the american republic-µÚ60½Ú
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
ves¡¡into¡¡slavery£»¡¡to¡¡escape¡¡the¡¡fiscal¡¡¡¡burdens¡¡imposed¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡are¡¡actually¡¡imperial¡¡edicts¡¡extant¡¡¡¡forbidden¡¡freemen¡¡to¡¡sell¡¡themselves¡¡as¡¡slaves¡£¡¡¡¡Thus¡¡ended¡¡the¡¡¡¡Roman¡¡federative¡¡system£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡discover¡¡in¡¡¡¡Europe¡¡the¡¡elements¡¡of¡¡a¡¡federative¡¡system¡¡that¡¡could¡¡have¡¡a¡¡¡¡more¡¡favorable¡¡result¡£
409¡¡Now£»¡¡the¡¡political¡¡destiny¡¡or¡¡mission¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡is£»¡¡in¡¡¡¡common¡¡with¡¡the¡¡European¡¡nations£»¡¡to¡¡eliminate¡¡the¡¡barbaric¡¡¡¡elements¡¡retained¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Roman¡¡constitution£»¡¡and¡¡specially¡¡to¡¡¡¡realize¡¡that¡¡philosophical¡¡division¡¡of¡¡the¡¡powers¡¡of¡¡government¡¡¡¡which¡¡distinguish¡¡it¡¡from¡¡both¡¡imperial¡¡and¡¡democratic¡¡centralism¡¡¡¡on¡¡the¡¡one¡¡hand£»¡¡and£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other£»¡¡from¡¡the¡¡checks¡¡and¡¡balances¡¡¡¡or¡¡organized¡¡antagonisms¡¡which¡¡seek¡¡to¡¡preserve¡¡liberty¡¡by¡¡¡¡obstructing¡¡the¡¡exercise¡¡of¡¡power¡£¡¡¡¡No¡¡greater¡¡problem¡¡in¡¡¡¡statesmanship¡¡remains¡¡to¡¡be¡¡solved£»¡¡and¡¡no¡¡greater¡¡contribution¡¡¡¡to¡¡civilization¡¡to¡¡be¡¡made¡£¡¡¡¡Nowhere¡¡else¡¡than¡¡in¡¡this¡¡New¡¡World£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡in¡¡this¡¡New¡¡World¡¡only¡¡in¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡can¡¡this¡¡problem¡¡¡¡be¡¡solved£»¡¡or¡¡this¡¡contribution¡¡be¡¡made£»¡¡and¡¡what¡¡the¡¡¡¡Graeco¡Roman¡¡republic¡¡began¡¡be¡¡completed¡£
But¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡have¡¡a¡¡religious¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡a¡¡political¡¡¡¡destiny£»¡¡for¡¡religion¡¡and¡¡politics¡¡go¡¡together¡£¡¡¡¡Church¡¡and¡¡¡¡state£»¡¡as¡¡governments£»¡¡are¡¡separate¡¡indeed£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡principles¡¡on¡¡¡¡which¡¡the¡¡state¡¡is¡¡founded¡¡have¡¡their¡¡origin¡¡and¡¡ground¡¡in¡¡the¡¡¡¡spiritual¡¡orderin¡¡the¡¡principles¡¡revealed¡¡or¡¡affirmed¡¡by¡¡¡¡religionand¡¡are¡¡inseparable¡¡from¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡state¡¡¡¡without¡¡God£»¡¡any¡¡more¡¡than¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡church¡¡without¡¡Christ¡¡or¡¡¡¡the¡¡Incarnation¡£¡¡¡¡An¡¡atheist¡¡may¡¡be¡¡a¡¡politician£»¡¡but¡¡if¡¡there¡¡¡¡were¡¡410¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡God¡¡there¡¡could¡¡be¡¡no¡¡politics¡£¡¡theological¡¡principles¡¡¡¡are¡¡the¡¡basis¡¡of¡¡political¡¡principles¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡created¡¡universe¡¡is¡¡a¡¡¡¡dialectic¡¡whole£»¡¡distinct¡¡but¡¡inseparable¡¡from¡¡its¡¡Creator£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡all¡¡its¡¡parts¡¡cohere¡¡and¡¡are¡¡essential¡¡to¡¡one¡¡another¡£¡¡¡¡All¡¡has¡¡¡¡its¡¡origin¡¡and¡¡prototype¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Triune¡¡God£»¡¡and¡¡throughout¡¡¡¡expresses¡¡unity¡¡in¡¡triplicity¡¡and¡¡triplicity¡¡in¡¡unity£»¡¡without¡¡¡¡which¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡real¡¡being¡¡and¡¡no¡¡actual¡¡or¡¡possible¡¡life¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Every¡¡thing¡¡has¡¡its¡¡principle£»¡¡medium£»¡¡and¡¡end¡£¡¡¡¡Natural¡¡society¡¡¡¡is¡¡initial£»¡¡civil¡¡government¡¡is¡¡medial£»¡¡the¡¡church¡¡is¡¡¡¡teleological£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡three¡¡are¡¡only¡¡distinctions¡¡in¡¡one¡¡¡¡indissoluble¡¡whole¡£
Man£»¡¡as¡¡we¡¡have¡¡seen£»¡¡lives¡¡by¡¡communion¡¡with¡¡God¡¡through¡¡the¡¡¡¡Divine¡¡creative¡¡act£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡perfected¡¡or¡¡completed¡¡only¡¡through¡¡¡¡the¡¡Incarnation£»¡¡in¡¡Christ£»¡¡the¡¡Word¡¡made¡¡flesh¡£¡¡¡¡True£»¡¡he¡¡¡¡communes¡¡with¡¡God¡¡through¡¡his¡¡kind£»¡¡and¡¡through¡¡external¡¡nature£»¡¡¡¡society¡¡in¡¡which¡¡he¡¡is¡¡born¡¡and¡¡reared£»¡¡and¡¡property¡¡through¡¡¡¡which¡¡he¡¡derives¡¡sustenance¡¡for¡¡his¡¡body£»¡¡but¡¡these¡¡are¡¡only¡¡¡¡media¡¡of¡¡his¡¡communion¡¡with¡¡God£»¡¡the¡¡source¡¡of¡¡lifenot¡¡either¡¡¡¡the¡¡beginning¡¡or¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡his¡¡communion¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡have¡¡no¡¡life¡¡in¡¡¡¡themselves£»¡¡since¡¡their¡¡being¡¡is¡¡in¡¡God£»¡¡and£»¡¡of¡¡themselves£»¡¡can¡¡¡¡impart¡¡none¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡are¡¡in¡¡the¡¡order¡¡of¡¡second¡¡causes£»¡¡and¡¡second¡¡411¡¡causes£»¡¡without¡¡the¡¡first¡¡cause£»¡¡are¡¡nought¡£¡¡¡¡Communion¡¡which¡¡¡¡stops¡¡with¡¡them£»¡¡which¡¡takes¡¡them¡¡as¡¡the¡¡principle¡¡and¡¡end£»¡¡¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡media£»¡¡as¡¡they¡¡are£»¡¡is¡¡the¡¡communion¡¡of¡¡death£»¡¡not¡¡of¡¡¡¡life¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡religion¡¡includes¡¡all¡¡that¡¡relates¡¡to¡¡communion¡¡with¡¡¡¡God£»¡¡it¡¡must¡¡in¡¡some¡¡form¡¡be¡¡inseparable¡¡from¡¡every¡¡living¡¡act¡¡of¡¡¡¡man£»¡¡both¡¡individually¡¡and¡¡socially£»¡¡and£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡long¡¡run£»¡¡men¡¡¡¡must¡¡conform¡¡either¡¡their¡¡politics¡¡to¡¡their¡¡religion¡¡or¡¡their¡¡¡¡religion¡¡to¡¡their¡¡politics¡£¡¡¡¡Christianity¡¡is¡¡constantly¡¡at¡¡work£»¡¡¡¡moulding¡¡political¡¡society¡¡in¡¡its¡¡own¡¡image¡¡and¡¡likeness£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡every¡¡political¡¡system¡¡struggles¡¡to¡¡harmonize¡¡Christianity¡¡with¡¡¡¡itself¡£¡¡¡¡If£»¡¡then£»¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡have¡¡a¡¡political¡¡destiny£»¡¡¡¡they¡¡have¡¡a¡¡religious¡¡destiny¡¡inseparable¡¡from¡¡it¡£
The¡¡political¡¡destiny¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡is¡¡to¡¡conform¡¡the¡¡¡¡state¡¡to¡¡the¡¡order¡¡of¡¡reality£»¡¡or£»¡¡so¡¡to¡¡speak£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Divine¡¡¡¡Idea¡¡in¡¡creation¡£¡¡¡¡Their¡¡religious¡¡destiny¡¡is¡¡to¡¡render¡¡¡¡practicable¡¡and¡¡to¡¡realize¡¡the¡¡normal¡¡relations¡¡between¡¡church¡¡¡¡and¡¡state£»¡¡religion¡¡and¡¡politics£»¡¡as¡¡concreted¡¡in¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡nation¡£
In¡¡politics£»¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡are¡¡not¡¡realizing¡¡a¡¡political¡¡¡¡theory¡¡of¡¡any¡¡sort¡¡whatever¡£¡¡¡¡They£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡contrary£»¡¡are¡¡¡¡successfully¡¡refuting¡¡all¡¡political¡¡theories£»¡¡making¡¡away¡¡with¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡establishing¡¡the¡¡statenot¡¡on¡¡a¡¡theory£»¡¡not¡¡412¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡an¡¡¡¡artificial¡¡basis¡¡or¡¡a¡¡foundation¡¡laid¡¡by¡¡human¡¡reason¡¡or¡¡will£»¡¡¡¡but¡¡on¡¡reality£»¡¡the¡¡eternal¡¡and¡¡immutable¡¡principles¡¡in¡¡relation¡¡¡¡to¡¡which¡¡man¡¡is¡¡created¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡are¡¡doing¡¡the¡¡same¡¡in¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡¡¡religious¡¡theories¡£¡¡¡¡Religion¡¡is¡¡not¡¡a¡¡theory£»¡¡a¡¡subjective¡¡view£»¡¡¡¡an¡¡opinion£»¡¡but¡¡is£»¡¡objectively£»¡¡at¡¡once¡¡a¡¡principle£»¡¡a¡¡law£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡a¡¡fact£»¡¡and£»¡¡subjectively£»¡¡it¡¡is£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡aid¡¡of¡¡God's¡¡grace£»¡¡¡¡practical¡¡conformity¡¡to¡¡what¡¡is¡¡universally¡¡true¡¡and¡¡real¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡in¡¡fulfilment¡¡of¡¡their¡¡destiny£»¡¡are¡¡making¡¡as¡¡sad¡¡¡¡havoc¡¡with¡¡religious¡¡theories¡¡as¡¡with¡¡political¡¡theories£»¡¡and¡¡are¡¡¡¡pressing¡¡on¡¡with¡¡irresistible¡¡force¡¡to¡¡the¡¡real¡¡or¡¡the¡¡Divine¡¡¡¡order¡¡which¡¡is¡¡expressed¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Christian¡¡mysteries£»¡¡which¡¡exists¡¡¡¡independent¡¡of¡¡man's¡¡understanding¡¡and¡¡will£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡man¡¡can¡¡¡¡neither¡¡make¡¡nor¡¡unmake¡£
The¡¡religious¡¡destiny¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡is¡¡not¡¡to¡¡create¡¡a¡¡new¡¡¡¡religion¡¡nor¡¡to¡¡found¡¡a¡¡new¡¡church¡£¡¡¡¡All¡¡real¡¡religion¡¡is¡¡¡¡catholic£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡neither¡¡new¡¡nor¡¡old£»¡¡but¡¡is¡¡always¡¡and¡¡¡¡everywhere¡¡true¡£¡¡¡¡Even¡¡our¡¡Lord¡¡came¡¡neither¡¡to¡¡found¡¡a¡¡new¡¡¡¡church¡¡nor¡¡to¡¡create¡¡a¡¡new¡¡religion£»¡¡but¡¡to¡¡do¡¡the¡¡things¡¡which¡¡¡¡had¡¡been¡¡foretold£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡fulfil¡¡in¡¡time¡¡what¡¡had¡¡been¡¡determined¡¡¡¡in¡¡eternity¡£¡¡¡¡God¡¡has¡¡himself¡¡founded¡¡the¡¡church¡¡on¡¡catholic¡¡¡¡principles£»¡¡or¡¡principles¡¡al¡¡¡413¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ways¡¡and¡¡everywhere¡¡real¡¡principles¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡church¡¡is¡¡necessarily¡¡catholic£»¡¡because¡¡founded¡¡on¡¡catholic¡¡¡¡dogmas£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡dogmas¡¡are¡¡catholic£»¡¡because¡¡they¡¡are¡¡universal¡¡¡¡and¡¡immutable¡¡principles£»¡¡having¡¡their¡¡origin¡¡and¡¡ground¡¡in¡¡the¡¡¡¡Divine¡¡Being¡¡Himself£»¡¡or¡¡in¡¡the¡¡creative¡¡act¡¡by¡¡which¡¡He¡¡produces¡¡¡¡and¡¡sustains¡¡all¡¡things¡£¡¡¡¡Founded¡¡on¡¡universal¡¡and¡¡immutable¡¡¡¡principles£»¡¡the¡¡church¡¡can¡¡never¡¡grow¡¡old¡¡or¡¡obsolete£»¡¡but¡¡is¡¡the¡¡¡¡church¡¡for¡¡all¡¡times¡¡and¡¡Places£»¡¡for¡¡all¡¡ranks¡¡and¡¡conditions¡¡of¡¡¡¡men¡£¡¡¡¡Man¡¡cannot¡¡change¡¡either¡¡the¡¡church¡¡or¡¡the¡¡dogmas¡¡of¡¡faith£»¡¡¡¡for¡¡they¡¡are¡¡founded¡¡in¡¡the¡¡highest¡¡reality£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡above¡¡him£»¡¡¡¡over¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡independent¡¡of¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡Religion¡¡is¡¡above¡¡and¡¡¡¡independent¡¡of¡¡the¡¡state£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡state¡¡has¡¡nothing¡¡to¡¡do¡¡with¡¡¡¡the¡¡church¡¡or¡¡her¡¡dogmas£»¡¡but¡¡to¡¡accept¡¡and¡¡conform¡¡to¡¡them¡¡as¡¡it¡¡¡¡does¡¡to¡¡any¡¡of¡¡the¡¡facts¡¡or¡¡principles¡¡of¡¡science£»¡¡to¡¡a¡¡¡¡mathematical¡¡truth£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡a¡¡physical¡¡law¡£
But¡¡while¡¡the¡¡church£»¡¡with¡¡her¡¡essential¡¡constitution£»¡¡and¡¡her¡¡¡¡dogmas¡¡are¡¡founded¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Divine¡¡order£»¡¡and¡¡are¡¡catholic¡¡and¡¡¡¡unalterable£»¡¡the¡¡relations¡¡between¡¡the¡¡civil¡¡and¡¡ecclesiastical¡¡¡¡authorities¡¡may¡¡be¡¡changed¡¡or¡¡modified¡¡by¡¡the¡¡changes¡¡of¡¡time¡¡and¡¡¡¡place¡£¡¡¡¡These¡¡relations¡¡have¡¡not¡¡been¡¡always¡¡the¡¡same£»¡¡but¡¡have¡¡¡¡dif¡¡¡414¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fered¡¡in¡¡different¡¡ages¡¡and¡¡countries¡£¡¡¡¡During¡¡the¡¡first¡¡three¡¡¡¡centuries¡¡of¡¡our¡¡era¡¡the¡¡church¡¡had¡¡no¡¡legal¡¡status£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡¡¡either¡¡connived¡¡at¡¡or¡¡persecuted¡¡by¡¡the¡¡state¡£¡¡¡¡Under¡¡the¡¡¡¡Christian¡¡emperors¡¡she¡¡was¡¡recognized¡¡by¡¡the¡¡civil¡¡law£»¡¡her¡¡¡¡prelates¡¡had¡¡exclusive¡¡jurisdiction¡¡in¡¡mixed¡¡civil¡¡and¡¡¡¡ecclesiastical¡¡questions£»¡¡and¡¡were¡¡made£»¡¡in¡¡some¡¡sense£»¡¡civil¡¡¡¡magistrates£»¡¡and¡¡paid¡¡as¡¡such¡¡by¡¡the¡¡empire¡£¡¡¡¡Under¡¡feudalism£»¡¡¡¡the¡¡prelates¡¡received¡¡investiture¡¡as¡¡princes¡¡and¡¡barons£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡formed¡¡alone£»¡¡or¡¡in¡¡connection¡¡with¡¡the¡¡temporal¡¡lords£»¡¡an¡¡estate¡¡¡¡in¡¡the¡¡kingdom¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡Pope¡¡became¡¡a¡¡temporal¡¡prince¡¡and¡¡suzerain£»¡¡¡¡at¡¡one¡¡time£»¡¡of¡¡a¡¡large¡¡part¡¡of¡¡Europe£»¡¡and¡¡exercised¡¡the¡¡¡¡arbitratorship¡¡in¡¡all¡¡grave¡¡questions¡¡between¡¡Christian¡¡¡¡sovereigns¡¡themselves£»¡¡and¡¡between¡¡them¡¡and¡¡their¡¡subjects¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Since¡¡the¡¡downfall¡¡of¡¡feudalism¡¡and¡¡the¡¡establishment¡¡of¡¡modern¡¡¡¡centralized¡¡monarchy£»¡¡the¡¡church¡¡has¡¡been¡¡robbed¡¡of¡¡the¡¡greater¡¡¡¡part¡¡of¡¡her¡¡temporal¡¡possessions£»¡¡and¡¡deprived£»¡¡in¡¡most¡¡¡¡countries£»¡¡of¡¡all¡¡civil¡¡functions£»¡¡and¡¡treated¡¡by¡¡the¡¡state¡¡¡¡either¡¡as¡¡an¡¡enemy¡¡or¡¡as¡¡a¡¡slave¡£
In¡¡all¡¡the¡¡sectarian¡¡and¡¡schismatic¡¡states¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Old¡¡World£»¡¡the¡¡¡¡national¡¡church¡¡is¡¡held¡¡in¡¡strict¡¡subjection¡¡to¡¡the¡¡civil¡¡¡¡authority£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡Great¡¡Britain¡¡and¡¡Russia£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡the¡¡slave¡¡of¡¡415¡¡the¡¡state£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡other¡¡states¡¡of¡¡Europe£»¡¡as¡¡France£»¡¡Austria£»¡¡¡¡Spain£»¡¡and¡¡Italy£»¡¡she¡¡is¡¡treated¡¡with¡¡distrust¡¡by¡¡the¡¡civil¡¡¡¡government£»¡¡and¡¡allowed¡¡hardly¡¡a¡¡shadow¡¡of¡¡freedom¡¡and¡¡¡¡independence¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡France£»¡¡which¡¡has¡¡the¡¡proud¡¡title¡¡of¡¡eldest¡¡¡¡daughter¡¡of¡¡the¡¡church£»¡¡Catholics£»¡¡as¡¡such£»¡¡are¡¡not¡¡freer¡¡than¡¡¡¡they¡¡are¡¡in¡¡Turkey¡£¡¡¡¡All¡¡religious¡¡are¡¡said¡¡to¡¡be¡¡free£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡¡¡are¡¡free£»¡¡except¡¡the¡¡religion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡of¡¡Frenchmen¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡emperor£»¡¡because¡¡nominally¡¡a¡¡Catholic£»¡¡takes¡¡it¡¡upon¡¡himself¡¡to¡¡¡¡concede¡¡the¡¡church¡¡just¡¡as¡¡much¡¡and¡¡just¡¡as¡¡little¡¡freedom¡¡in¡¡the¡¡¡¡empire¡¡as¡¡he¡¡judges¡¡expedient¡¡for¡¡his¡¡own¡¡secular¡¡interests¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡Italy£»¡¡Spain£»¡¡Portugal£»¡¡Mexico£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Central¡¡and¡¡South¡¡¡¡American¡¡states£»¡¡the¡¡policy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡civil¡¡authorities¡¡is¡¡the¡¡same£»¡¡¡¡or¡¡worse¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡may¡¡be¡¡safely¡¡asserted¡¡that£»¡¡except¡¡in¡¡the¡¡United¡¡¡¡States£»¡¡the¡¡church¡¡is¡¡either¡¡held¡¡by¡¡the¡¡civil¡¡power¡¡in¡¡¡¡subjection£»¡¡or¡¡treated¡¡as¡¡an¡¡enemy¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡relation¡¡is¡¡not¡¡that¡¡of¡¡¡¡union¡¡and¡¡harmony£»¡¡but¡¡that¡¡of¡¡antagonism£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡grave¡¡detriment¡¡¡¡of¡¡both¡¡religion¡¡and¡¡civilization¡£
It¡¡is¡¡impossible£»¡¡even¡¡if¡¡it¡¡were¡¡desirable£»¡¡to¡¡restore¡¡the¡¡¡¡mixture¡¡of¡¡civil¡¡and¡¡ecclesiastical¡¡governm