¡severities¡¡beyond
the¡¡battle¡field¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡also¡¡reported¡¡that¡¡Antonius¡¡had¡¡urged
Scribonianus¡¡Crassus£»¡¡whom¡¡an¡¡illustrious¡¡descent¡¡added¡¡to¡¡the¡¡honours
of¡¡his¡¡brother¡¡made¡¡a¡¡conspicuous¡¡person£»¡¡to¡¡assume¡¡the¡¡supreme¡¡power£»
and¡¡it¡¡was¡¡understood¡¡that¡¡a¡¡number¡¡of¡¡accomplices¡¡would¡¡not¡¡have
failed¡¡to¡¡support¡¡him£»¡¡had¡¡not¡¡the¡¡proposal¡¡been¡¡rejected¡¡by
Scribonianus£»¡¡who¡¡was¡¡a¡¡man¡¡not¡¡easily¡¡to¡¡be¡¡tempted¡¡even¡¡by¡¡a
certainty£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡proportionately¡¡apprehensive¡¡of¡¡risk¡£¡¡Mucianus£»
seeing¡¡that¡¡Antonius¡¡could¡¡not¡¡be¡¡openly¡¡crushed£»¡¡heaped¡¡many
praises¡¡upon¡¡him¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Senate£»¡¡and¡¡loaded¡¡him¡¡with¡¡promises¡¡in
secret£»¡¡holding¡¡out¡¡as¡¡a¡¡prize¡¡the¡¡government¡¡of¡¡Eastern¡¡Spain£»¡¡then
vacant¡¡in¡¡consequence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡departure¡¡of¡¡Cluvius¡¡Rufus¡£¡¡At¡¡the¡¡same
time¡¡he¡¡lavished¡¡on¡¡his¡¡friends¡¡tribuneships¡¡and¡¡prefectures£»¡¡and
then£»¡¡when¡¡he