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It¡¡is¡¡objected¡¡to£»¡¡this¡¡conclusion¡¡that¡¡the¡¡States¡¡were£»¡¡prior¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡Union£»¡¡independent¡¡sovereign¡¡States£»¡¡and¡¡secession¡¡would¡¡not¡¡¡¡destroy¡¡the¡¡State£»¡¡but¡¡restore¡¡it¡¡to¡¡its¡¡original¡¡sovereignty¡¡and¡¡¡¡independence£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡secessionists¡¡maintain¡£¡¡¡¡Certainly£»¡¡if¡¡the¡¡¡¡States¡¡were£»¡¡Prior¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Union£»¡¡sovereign¡¡States£»¡¡but¡¡this¡¡is¡¡¡¡precisely¡¡what¡¡has¡¡been¡¡denied¡¡and¡¡disproved£»¡¡for¡¡prior¡¡to¡¡the¡¡¡¡Union¡¡there¡¡were¡¡no¡¡States¡£¡¡¡¡Secession¡¡restores£»¡¡or¡¡reduces£»¡¡¡¡rather£»¡¡the¡¡State¡¡to¡¡the¡¡condition¡¡it¡¡was¡¡in¡¡before¡¡its¡¡admission¡¡¡¡into¡¡the¡¡Union£»¡¡but¡¡that¡¡condition¡¡292¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡that¡¡of¡¡Territory£»¡¡or¡¡a¡¡¡¡Territory¡¡subject¡¡to¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡and¡¡not¡¡that¡¡of¡¡an¡¡¡¡independent¡¡sovereign¡¡state¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡State¡¡holds¡¡all¡¡its¡¡political¡¡¡¡rights¡¡and¡¡powers¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Union¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Union£»¡¡and¡¡has¡¡none¡¡out¡¡¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡or¡¡in¡¡the¡¡condition¡¡in¡¡which¡¡its¡¡population¡¡and¡¡domain¡¡¡¡were¡¡before¡¡being¡¡a¡¡State¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Union¡£

State¡¡suicide£»¡¡it¡¡has¡¡been¡¡urged£»¡¡releases¡¡its¡¡population¡¡and¡¡¡¡territory¡¡from¡¡their¡¡allegiance¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Union£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡¡¡rebellion¡¡where¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡allegiance£»¡¡resistance¡¡by¡¡its¡¡¡¡population¡¡and¡¡territory¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Union£»¡¡even¡¡war¡¡against¡¡the¡¡¡¡Union£»¡¡would¡¡not¡¡be¡¡rebellion£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡simple¡¡assertion¡¡of¡¡¡¡popular¡¡sovereignty¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡only¡¡the¡¡same¡¡objection¡¡in¡¡another¡¡¡¡form¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡lapse¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State¡¡releases¡¡the¡¡population¡¡and¡¡¡¡territory¡¡from¡¡no¡¡allegiance¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Union£»¡¡for¡¡their¡¡allegiance¡¡¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Union¡¡was¡¡not¡¡contracted¡¡by¡¡their¡¡becoming¡¡a¡¡State£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡they¡¡have¡¡never¡¡in¡¡their¡¡State¡¡character¡¡owed¡¡allegiance¡¡to¡¡the¡¡¡¡United¡¡States¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡State¡¡owes¡¡no¡¡allegiance¡¡to¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡¡¡for¡¡it¡¡is¡¡one¡¡of¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡jointly¡¡sovereign¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡relation¡¡¡¡between¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡and¡¡the¡¡State¡¡is¡¡not¡¡the¡¡relation¡¡of¡¡¡¡suzerain¡¡and¡¡liegeman¡¡or¡¡vassal¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡State¡¡owes¡¡no¡¡allegiance£»¡¡for¡¡¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡subject¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Union£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡never¡¡in¡¡their¡¡State¡¡¡¡capacity¡¡that¡¡its¡¡population¡¡and¡¡territory¡¡do¡¡or¡¡293¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡rebel¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Hence£»¡¡the¡¡Government¡¡has¡¡steadily¡¡denied¡¡that£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡late¡¡¡¡rebellion£»¡¡any¡¡State¡¡as¡¡such¡¡rebelled¡£

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The¡¡secession¡¡ordinances¡¡are¡¡void£»¡¡because¡¡they¡¡were¡¡never¡¡passed¡¡¡¡by¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State£»¡¡but¡¡by¡¡a¡¡faction¡¡that¡¡overawed¡¡them¡¡¡¡and¡¡usurped¡¡the¡¡authority¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡argument¡¡implies¡¡¡¡that£»¡¡if¡¡a¡¡secession¡¡ordinance¡¡is¡¡passed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡people¡¡proper¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡State£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡valid£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡more¡¡than¡¡they¡¡who¡¡urge¡¡it¡¡¡¡against¡¡the¡¡State¡¡suicide¡¡doctrine¡¡are¡¡prepared¡¡to¡¡concede¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡the¡¡secession¡¡ordinances¡¡were¡¡in¡¡every¡¡instance¡¡passed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡¡¡people¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State¡¡in¡¡convention¡¡legally¡¡assembled£»¡¡therefore¡¡by¡¡¡¡them¡¡in¡¡their¡¡highest¡¡State¡¡capacityin¡¡the¡¡same¡¡capacity¡¡in¡¡¡¡which¡¡they¡¡ordain¡¡and¡¡ratify¡¡the¡¡State¡¡constitution¡¡itself£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡in¡¡nearly¡¡all¡¡the¡¡States¡¡they¡¡were¡¡in¡¡addition¡¡ratified¡¡and¡¡¡¡confirmed£»¡¡if¡¡the¡¡facts¡¡have¡¡been¡¡correctly¡¡reported£»¡¡by¡¡a¡¡¡¡genuine¡¡plebiscitum£»¡¡or¡¡direct¡¡vote¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡all¡¡cases¡¡¡¡they¡¡were¡¡adopted¡¡by¡¡a¡¡decided¡¡majority¡¡of¡¡the¡¡political¡¡people¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State£»¡¡and¡¡after¡¡their¡¡adoption¡¡they¡¡were¡¡295¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡acquiesced¡¡in¡¡¡¡and¡¡indeed¡¡actively¡¡supported¡¡by¡¡very¡¡nearly¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡people¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡people¡¡of¡¡the¡¡States¡¡adopting¡¡the¡¡secession¡¡ordinances¡¡were¡¡¡¡far¡¡more¡¡unanimous¡¡in¡¡supporting¡¡secession¡¡than¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡other¡¡States¡¡were¡¡in¡¡sustaining¡¡the¡¡Government¡¡in¡¡its¡¡efforts¡¡to¡¡suppress¡¡the¡¡rebellion¡¡by¡¡coercive¡¡measures¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡will¡¡not¡¡do£»¡¡¡¡then£»¡¡to¡¡ascribe¡¡the¡¡secession¡¡ordinances¡¡to¡¡a¡¡faction¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡people¡¡are¡¡never¡¡a¡¡faction£»¡¡nor¡¡is¡¡a¡¡faction¡¡ever¡¡the¡¡majority¡£

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