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                            CHAPTER VIII。 



                              THE WAR DEPARTMENT。 



     My next trip was to the War Department察where I was shown the Rules 

and Regulations governing the army察and navy。 

     The army was organized in twenty´five corps of eighty thousand men 

each察   besides    the  ladies'  army    corps   of  an  equal    number察   each   corps 

composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted 

infantry。   Each   division   was   composed   of   three   brigades   of   infantry察  one 

regiment of sharpshooters and one   regiment of artillery察each brigade   of 

three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies察one hundred and 

fifty men each。 The company was divided into three sergeants' commands 

and   those   into   three   corporal   squads。   Each   company   consisted   of   one 

hundred      and   thirty´five   privates察  nine   corporals察   three   sergeants察  one 

company clerk察one lieutenant and a captain。 Four companies composed a 

battalion察 commanded   by  a   major察 and   the   regiment   by  a   colonel。 There 

were     no   lieutenant    colonels察  the   senior   major    taking    charge    of  the 

regiment   in   case   of   death   or   disability   of   the   colonel   until   the   regiment 

elected   an   officer   to   fill   the   vacancy。   All   vacancies   above   the   rank   of 

colonel   were     filled   by   the  corps   commander察    all  vacancies   up    to  and 

including that of colonel by the votes of the men察but the colonel had to be 

chosen   from  the   majors察  a   major   from  the   captains   of his battalion。 The 

lieutenant succeeded to the captaincy without a vote´but the lieutenant had 

to be chosen from the sergeants and company clerk and the sergeant from 

the corporals of his command。 The corporals were elected by the privates 

of the squads察so that any soldier could rise from the ranks through merit 

to high command。 

     The corps commander holds the rank of lieutenant general察the general 

of division that of major general察and the commander of a brigade that of a 

brigadier general。 The regiment of sharpshooters was chosen from the best 

rifle   shots   in   the   division   and   in   war   time   received   double   pay   for   they 

were always at the front of the division and the first to engage the enemy。 

A   one´pounder   rapid´fire   gun   was   attached   to   every   company   and   was 



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operated by the lieutenant assisted by the company clerk。 In the artillery 

regiment there were twelve batteries察six three´inch caliber guns and one 

one´pounder   rapid´fire   gun   to   each   battery察  and   as   they   were   under   the 

direct control of the general commanding the division he could mass them 

to   fire   on   any   point   of   attack。   The   privates   were   paid   fifteen   dollars   a 

month察  the     corporals   twenty   dollars察      the   sergeants    twenty´five     dollars察

company        clerks   thirty   dollars察  lieutenants     forty   dollars察  captains     sixty 

dollars察   majors     eighty    dollars察  colonels    one    hundred     dollars察  brigadier 

generals one hundred and fifty dollars察major generals two hundred dollars 

and the lieutenant general three hundred dollars a month察and officers and 

privates were allowed the same rations and the same amount of clothing。 

No   fixed   ration   was   issued   on   account   of   climatic   conditions´but   plenty 

and no waste was the rule and every captain and lieutenant had to sit at 

meals with his men and eat the same food。 No violation of this rule was 

allowed and as a result of this common sense regulation the men were well 

fed and provided察for every colonel was held to account for the welfare of 

the   men   under   his   command   and   every   officer   up   to   the   rank   of   field 

marshal      could    be  reduced     to   the  ranks    for  violation    of   the  rules   and 

regulations governing the army。 As there was a mailbox under the control 

of the Minister of Information in every military post in which complaints 

were   posted   to   be   sent   to   the   President   it   had   a   very   salutary   effect   in 

keeping the officers attentive to their duty察as no officer wanted to lose his 

position and salary and be a private。 All trivial violations of the rules by 

non´commissioned officers and privates察such as insolence察drunkenness察

filthy habits and disorderly conduct察could be punished by the captain with 

three   days   on     bread   and   water´but   no   pay   could   be   forfeited       for  any 

offense察  for   no   fines   were   allowed   in   the   republic。   For   serious   offenses 

committed by either officer or private in time of peace察such as sodomy察

crimes   against nature察  adultery察  seduction察  larceny察 embezzlement   or   any 

other   felony察  the   accused   was   sent   to   the   district   court   for   trial   and   on 

conviction was dismissed the service and committed to prison for the term 

of years provided by the law for the crime he had been convicted of and 

five years additional for perjury察he having violated his oath of office that 

he   would   be   honest   and   upright   in   all   things   so   help   him  God察  and   any 



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officer could be reduced to the ranks for conduct unbecoming a gentleman 

as the result of a trial before a jury of twelve men drawn by ballot from 

any   other   command   than   his   own。   No   sashes察  jewelry   or   regalia   of   any 

kind was permitted to be worn。 

     Officers and privates were dressed alike and the insignia of rank was 

worn on the collar察and no revolvers察bayonets察sabres察swords察rapiers or 

lances were allowed to be carried´but every officer was required to carry a 

rifle so that he could not be marked out by the enemy's sharpshooters and 

to   set   an   example   of   good   shooting   to   his   men   when   under   fire。   Every 

soldier seriously injured in the service of his country in time of peace as 

well   as   in   war察  received   the   same   pay   and   care   as   if   he   was   still   in   the 

service and if he was killed or died from disease his father and mother or 

either of them察as long as they lived。 The army was truly a great industrial 

army察for every officer and man was required to work eight hours a day 

and   for   six   days   in   the   week察  at   remunerative   labor察  and   two   hours   on 

Sundays   at   rifle   practice。   The   rules   and   regulations   governing   the   army 

applied equally to both sexes。 Both boys and girls察when drafted into the 

army察were first sent to the headquarters of the army corps to which they 

were assigned察the boys   mostly afterward to   the department of   railways察

mines察    commerce        and   agriculture     and   the   girls   to  the   department      of 

finance察manufactures察education and information察distributed all over the 

republic   so   as   to   become   acquainted   with   the   people   in   general察  by   so 

doing wiping out sectional feeling and realizing that God was their father 

and   that   they   all   belonged   to   a   common   brother´   and   sisterhood   united 

together   under   a   government   for   the   people察  of   the   people察  and   by   the 

people。 I paid a visit to the navy yard and inspected two battleships that 

were undergoing some slight repairs to their machinery。 

     One was a second´class battleship and her dimensions and armament 

were   as   follows此  Length   five   hundred   and   twenty´five   feet察  breadth   of 

beam seventy´five feet察draught of water twenty feet and six inches察height 

of   gun   deck   from  the   water   line   twelve   feet察  armament此  ten   twelve´inch 

caliber guns mounted in turrets on the center line of the ship。 The turrets 

were   bolted   to   the   deck察  five   of   them   forward   and   five   aft察  and   were 

eighteen      feet  in  diameter察    eight   feet   high察  with   a  slope    from   deck    to 



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parapet of thirty degrees and made of armor steel twelve inches thick。 One 

gun in each turret and the guns could swing around on four´fifths of the 

circle察so that every gun could be brought to bear on an enemy either to 

port   or   starboard。   No   other   guns   were   carried   in   time   of   war   and   no 

cruisers察torpedo boats察or torpedoes were used察for experience in war had 

shown that they were useless waste of men and money。 The battleship was 

propelled by rot

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