the american republic-µÚ58½Ú
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
¡¡The¡¡plebs£»¡¡though¡¡outside¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡political¡¡people¡¡proper£»¡¡as¡¡not¡¡being¡¡included¡¡in¡¡the¡¡¡¡three¡¡tribes£»¡¡when¡¡they¡¡came¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡395¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡in¡¡the¡¡republic¡¡under¡¡¡¡the¡¡emperors£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡old¡¡distinction¡¡of¡¡plebs¡¡and¡¡patricians¡¡was¡¡¡¡forgotten£»¡¡were¡¡an¡¡estate£»¡¡and¡¡not¡¡a¡¡local¡¡or¡¡territorial¡¡people¡£
The¡¡republican¡¡element¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡the¡¡land£»¡¡which¡¡gave¡¡¡¡the¡¡right¡¡to¡¡participate¡¡in¡¡political¡¡power£»¡¡was¡¡the¡¡domain¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡state£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡tenant¡¡held¡¡it¡¡from¡¡the¡¡state¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡domain¡¡was¡¡¡¡vested¡¡in¡¡the¡¡state£»¡¡not¡¡in¡¡the¡¡senator¡¡nor¡¡the¡¡prince£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡¡¡therefore¡¡respublica£»¡¡not¡¡private¡¡propertythe¡¡first¡¡grand¡¡leap¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡human¡¡race¡¡from¡¡barbarism¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡all¡¡other¡¡respects¡¡the¡¡¡¡Roman¡¡constitution¡¡was¡¡no¡¡more¡¡republican¡¡than¡¡the¡¡feudal¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Athens¡¡went¡¡farther¡¡than¡¡Rome£»¡¡and¡¡introduced¡¡the¡¡principle¡¡of¡¡¡¡territorial¡¡democracy¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡division¡¡into¡¡demes¡¡or¡¡wards£»¡¡whence¡¡¡¡comes¡¡the¡¡word¡¡democracy£»¡¡was¡¡a¡¡real¡¡territorial¡¡division£»¡¡not¡¡¡¡personal¡¡nor¡¡genealogical¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡if¡¡the¡¡equality¡¡of¡¡all¡¡men¡¡was¡¡¡¡not¡¡recognized£»¡¡all¡¡who¡¡were¡¡included¡¡in¡¡the¡¡political¡¡class¡¡¡¡stood¡¡on¡¡the¡¡same¡¡footing¡£¡¡¡¡Athens¡¡and¡¡other¡¡Greek¡¡cities£»¡¡though¡¡¡¡conquered¡¡by¡¡Rome£»¡¡exerted¡¡after¡¡their¡¡conquest¡¡a¡¡powerful¡¡¡¡influence¡¡on¡¡Roman¡¡civilization£»¡¡which¡¡became¡¡far¡¡more¡¡democratic¡¡¡¡under¡¡the¡¡emperors¡¡than¡¡it¡¡had¡¡been¡¡under¡¡the¡¡patrician¡¡senate£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡the¡¡assassins¡¡of¡¡Julius¡¡Caesar£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡superannuated¡¡¡¡conservative¡¡party¡¡they¡¡396¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡represented£»¡¡tried¡¡so¡¡hard¡¡to¡¡preserve¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡senate¡¡and¡¡the¡¡consulship¡¡were¡¡opened¡¡to¡¡the¡¡representatives¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡great¡¡plebeian¡¡houses£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡provincials¡¡were¡¡clothed¡¡¡¡with¡¡the¡¡rights¡¡of¡¡Roman¡¡citizens£»¡¡and¡¡uniform¡¡laws¡¡were¡¡¡¡established¡¡throughout¡¡the¡¡empire¡£
The¡¡grand¡¡error£»¡¡as¡¡has¡¡already¡¡been¡¡said£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Graeco¡Roman¡¡or¡¡¡¡gentile¡¡civilization£»¡¡was¡¡in¡¡its¡¡denial¡¡or¡¡ignorance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡unity¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡human¡¡race£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡the¡¡Unity¡¡of¡¡God£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡its¡¡¡¡including¡¡in¡¡the¡¡state¡¡only¡¡a¡¡particular¡¡class¡¡of¡¡the¡¡territorial¡¡¡¡people£»¡¡while¡¡it¡¡held¡¡all¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡as¡¡slaves£»¡¡though¡¡in¡¡different¡¡¡¡degrees¡¡of¡¡servitude¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡recognized¡¡and¡¡sustained¡¡a¡¡privileged¡¡¡¡class£»¡¡a¡¡ruling¡¡order£»¡¡and¡¡if£»¡¡as¡¡subsequently¡¡did¡¡the¡¡Venetian¡¡¡¡aristocracy£»¡¡it¡¡recognized¡¡democratic¡¡equality¡¡within¡¡that¡¡order£»¡¡¡¡it¡¡held¡¡all¡¡outside¡¡of¡¡it¡¡to¡¡be¡¡less¡¡than¡¡men¡¡and¡¡without¡¡¡¡political¡¡rights¡£¡¡¡¡Practically£»¡¡power¡¡was¡¡an¡¡attribute¡¡of¡¡birth¡¡¡¡and¡¡of¡¡private¡¡wealth¡£¡¡¡¡Suffrage¡¡was¡¡almost¡¡universal¡¡among¡¡¡¡freemen£»¡¡but¡¡down¡¡almost¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Empire£»¡¡the¡¡people¡¡voted¡¡by¡¡¡¡orders£»¡¡and¡¡were¡¡counted£»¡¡not¡¡numerically£»¡¡but¡¡by¡¡the¡¡rank¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡order£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡comitia¡¡curiata¡¡could¡¡always¡¡carry¡¡the¡¡election¡¡¡¡over¡¡the¡¡comitia¡¡centuriata£»¡¡and¡¡thus¡¡power¡¡remained¡¡always¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡hands¡¡of¡¡the¡¡rich¡¡and¡¡noble¡¡few¡£
The¡¡Roman¡¡Law£»¡¡as¡¡digested¡¡by¡¡jurists¡¡under¡¡397¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Justinian¡¡in¡¡the¡¡¡¡sixth¡¡Century£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡recognizes¡¡the¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡race£»¡¡asserts¡¡¡¡the¡¡equality¡¡of¡¡all¡¡men¡¡by¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡law£»¡¡and¡¡undertakes¡¡to¡¡¡¡defend¡¡slavery¡¡on¡¡principles¡¡not¡¡incompatible¡¡with¡¡that¡¡equality¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡represents¡¡it¡¡as¡¡a¡¡commutation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡punishment¡¡of¡¡death£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡the¡¡emperor¡¡has¡¡the¡¡right¡¡to¡¡inflict¡¡on¡¡captives¡¡taken¡¡in¡¡¡¡war£»¡¡to¡¡perpetual¡¡servitude£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡servitude¡¡is¡¡less¡¡severe¡¡than¡¡¡¡death£»¡¡slavery¡¡was¡¡really¡¡a¡¡proof¡¡of¡¡imperial¡¡clemency¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡it¡¡¡¡has¡¡never¡¡yet¡¡been¡¡proved¡¡that¡¡the¡¡emperor¡¡has¡¡the¡¡right¡¡under¡¡¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡law¡¡to¡¡put¡¡captives¡¡taken¡¡even¡¡in¡¡a¡¡just¡¡war¡¡to¡¡¡¡death£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Roman¡¡poet¡¡himself¡¡bids¡¡us¡¡¡¨humble¡¡the¡¡proud£»¡¡but¡¡¡¡spare¡¡the¡¡submissive¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡In¡¡a¡¡just¡¡war¡¡the¡¡emperor¡¡may¡¡kill¡¡on¡¡the¡¡¡¡battle¡field¡¡those¡¡in¡¡arms¡¡against¡¡him£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡jus¡¡gentium£»¡¡as¡¡¡¡now¡¡interpreted¡¡by¡¡the¡¡jurisprudence¡¡of¡¡every¡¡civilized¡¡nation£»¡¡¡¡does¡¡not¡¡allow¡¡him¡¡to¡¡put¡¡them¡¡to¡¡death¡¡after¡¡they¡¡have¡¡ceased¡¡¡¡resistance£»¡¡have¡¡thrown¡¡down¡¡their¡¡arms£»¡¡and¡¡surrendered¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡even¡¡if¡¡it¡¡did£»¡¡it¡¡gives¡¡him¡¡a¡¡right¡¡only¡¡over¡¡the¡¡persons¡¡¡¡captured£»¡¡not¡¡over¡¡their¡¡innocent¡¡children£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡no¡¡¡¡right¡¡to¡¡establish¡¡hereditary¡¡slavery£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡child¡¡is¡¡not¡¡¡¡punishable¡¡for¡¡the¡¡offences¡¡of¡¡the¡¡parent¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡law£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡¡¡assumed¡¡that¡¡the¡¡captive¡¡ceased¡¡to¡¡exist¡¡as¡¡a¡¡person¡¡and¡¡treated¡¡¡¡him¡¡as¡¡a¡¡thing£»¡¡or¡¡mere¡¡property¡¡398¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡conqueror£»¡¡and¡¡being¡¡¡¡property£»¡¡he¡¡could¡¡beget¡¡only¡¡property£»¡¡which¡¡would¡¡accrue¡¡only¡¡¡¡to¡¡his¡¡owner¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡power¡¡in¡¡heaven¡¡or¡¡earth¡¡that¡¡can¡¡¡¡make¡¡a¡¡person¡¡a¡¡thing£»¡¡a¡¡mere¡¡piece¡¡of¡¡merchandise£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡¡¡only¡¡by¡¡a¡¡clumsy¡¡fiction£»¡¡or¡¡rather¡¡by¡¡a¡¡bare¡faced¡¡lie£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡¡¡law¡¡denies¡¡the¡¡slave¡¡his¡¡personality¡¡and¡¡treats¡¡him¡¡as¡¡a¡¡thing¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡the¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡all¡¡men¡¡had¡¡been¡¡clearly¡¡seen¡¡and¡¡vividly¡¡felt£»¡¡¡¡the¡¡law¡¡would¡¡never¡¡have¡¡attempted¡¡to¡¡justify¡¡perpetual¡¡slavery¡¡¡¡on¡¡the¡¡ground¡¡of¡¡its¡¡penal¡¡character£»¡¡or¡¡indeed¡¡on¡¡any¡¡ground¡¡¡¡whatever¡£¡¡¡¡All¡¡men¡¡are¡¡born¡¡under¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡nature¡¡with¡¡equal¡¡¡¡rights£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡civil¡¡law¡¡can¡¡justly¡¡deprive¡¡no¡¡man¡¡of¡¡his¡¡¡¡liberty£»¡¡but¡¡for¡¡a¡¡crime£»¡¡committed¡¡by¡¡him¡¡personally£»¡¡that¡¡¡¡justly¡¡forfeits¡¡his¡¡liberty¡¡to¡¡society¡£
These¡¡defects¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Graeco¡Roman¡¡civilization¡¡the¡¡European¡¡¡¡nations¡¡have¡¡in¡¡part¡¡remedied£»¡¡and¡¡may¡¡completely¡¡remedy¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡can¡¡carry¡¡out¡¡practically¡¡the¡¡Christian¡¡dogma¡¡of¡¡the¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡human¡¡race£»¡¡abolish¡¡slavery¡¡in¡¡every¡¡form£»¡¡make¡¡all¡¡men¡¡equal¡¡¡¡before¡¡the¡¡law£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡political¡¡people¡¡commensurate¡¡with¡¡the¡¡¡¡territorial¡¡people¡£¡¡¡¡Indeed£»¡¡France¡¡has¡¡already¡¡done¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡She¡¡has¡¡¡¡abolished¡¡slavery£»¡¡villenage£»¡¡serfage£»¡¡political¡¡aristocracy£»¡¡¡¡asserted¡¡the¡¡equality¡¡of¡¡all¡¡men¡¡before¡¡the¡¡law£»¡¡vindicated¡¡the¡¡399¡¡sovereignty¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people£»¡¡and¡¡established¡¡universal¡¡suffrage£»¡¡¡¡complete¡¡social¡¡and¡¡territorial¡¡democracy¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡other¡¡nations¡¡may¡¡¡¡do¡¡as¡¡much£»¡¡but¡¡hardly¡¡can¡¡any¡¡of¡¡them¡¡do¡¡more¡¡or¡¡advance¡¡¡¡farther¡£¡¡¡¡Yet¡¡in¡¡France£»¡¡territorial¡¡democracy¡¡the¡¡most¡¡complete¡¡¡¡results¡¡only¡¡in¡¡establishing¡¡the¡¡most¡¡complete¡¡imperial¡¡¡¡centralism£»¡¡usually¡¡called¡¡Caesarism¡£
The¡¡imperial¡¡constitution¡¡of¡¡France¡¡recognizes¡¡that¡¡the¡¡emperor¡¡¡¡reigns¡¡¡¨by¡¡the¡¡grace¡¡of¡¡God¡¡and¡¡the¡¡will¡¡of¡¡the¡¡nation£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡¡¡therefore£»¡¡that¡¡by¡¡the¡¡grace¡¡of¡¡God¡¡and¡¡the¡¡will¡¡of¡¡the¡¡nation¡¡he¡¡¡¡may¡¡cease¡¡to¡¡reign£»¡¡but¡¡while¡¡he¡¡reigns¡¡he¡¡is¡¡supreme£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡¡¡will¡¡is¡¡law¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡constitution¡¡imposes¡¡no¡¡real¡¡or¡¡effective¡¡¡¡restraint¡¡on¡¡his¡¡power£º¡¡while¡¡he¡¡sits¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡throne¡¡he¡¡is¡¡¡¡practically¡¡France£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡ministers¡¡are¡¡his¡¡clerks£»¡¡the¡¡council¡¡¡¡of¡¡state£»¡¡the¡¡senate£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡legislative¡¡body¡¡are¡¡merely¡¡his¡¡¡¡agents¡¡in¡¡governing¡¡the¡¡nation¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡may£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡be¡¡changed£»¡¡¡¡but¡¡only¡¡to¡¡substitute¡¡for¡¡imperial¡¡centralism¡¡democratic¡¡¡¡centralism£»¡¡which¡¡were¡¡no¡¡improvement£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡go¡¡back¡¡to¡¡the¡¡¡¡system¡¡of¡¡antagonisms£»¡¡checks¡¡and¡¡balances£»¡¡called¡¡¡¡constitutionalism£»¡¡or¡¡parliamentary¡¡government£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡Great¡¡¡¡Britain¡¡is¡¡the¡¡model£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡were¡¡a¡¡return¡¡toward¡¡barbarism£»¡¡¡¡or¡¡mediaeval¡¡feudalism¡£
400¡¡The¡¡human¡¡race¡¡has¡¡its¡¡life¡¡in¡¡God£»¡¡and¡¡tends¡¡to¡¡realize¡¡in¡¡all¡¡¡¡orders¡¡the¡¡Divine¡¡Word¡¡or¡¡Logos£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡Ionic¡¡itself£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡¡¡principle¡¡of¡¡all¡¡conciliation£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡dialectic¡¡union¡¡of¡¡all¡¡¡¡opposites¡¡or¡¡extremes¡£¡¡¡¡Mankind¡¡will¡¡be¡¡logical£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡worst¡¡of¡¡¡¡all¡¡tyrannies¡¡is¡¡that¡¡which¡¡forbids¡¡them¡¡to¡¡draw¡¡from¡¡their¡¡¡¡principles¡¡their¡¡last¡¡logical¡¡consequences£»¡¡or¡¡that¡¡prohibits¡¡¡¡them¡¡the¡¡free¡¡explication¡¡and¡¡application¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Divine¡¡Idea£»¡¡in¡¡¡¡which¡¡consists¡¡their¡¡life£»¡¡their¡¡progress¡£¡¡¡¡Such¡¡tyranny¡¡strikes¡¡¡¡at¡¡the¡¡very¡¡existence¡¡of¡¡society£»¡¡and¡¡wars¡¡against¡¡the¡¡reality¡¡of¡¡¡¡things¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡supremely¡¡sophistical£»¡¡and¡¡its¡¡success¡¡is¡¡death£»¡¡¡¡for¡¡the¡¡universe¡¡in¡¡its¡¡constitution¡¡is¡¡supremely¡¡logical£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡man£»¡¡individually¡¡and¡¡socially£»¡¡is¡¡rational¡£¡¡¡¡God¡¡is¡¡the¡¡author¡¡¡¡and¡¡type¡¡of¡¡all¡¡created¡¡things£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡creatures£»¡¡each¡¡in¡¡its¡¡¡¡order£»¡¡imitate¡¡or¡¡copies¡¡the¡¡Divine¡¡Being£»¡¡who¡¡is¡¡intrinsically¡¡¡¡Father£»¡¡Son£»¡¡and¡¡Holy¡¡Ghost£»¡¡principle£»¡¡medium£»¡¡and¡¡end¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡Son¡¡¡¡or¡¡Word¡¡is¡¡the¡¡medium£»¡¡which¡¡unites¡¡the¡¡two¡¡extremes£»¡¡whence¡¡God¡¡¡¡is¡¡living¡¡God¡¡a¡¡real£»¡¡active£»¡¡living¡¡Beingliving£»¡¡concrete£»¡¡not¡¡¡¡abstract¡¡or¡¡dead¡¡unity£»¡¡like¡¡the¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡old¡¡Xenophanes£»¡¡¡¡Plotinus£»¡¡and¡¡Proclus¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡Holy¡¡Trinity¡¡is¡¡the¡¡principle¡¡and¡¡¡¡prototype¡¡of¡¡all¡¡society£»¡¡and¡¡what¡¡is¡¡called¡¡the¡¡solidarity¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡race¡¡is¡¡only¡¡the¡¡outward¡¡401¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡expression£»¡¡or¡¡copy¡¡in¡¡the¡¡external¡¡¡¡order£»¡¡of¡¡what¡¡theologians¡¡term¡¡the¡¡circumsession¡¡of¡¡the¡¡three¡¡¡¡Divine¡¡Persons¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Godhead¡£
Now£»¡¡human¡¡society£»¡¡when¡¡it¡¡copies¡¡the¡¡Divine¡¡essence¡¡and¡¡nature¡¡¡¡either¡¡in¡¡the¡¡distinction¡¡of¡¡persons¡¡alone£»¡¡or¡¡in¡¡the¡¡unity¡¡¡¡alone£»¡¡is¡¡sophistical£»¡¡and¡¡wants¡¡the¡¡principle¡¡of¡¡all¡¡life¡¡and¡¡¡¡reality¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡sins¡¡against¡¡God¡£¡¡and¡¡must¡¡fail¡¡of¡¡its¡¡end¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡English¡¡system£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡based¡¡on¡¡antagonistic¡¡elements£»¡¡on¡¡¡¡opposites£»¡¡without¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡term¡¡that¡¡conciliates¡¡them£»¡¡unites¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡makes¡¡them¡¡dialectically¡¡one£»¡¡copies¡¡the¡¡Divine¡¡model¡¡¡¡in¡¡its¡¡distinctions¡¡alone£»¡¡which£»¡¡considered¡¡alone£»¡¡are¡¡opposites¡¡¡¡or¡¡contraries¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡denies£»¡¡if¡¡Englishmen¡¡could¡¡but¡¡see¡¡it£»¡¡the¡¡¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡God¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡French£»¡¡or¡¡imperial¡¡system£»¡¡which¡¡excludes¡¡the¡¡¡¡extremes£»¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡uniting¡¡them£»¡¡denies¡¡all¡¡opposites£»¡¡instead¡¡¡¡of¡¡conciliating¡¡themdenies¡¡the¡¡distinctions¡¡in¡¡the¡¡model£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡copies¡¡only¡¡the¡¡unity£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡the¡¡supreme¡¡sophism¡¡called¡¡¡¡pantheism¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡English¡¡constitution¡¡has¡¡no¡¡middle¡¡term£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡¡¡French¡¡no¡¡extremes£»¡¡and¡¡each¡¡in¡¡its¡¡way¡¡denies¡¡the¡¡Divine¡¡¡¡Trinity£»¡¡the¡¡original¡¡basis¡¡and¡¡type¡¡of¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡human¡¡¡¡race¡¡can¡¡be¡¡contented¡¡with¡¡neither£»¡¡