the american republic-µÚ11½Ú
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
ional¡¡right£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡cannot¡¡come¡¡into¡¡play¡¡¡¡before¡¡the¡¡convention¡¡is¡¡completed£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡social¡¡compact¡¡is¡¡¡¡framed¡¡and¡¡accepted¡£¡¡¡¡How£»¡¡in¡¡settling¡¡the¡¡terms¡¡of¡¡the¡¡compact£»¡¡¡¡will¡¡you¡¡proceed£¿¡¡¡¡By¡¡majorities£¿¡¡¡¡But¡¡suppose¡¡a¡¡minority¡¡¡¡objects£»¡¡and¡¡demands¡¡two¡thirds£»¡¡three¡fourths£»¡¡or¡¡four¡fifths£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡votes¡¡against¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡rule£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡carried¡¡only¡¡by¡¡a¡¡¡¡simple¡¡plurality¡¡of¡¡votes£»¡¡will¡¡the¡¡proceedings¡¡of¡¡the¡¡convention¡¡¡¡bind¡¡the¡¡dissenting¡¡minority£¿¡¡62¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡What¡¡gives¡¡to¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡the¡¡¡¡right¡¡to¡¡govern¡¡the¡¡minority¡¡who¡¡dissent¡¡from¡¡its¡¡action£¿
On¡¡the¡¡supposition¡¡that¡¡society¡¡has¡¡rights¡¡not¡¡derived¡¡from¡¡¡¡individuals£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡are¡¡intrusted¡¡to¡¡the¡¡government£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡¡¡a¡¡good¡¡reason¡¡why¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡should¡¡prevail¡¡within¡¡the¡¡¡¡legitimate¡¡sphere¡¡of¡¡government£»¡¡because¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡is¡¡the¡¡best¡¡¡¡representative¡¡practicable¡¡of¡¡society¡¡itself£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡the¡¡¡¡constitution¡¡secures¡¡to¡¡minorities¡¡and¡¡dissenting¡¡individuals¡¡¡¡their¡¡natural¡¡rights¡¡and¡¡their¡¡equal¡¡rights¡¡as¡¡citizens£»¡¡they¡¡¡¡have¡¡no¡¡just¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡complaint£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡in¡¡such¡¡case¡¡¡¡has¡¡no¡¡power¡¡to¡¡tyrannize¡¡over¡¡them¡¡or¡¡to¡¡oppress¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡¡¡theory¡¡under¡¡examination¡¡denies¡¡that¡¡society¡¡has¡¡any¡¡rights¡¡¡¡except¡¡such¡¡as¡¡it¡¡derives¡¡from¡¡individuals¡¡who¡¡all¡¡have¡¡equal¡¡¡¡rights¡£¡¡¡¡According¡¡to¡¡it£»¡¡society¡¡is¡¡itself¡¡conventional£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡created¡¡by¡¡free£»¡¡independent£»¡¡equal£»¡¡sovereign¡¡individuals¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Society¡¡is¡¡a¡¡congress¡¡of¡¡sovereigns£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡no¡¡one¡¡has¡¡¡¡authority¡¡over¡¡another£»¡¡and¡¡no¡¡one¡¡can¡¡be¡¡rightfully¡¡forced¡¡to¡¡¡¡submit¡¡to¡¡any¡¡decree¡¡against¡¡his¡¡will¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡such¡¡a¡¡congress¡¡the¡¡¡¡rule¡¡of¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡is¡¡manifestly¡¡improper£»¡¡illegitimate£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡invalid£»¡¡unless¡¡adopted¡¡by¡¡unanimous¡¡consent¡£
But¡¡this¡¡is¡¡not¡¡all¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡individual¡¡is¡¡always¡¡the¡¡equal¡¡of¡¡¡¡himself£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡the¡¡government¡¡63¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡derives¡¡its¡¡powers¡¡from¡¡the¡¡¡¡consent¡¡of¡¡the¡¡governed£»¡¡he¡¡governs¡¡in¡¡the¡¡government£»¡¡and¡¡parts¡¡¡¡with¡¡none¡¡of¡¡his¡¡original¡¡sovereignty¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡government¡¡is¡¡not¡¡his¡¡¡¡master£»¡¡but¡¡his¡¡agent£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡principal¡¡only¡¡delegates£»¡¡not¡¡¡¡surrenders£»¡¡his¡¡rights¡¡and¡¡powers¡¡to¡¡the¡¡agent¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡is¡¡free¡¡at¡¡¡¡any¡¡time¡¡he¡¡pleases¡¡to¡¡recall¡¡the¡¡powers¡¡he¡¡has¡¡delegated£»¡¡to¡¡¡¡give¡¡new¡¡instructions£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡dismiss¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡sovereignty¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡individual¡¡survives¡¡the¡¡compact£»¡¡and¡¡persists¡¡through¡¡all¡¡the¡¡¡¡acts¡¡of¡¡his¡¡agent£»¡¡the¡¡government¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡must£»¡¡then£»¡¡be¡¡free¡¡to¡¡¡¡withdraw¡¡from¡¡the¡¡compact¡¡whenever¡¡be¡¡judges¡¡it¡¡advisable¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Secession¡¡is¡¡perfectly¡¡legitimate¡¡if¡¡government¡¡is¡¡simply¡¡a¡¡¡¡contract¡¡between¡¡equals¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡disaffected£»¡¡the¡¡criminal£»¡¡the¡¡¡¡thief¡¡the¡¡government¡¡would¡¡send¡¡to¡¡prison£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡murderer¡¡it¡¡¡¡would¡¡hang£»¡¡would¡¡be¡¡very¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡revoke¡¡his¡¡consent£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡¡¡secede¡¡from¡¡the¡¡state¡£¡¡¡¡Any¡¡number¡¡of¡¡individuals¡¡large¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡¡¡count¡¡a¡¡majority¡¡among¡¡themselves£»¡¡indisposed¡¡to¡¡pay¡¡the¡¡¡¡government¡¡taxes£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡perform¡¡the¡¡military¡¡service¡¡exacted£»¡¡¡¡might¡¡hold¡¡a¡¡convention£»¡¡adopt¡¡a¡¡secession¡¡ordinance£»¡¡and¡¡declare¡¡¡¡themselves¡¡a¡¡free£»¡¡independent£»¡¡sovereign¡¡state£»¡¡and¡¡bid¡¡defiance¡¡¡¡to¡¡the¡¡tax¡collector¡¡and¡¡the¡¡provost¡marshall£»¡¡and¡¡that£»¡¡too£»¡¡¡¡without¡¡forfeiting¡¡their¡¡estates¡¡or¡¡changing¡¡their¡¡domicile¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Would¡¡64¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡government¡¡employ¡¡military¡¡force¡¡to¡¡coerce¡¡them¡¡back¡¡to¡¡¡¡their¡¡allegiance£¿¡¡¡¡By¡¡what¡¡right£¿¡¡¡¡Government¡¡is¡¡their¡¡agent£»¡¡¡¡their¡¡creature£»¡¡and¡¡no¡¡man¡¡owes¡¡allegiance¡¡to¡¡his¡¡own¡¡agent£»¡¡or¡¡¡¡creature¡£
The¡¡compact¡¡could¡¡bind¡¡only¡¡temporarily£»¡¡and¡¡could¡¡at¡¡any¡¡moment¡¡¡¡be¡¡dissolved¡£¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Jefferson¡¡saw¡¡this£»¡¡and¡¡very¡¡consistently¡¡¡¡maintained¡¡that¡¡one¡¡generation¡¡has¡¡no¡¡power¡¡to¡¡bind¡¡another£»¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡as¡¡if¡¡this¡¡was¡¡not¡¡enough£»¡¡he¡¡asserted¡¡the¡¡right¡¡of¡¡revolution£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡gave¡¡it¡¡as¡¡his¡¡opinion¡¡that¡¡in¡¡every¡¡nation¡¡a¡¡revolution¡¡once¡¡¡¡in¡¡every¡¡generation¡¡is¡¡desirable£»¡¡that¡¡is£»¡¡according¡¡to¡¡his¡¡¡¡reckoning£»¡¡once¡¡every¡¡nineteen¡¡years¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡doctrine¡¡that¡¡one¡¡¡¡generation¡¡has¡¡no¡¡power¡¡to¡¡bind¡¡its¡¡successor¡¡is¡¡not¡¡only¡¡a¡¡¡¡logical¡¡conclusion¡¡from¡¡the¡¡theory¡¡that¡¡governments¡¡derive¡¡their¡¡¡¡just¡¡powers¡¡from¡¡the¡¡consent¡¡of¡¡the¡¡governed£»¡¡since¡¡a¡¡generation¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡give¡¡its¡¡consent¡¡before¡¡it¡¡is¡¡born£»¡¡but¡¡is¡¡very¡¡convenient¡¡¡¡for¡¡a¡¡nation¡¡that¡¡has¡¡contracted¡¡a¡¡large¡¡national¡¡debt£»¡¡yet£»¡¡¡¡perhaps£»¡¡not¡¡so¡¡convenient¡¡to¡¡the¡¡public¡¡creditor£»¡¡since¡¡the¡¡new¡¡¡¡generation¡¡may¡¡take¡¡it¡¡into¡¡its¡¡head¡¡not¡¡to¡¡assume¡¡or¡¡discharge¡¡¡¡the¡¡obligations¡¡of¡¡its¡¡predecessor£»¡¡but¡¡to¡¡repudiate¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡No¡¡¡¡man£»¡¡certainly£»¡¡can¡¡contract¡¡for¡¡any¡¡one¡¡but¡¡himself£»¡¡and¡¡how¡¡¡¡then¡¡can¡¡the¡¡son¡¡be¡¡bound£»¡¡without¡¡his¡¡own¡¡personal¡¡or¡¡65¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡individual¡¡¡¡consent£»¡¡freely¡¡given£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡obligations¡¡entered¡¡into¡¡by¡¡his¡¡¡¡father£¿
The¡¡social¡¡compact¡¡is¡¡necessarily¡¡limited¡¡to¡¡the¡¡individuals¡¡who¡¡¡¡form¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡necessarily£»¡¡unless¡¡renewed£»¡¡expires¡¡with¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡thus¡¡creates¡¡no¡¡state£»¡¡no¡¡political¡¡corporation£»¡¡which¡¡¡¡survives¡¡in¡¡all¡¡its¡¡rights¡¡and¡¡powers£»¡¡though¡¡individuals¡¡die¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡state¡¡is¡¡on¡¡this¡¡theory¡¡a¡¡voluntary¡¡association£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡¡¡principle£»¡¡except¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡a¡¡secret¡¡society£»¡¡in¡¡no¡¡respect¡¡¡¡differs¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Carbonari£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡Knights¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Golden¡¡Circle¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡Orsini¡¡attempted¡¡to¡¡execute¡¡the¡¡sentence¡¡of¡¡death¡¡on¡¡the¡¡¡¡Emperor¡¡of¡¡the¡¡French£»¡¡in¡¡obedience¡¡to¡¡the¡¡order¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡Carbonari£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡the¡¡Emperor¡¡was¡¡a¡¡member£»¡¡he¡¡was£»¡¡if¡¡the¡¡¡¡theory¡¡of¡¡the¡¡origin¡¡of¡¡government¡¡in¡¡compact¡¡be¡¡true£»¡¡no¡¡more¡¡an¡¡¡¡assassin¡¡than¡¡was¡¡the¡¡officer¡¡who¡¡executed¡¡on¡¡the¡¡gallows¡¡the¡¡¡¡rebel¡¡spies¡¡and¡¡incendiaries¡¡Beal¡¡and¡¡Kennedy¡£
Certain¡¡it¡¡is¡¡that¡¡the¡¡alleged¡¡social¡¡compact¡¡has¡¡in¡¡it¡¡no¡¡social¡¡¡¡or¡¡civil¡¡element¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡does¡¡not¡¡and¡¡cannot¡¡create¡¡society¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡can¡¡¡¡give¡¡only¡¡an¡¡aggregation¡¡of¡¡individuals£»¡¡and¡¡society¡¡is¡¡not¡¡an¡¡¡¡aggregation¡¡nor¡¡even¡¡an¡¡organization¡¡of¡¡individuals¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡an¡¡¡¡organism£»¡¡and¡¡individuals¡¡live¡¡in¡¡its¡¡life¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡it¡¡in¡¡¡¡theirs¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡is¡¡a¡¡real¡¡living¡¡solidarity£»¡¡which¡¡makes¡¡¡¡individuals¡¡members¡¡of¡¡the¡¡social¡¡body£»¡¡and¡¡members¡¡one¡¡66¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡another¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡society¡¡without¡¡individuals£»¡¡and¡¡there¡¡are¡¡no¡¡¡¡individuals¡¡without¡¡society£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡society¡¡there¡¡is¡¡that¡¡which¡¡¡¡is¡¡not¡¡individual£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡more¡¡than¡¡all¡¡individuals¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡social¡¡¡¡compact¡¡is¡¡an¡¡attempt¡¡to¡¡substitute¡¡for¡¡this¡¡real¡¡living¡¡¡¡solidarity£»¡¡which¡¡gives¡¡to¡¡society¡¡at¡¡once¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡life¡¡and¡¡¡¡diversity¡¡of¡¡members£»¡¡an¡¡artificial¡¡solidarity£»¡¡a¡¡fictitious¡¡¡¡unity¡¡for¡¡a¡¡real¡¡unity£»¡¡and¡¡membership¡¡by¡¡contract¡¡for¡¡real¡¡¡¡living¡¡membership£»¡¡a¡¡cork¡¡leg¡¡for¡¡that¡¡which¡¡nature¡¡herself¡¡gives¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Real¡¡government¡¡has¡¡its¡¡ground¡¡in¡¡this¡¡real¡¡living¡¡solidarity£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡represents¡¡the¡¡social¡¡element£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡not¡¡individual£»¡¡but¡¡¡¡above¡¡all¡¡individuals£»¡¡as¡¡man¡¡is¡¡above¡¡men¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡theory¡¡¡¡substitutes¡¡a¡¡simple¡¡agency¡¡for¡¡government£»¡¡and¡¡makes¡¡each¡¡¡¡individual¡¡its¡¡principal¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡an¡¡abuse¡¡of¡¡language¡¡to¡¡call¡¡¡¡this¡¡agency¡¡a¡¡government¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡has¡¡no¡¡one¡¡feature¡¡or¡¡element¡¡of¡¡¡¡government¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡has¡¡only¡¡an¡¡artificial¡¡unity£»¡¡based¡¡on¡¡diversity£»¡¡¡¡its¡¡authority¡¡is¡¡only¡¡personal£»¡¡individual£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡no¡¡sense¡¡a¡¡¡¡public¡¡authority£»¡¡representing¡¡a¡¡public¡¡will£»¡¡a¡¡public¡¡right£»¡¡or¡¡¡¡a¡¡public¡¡interest¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡no¡¡country¡¡could¡¡government¡¡be¡¡adopted¡¡and¡¡¡¡sustained¡¡if¡¡men¡¡were¡¡left¡¡to¡¡the¡¡wisdom¡¡or¡¡justness¡¡of¡¡their¡¡¡¡theories£»¡¡or¡¡in¡¡the¡¡general¡¡affairs¡¡of¡¡life£»¡¡acted¡¡on¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Society£»¡¡and¡¡government¡¡as¡¡representing¡¡society£»¡¡has¡¡a¡¡real¡¡¡¡existence£»¡¡life£»¡¡facul¡¡¡67¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ties£»¡¡and¡¡organs¡¡of¡¡its¡¡own£»¡¡not¡¡derived¡¡or¡¡¡¡derivable¡¡from¡¡individuals¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡well¡¡might¡¡it¡¡be¡¡maintained¡¡that¡¡¡¡the¡¡human¡¡body¡¡consists¡¡in¡¡and¡¡derives¡¡all¡¡its¡¡life¡¡from¡¡the¡¡¡¡particles¡¡of¡¡matter¡¡it¡¡assimilates¡¡from¡¡its¡¡food£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡are¡¡¡¡constantly¡¡escaping¡¡as¡¡to¡¡maintain¡¡that¡¡society¡¡derives¡¡its¡¡life£»¡¡¡¡or¡¡government¡¡its¡¡powers£»¡¡from¡¡individuals¡£¡¡¡¡No¡¡mechanical¡¡¡¡aggregation¡¡of¡¡brute¡¡matter¡¡can¡¡make¡¡a¡¡living¡¡body£»¡¡if¡¡there¡¡is¡¡¡¡no¡¡living¡¡and¡¡assimilating¡¡principle¡¡within£»¡¡and¡¡no¡¡aggregation¡¡¡¡of¡¡individuals£»¡¡however¡¡closely¡¡bound¡¡together¡¡by¡¡pacts¡¡or¡¡oaths£»¡¡¡¡can¡¡make¡¡society¡¡where¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡informing¡¡social¡¡principle¡¡¡¡that¡¡aggregates¡¡and¡¡assimilates¡¡them¡¡to¡¡a¡¡living¡¡body£»¡¡or¡¡produce¡¡¡¡that¡¡mystic¡¡existence¡¡called¡¡a¡¡state¡¡or¡¡commonwealth¡£
The¡¡origin¡¡of¡¡government¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Contrat¡¡Social¡¡supposes¡¡the¡¡¡¡nation¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡purely¡¡personal¡¡affair¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡gives¡¡the¡¡government¡¡¡¡no¡¡territorial¡¡status£»¡¡and¡¡clothes¡¡it¡¡with¡¡no¡¡territorial¡¡rights¡¡¡¡or¡¡jurisdiction¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡government¡¡that¡¡could¡¡so¡¡originate¡¡would¡¡be£»¡¡¡¡if¡¡any¡¡thing£»¡¡a¡¡barbaric£»¡¡not¡¡a¡¡republican¡¡government¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡has¡¡¡¡only¡¡the¡¡rights¡¡conferred¡¡on¡¡it£»¡¡surrendered¡¡or¡¡delegated¡¡to¡¡it¡¡¡¡by¡¡individuals£»¡¡and¡¡therefore£»¡¡at¡¡best£»¡¡only¡¡individual¡¡rights¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Individuals¡¡can¡¡confer¡¡only¡¡such¡¡rights¡¡as¡¡they¡¡have¡¡in¡¡the¡¡¡¡supposed¡¡state¡¡of¡¡nature¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡that¡¡state¡¡there¡¡is¡¡¡¡68¡¡neither¡¡private¡¡nor¡¡public¡¡domain¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡earth¡¡in¡¡¡¡that¡¡state¡¡is¡¡not¡¡property£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡open¡¡to¡¡the¡¡first¡¡occupant£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡the¡¡occupant¡¡can¡¡lay¡¡no¡¡claim¡¡to¡¡any¡¡more¡¡than¡¡he¡¡actually¡¡¡¡occupies¡£¡¡¡¡Whence£»¡¡then£»¡¡does¡¡government¡¡derive¡¡its¡¡territorial¡¡¡¡jurisdiction£»¡¡and¡¡its¡¡right¡¡of¡¡eminent¡¡domain¡¡claimed¡¡by¡¡all¡¡¡¡national¡¡governments£¿¡¡¡¡Whence¡¡its¡¡title¡¡to¡¡vacant¡¡or¡¡unoccupied¡¡¡¡lands£¿¡¡¡¡How¡¡does¡¡any¡¡particular¡¡government¡¡fix¡¡its¡¡territorial¡¡¡¡boundaries£»¡¡and¡¡obtain¡¡the¡¡right¡¡to¡¡prescribe¡¡who¡¡may¡¡occupy£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡on¡¡what¡¡conditions¡¡the¡¡vacant¡¡lands¡¡within¡¡those¡¡boundaries£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡Whence¡¡does¡¡it¡¡get¡¡its¡¡jurisdiction¡¡of¡¡navigable¡¡rivers£»¡¡lakes£»¡¡¡¡bays£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡seaboard¡¡within¡¡its¡¡territorial¡¡limits£»¡¡as¡¡¡¡appertaining¡¡to¡¡its¡¡domain£¿¡¡¡¡Here