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        THE CONDUCT OF LIFE

        by Ralph Waldo Emerson



 

        I

 

        FATE

 

        Delicate omens traced in air

        To the lone bard true witness bare;

        Birds with auguries on their wings

        Chanted undeceiving things

        Him to beckon; him to warn;

        Well might then the poet scorn

        To learn of scribe or courier

        Hints writ in vaster character;

        And on his mind; at dawn of day;

        Soft shadows of the evening lay。

        For the prevision is allied

        Unto the thing so signified;

        Or say; the foresight that awaits

        Is the same Genius that creates。

 

 

        _Fate_



        It chanced during one winter; a few years ago; that our cities

wsing the theory of the Age。  By an odd coincidence; four or five

noted men were each reading a discourse to the citizens of Boston or

New York; on the Spirit of the Times。  It so happened that the

subject had the same prominence in some remarkable pamphlets and

journals issued in London in the same season。  To me; however; the

question of the times resolved itself into a practical question of

the conduct of life。  How shall I live?  We are incompetent to solve

the times。  Our geometry cannot span the huge orbits of the

prevailing ideas; behold their return; and reconcile their

opposition。  We can only obey our own polarity。  'Tis fine for us to

speculate and elect our course; if we must accept an irresistible

dictation。



        In our first steps to gain our wishes; we come upon immovable

limitations。  We are fired with the hope to reform men。  After many

experiments; we find that we must begin earlier;  at school。  But

the boys and girls are not docile; we can make nothing of them。  We

decide that they are not of good stock。  We must begin our reform

earlier still;  at generation: that is to say; there is Fate; or

laws of the world。



        But if there be irresistible dictation; this dictation

understands itself。  If we must accept Fate; we are not less

compelled to affirm liberty; the significance of the individual; the

grandeur of duty; the power of character。  This is true; and that

other is true。  But our geometry cannot span these extreme points;

and reconcile them。  What to do?  By obeying each thought frankly; by

harping; or; if you will; pounding on each string; we learn at last

its power。  By the same obedience to other thoughts; we learn theirs;

and then comes some reasonable hope of harmonizing them。  We are

sure; that; though we know not how; necessity does comport with

liberty; the individual with the world; my polarity with the spirit

of the times。  The riddle of the age has for each a private solution。

If one would study his own time; it must be by this method of taking

up in turn each of the leading topics which belong to our scheme of

human life; and; by firmly stating all that is agreeable to

experience on one; and doing the same justice to the opposing facts

in the others; the true limitations will appear。  Any excess of

emphasis; on one part; would be corrected; and a just balance would

be made。



        But let us honestly state the facts。  Our America has a bad

name for superficialness。  Great men; great nations; have not been

boasters and buffoons; but perceivers of the terror of life; and have

manned themselves to face it。  The Spartan; embodying his religion in

his country; dies before its majesty without a question。  The Turk;

who believes his doom is written on the iron leaf in the moment when

he entered the world; rushes on the enemy's sabre with undivided

will。  The Turk; the Arab; the Persian; accepts the foreordained

fate。



        〃On two days; it steads not to run from thy grave;

                The appointed; and the unappointed day;

        On the first; neither balm nor physician can save;

                Nor thee; on the second; the Universe slay。〃



        The Hindoo; under the wheel; is as firm。  Our Calvinists; in

the last generation; had something of the same dignity。  They felt

that the weight of the Universe held them down to their place。  What

could _they_ do?  Wise men feel that there is something which cannot

be talked or voted away;  a strap or belt which girds the world。



        〃The Destiny; minister general;

        That executeth in the world o'er all;

        The purveyance which God hath seen beforne;

        So strong it is; that tho' the world had sworn

        The contrary of a thing by yea or nay;

        Yet sometime it shall fallen on a day

        That falleth not oft in a thousand year;

        For; certainly; our appetites here;

        Be it of war; or peace; or hate; or love;

        All this is ruled by the sight above。〃

                Chaucer: _The Knighte's Tale。_



        The Greek Tragedy expressed the same sense: 〃Whatever is fated;

that will take place。  The great immense mind of Jove is not to be

transgressed。〃



 

        Savages cling to a local god of one tribe or town。  The broad

ethics of Jesus were quickly narrowed to village theologies; which

preach an election or favoritism。  And; now and then; an amiable

parson; like Jung Stilling; or Robert Huntington; believes in a

pistareen…Providence; which; whenever the good man wants a dinner;

makes that somebody shall knock at his door; and leave a half…dollar。

But Nature is no sentimentalist;  does not cosset or pamper us。  We

must see that the world is rough and surly; and will not mind

drowning a man or a woman; but swallows your ship like a grain of

dust。  The cold; inconsiderate of persons; tingles your blood;

benumbs your feet; freezes a man like an apple。  The diseases; the

elements; fortune; gravity; lightning; respect no persons。  The way

of Providence is a little rude。  The habit of snake and spider; the

snap of the tiger and other leapers and bloody jumpers; the crackle

of the bones of his prey in the coil of the anaconda;  these are in

the system; and our habits are like theirs。  You have just dined;

and; however scrupulously the slaughter…house is concealed in the

graceful distance of miles; there is complicity;  expensive races;

 race living at the expense of race。  The planet is liable to

shocks from comets; perturbations from planets; rendings from

earthquake and volcano; alterations of climate; precessions of

equinoxes。  Rivers dry up by opening of the forest。  The sea changes

its bed。  Towns and counties fall into it。  At Lisbon; an earthquake

killed men like flies。  At Naples; three years ago; ten thousand

persons were crushed in a few minutes。  The scurvy at sea; the sword

of the climate in the west of Africa; at Cayenne; at Panama; at New

Orleans; cut off men like a massacre。  Our western prairie shakes

with fever and ague。  The cholera; the small…pox; have proved as

mortal to some tribes; as a frost to the crickets; which; having

filled the summer with noise; are silenced by a fall of the

temperature of one night。  Without uncovering what does not concern

us; or counting how many species of parasites hang on a bombyx; or

groping after intestinal parasites; or infusory biters; or the

obscurities of alternate generation;  the forms of the shark; the

_labrus_; the jaw of the sea…wolf paved with crushing teeth; the

weapons of the grampus; and other warriors hidden in the sea;  are

hints of ferocity in the interiors of nature。  Let us not deny it up

and down。  Providence has a wild; rough; incalculable road to its

end; and it is of no use to try to whitewash its huge; mixed

instrumentalities; or to dress up that terrific benefactor in a clean

shirt and white neckcloth of a student in divinity。



        Will you say; the disasters which threaten mankind are

exceptional; and one need not lay his account for cataclysms every

day?  Aye; but what happens once; may happen again; and so long as

these strokes are not to be parried by us; they must be feared。



        But these shocks and ruins are less destructive to us; than the

stealthy power of other laws which act on us daily。  An expense of

ends to means is fate;  organization tyrannizing over character。

The menagerie; or forms and powers of the spine; is a book of fate:

the bill of the bird; the skull of the snake; determines tyrannically

its limits。  So is the scale of races; of temperaments; so is sex; so

is climate; so is the reaction of talents imprisoning the vital power

in certain directions。  Every spirit makes its house; but afterwards

the house confines the spirit。



        The gross lines are legible to the dull: the cabman is

phrenologist so far: he looks in your face to see if his shilling is

sure。  A dome of brow denotes one thing; a pot…belly another; a

squint; a pug…nose; mats of hair; the pigment of the epidermis;

betray character。  People seem sheathed in their tough organization。

Ask Spurzheim; ask the doctors; ask Q

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