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uld　see　the　smoke　of　the　tin　mills　which　had　built　a　great　city　just　beyond　their　corn…fields。　The　silver　men　explained　that　smoke　as　〃a　dummy　factory　set　up　by　Mark　Hanna　with　Wall　Street　money　to　make　a　smoke　and　fool　the　people　into　thinking　that　it　was　a　real　factory　and　that　industry　was　reviving　under　a　Republican　tariff。〃　The　orators　said　the　best　proof　that　it　was　a　sham　mill　lay　in　the　fact　that　the　plutocrats　claimed　it　was　a　tin　mill；　while　〃everybody　knows　it　is　impossible　to　manufacture　tin　plate　in　America。〃

My　method　of　getting　votes　for　the　tariff　was　to　take　young　Democrats　from　the　mill　and　transport　them　to　Democratic　rallies　in　the　far　corner　of　the　county　where　they　heard　their　Democratic　orators　saying　that　the　mill　was　a　sham　put　up　to　fool　voters　and　that　it　was　not　manufacturing　any　tin。　When　the　young　Democrats　heard　such　rot　they　turned　against　their　party。　They　were　farm　boys　who　had　been　brought　up　in　that　county　and　had　quit　the　farm　and　gone　into　the　tin　mill　because　they　could　earn　twice　as　much　making　tin　as　they　could　farming。　A　worker　at　work　is　hard…headed　enough　to　know　that　when　an　orator　tells　him　he　is　not　working　and　not　earning　any　money；　the　orator　is　an　ass。　These　lies　about　fake　factories　hurt　the　Democrats　by　turning　all　the　mill　Democrats　into　Republicans。　This　is　the　only　method　I　have　ever　used　in　campaigning。　The　Republicans　carried　the　town。　When；　two　years　later；　I　ran　for　city　clerk；　they　passed　around　the　rumor　that　I　was　a　wild　Welshman　from　a　land　where　the　tribes　lived　in　caves　and　wore　leather　skirts　and　wooden　shoes；　and　that　I　had　had　my　first　introduction　to　a　pants…wearing　people　when　I　came　to　America。　They　said　that　I　had　not　yet　learned　to　speak　English；　could　not　spell　my　own　name；　and　was　unable　to　count　above　ten。

These　charges　printed　in　the　opposition　paper　offered　me　my　only　chance　for　election。　I　went　to　all　my　meetings　with　a　big　slate。　I　asked　my　audience　to　call　out　numbers。　I　wrote　down　the　figures　and　then　did　sums　in　arithmetic　to　prove　that　I　could　count。　I　would　ask　if　there　was　a　school…teacher　in　the　audience　（there　was　always　one　there）。　He　would　rise；　and　I　would　ask　him　to　verify　my　calculations。　I　would　also　have　him　ask　me　to　spell　words。　He　would　give　me　such　words　as　〃combustion；〃　〃garbage　disposal；〃　〃bonded　indebtedness〃　and　so　on。　I　would　spell　the　words　and　write　them　on　the　slate。　He　would　then　ask　me　questions　in　history；　geography　and　political　economy。　Then　the　school…　teacher　would　turn　to　the　crowd　and　say：

〃Friends；　I　came　to　this　meeting　because　I　had　read　that　Mr。　Davis　is　an　ignorant　foreigner　unfitted　for　the　duties　of　city　clerk。　I　find　to　my　surprise　that　he　is　well　informed。　I　am　glad　we　came　here　and　investigated；　for　we　can　all　rest　assured　that　if　he　is　elected　to　the　office；　he　is　entirely　capable　of　filling　it。〃

I　handled　the　money　and　kept　the　books　for　the　union；　and　this　work　in　addition　to　my　campaign　efforts　wore　me　down　at　last。　Two　nights　before　the　election　I　decided　that　I　had　small　chance　of　winning。　I　was　on　the　Republican　ticket；　and　the　Republicans　had　been　in　office　four　years　and　their　administration　had　proved　unfortunate。　There　had　been　rich　pickings　for　contractors　in　that　new　and　overgrown　city；　and　the　people　blamed　the　Republicans　and　were　determined　on　a　change。

I　was　passing　the　office　of　the　opposition　editor　late　at　night　after　canvassing　for　votes　all　day。　I　thought　of　the　nasty　slurs　he　had　written　about　me　and　my　whole　ancestry。　I　had　fought　hard　to　educate　myself　and　had　been　helpful　to　others。　My　self…respect　revolted　under　this　editor's　malicious　goading。　I　happened　to　see　him　in　his　front　office；　and　on　a　sudden　impulse；　I　went　in；　took　hold　of　his　collar；　and　gave　him　a　good　licking。

The　next　day　he　bawled　me　out　worse　than　ever。　He　said　I　was　not　only　a　wild　Welshman　and　a　blockhead；　but　what　is　more　deadly　still；　I　was　a　gorilla　and　an　assassin。

And　the　next　day　I　was　elected。



CHAPTER　XXXIX

PUTTING　JAZZ　INTO　THE　CAMPAIGN


I　will　go　back　and　relate　more　details　of　my　race　for　office。　Having　won　the　nomination；　I　thrilled　with　pleasure　and　excitement；　but　I　was　at　a　loss　as　to　how　to　begin　my　campaign　for　election。　Should　I　hope　for　support　among　the　white…collar　classes　in　the　〃swell〃　end　of　town；　among　the　merchants　and　mill　owners　or　only　in　the　quarter　where　the　workers　lived？

The　first　act　of　a　candidate　is　to　have　cards　printed　and　pass　them　out　to　every　one　he　meets。　My　cards　bore　my　name　and　my　slogan：　〃Play　the　game　square。〃　I　argued　that　the　workers　should　take　part　in　the　city　government。　I　quit　the　tin　mill　and　went　around　making　speeches。　And　as　there　were　no　movies；　and　the　men　had　nothing　to　do　evenings　but　listen　to　speeches；　it　was　no　trouble　at　all　to　find　an　audience。　I　learned　that　a　politician　or　an　orator　has　the　same　appetite　for　audiences　that　a　drunkard　has　for　gin。　When　is　an　orator　not　an　orator？　When　he　hasn't　got　an　audience。　I　found　that　when　a　horse　fell　down　on　the　street　and　a　crowd　gathered　to　pick　it　up；　somebody　began　〃addressing　the　gathering　on　the　issues　of　the　day。〃

Now　I　know　why　the　cranks　from　everywhere　swarm　into　any　region　where　a　strike　is　on。　They　are　seeking　audiences。　They　have　no　love　for　humanity　except　that　portion　of　humanity　which　is　forced　to　be　an　audience　for　their　itching　tongues。　I　have　known　rich　Jawbone　Janes　to　travel　half　across　the　continent　to　harangue　a　poor　bunch　of　striking　hunyaks。　These　daughters　of　luxury　wanted　one　luxury　that　money　could　not　buy。　The　luxury　of　chinning　their　drivel　to　an　audience。　You　can't　buy　audiences　as　you　buy　orchids　and　furs。　Accidents　make　audiences。　When　a　horse　falls　down　and　a　crowd　gathers；　he'll　be　up　again　and　the　crowd　gone　before　a　girl　from　Riverside　Drive　can　come　a　hundred　miles　in　a　Pullman。　But　when　the　job　falls　down；　the　strike　crowd　sticks　together　for　days。　This　gives　the　crack…brained　lady　opportunity　to　catch　the　Transcontinental　limited　and　get　there　in　time　to　pound　their　ears　with　her　oratory。　She　prefers　a　foreign　crowd　that　can　not　understand　English；　they　are　slower　to　balk　on　her。　Not　understanding　what　she　says；　it　fails　to　irritate　them　greatly。　I　know　of　one　radical　rich　girl　who　boasts　she　has　spread　the　glad　tidings　to　audiences　of　thousands　representing　every　foreign　language　in　America。　She　still　hopes　some　time　to　catch　an　audience　that　understands　her　own　language。　That　would　be　a　little　better　fun；　she　thinks；　but　still　the　joy　of　talking　is　the　main　thing；　so　it　matters　little　whether　their　audience　understands。　She　wants　her　audiences　to　be　alive；　that's　all；　she　doesn't　care　much　what　they're　alive　with。

When　the　worker　comes　to　understand　that　these　〃leaders〃　from　high　society　care　nothing　for　him　but　only　want　a　prominence　for　themselves　and　have　no　natural　talents　with　which　to　earn　that　prominence；　then　the　worker　will　get　rid　of　that　tribe　forever。　Bill　Haywood　lacked　the　qualities　that　made　Sam　Gompers　a　labor　leader。　Bill　decided　to　be　a　leader　without　qualifying　for　it；　and　history　tells　the　rest。

I　circulated　among　the　audiences　that　were　listening　to　other　candidates　and　waited　for　the　men　to　express　their　opinions。　I　heard　one　stalwart　old　fellow　declare　he　was　going　to　vote　for　Jazz。　〃Jazz　is　the　fellow　we　want　for　City　Clerk；〃　I　heard　him　tell　his　comrades。　I　had　never　heard　of　Jazz　in　those　days：　Jazz　was　decidedly　a　dark　horse。　But　the　man　was　strong　for　him　and　wanted　his　friends　to　vote　the　same　way。

There　is　a　trick　that　was　often　used　in　small…town　elections。　When　the　〃reform　element〃　made　a　fight　on　the　〃old　gang〃　it　was　customary　for　the　gang　to　lie　down　and　place　the　name　of　the　new　man　on　the　ticket。　The　reformer　thought　the　gang　beaten　and　that　his　own　election　was　sure；　so　he　didn't　make　a　hard　campaign。　But　the　gang　quietly　passed　around　word　to　scratch　the　name　of　the　reformer　and　to　write　in　the　name　of　a　gang　candidate　in　the　secrecy　of　the　polling　booth。

Was　this　trick　being　played　on　me？　Were　they　now　passing　around　the　word　to　scratch　me　and　write　in　the　name　of　their　friend；　Jazz；　who　had　not　come　out　as　a　candidate　before？　I　edged　in　closer　to　the　man　who　was　boosting　Mr。　Jazz　for　my　job；　and　after　listening　for　a　while　I　learned　that　〃Jazz　Davis〃　was　the　man　he　was　electioneering　for。　He　caught　sight　of　my　face　and　said：　〃There　he　is　now。〃

〃My　name　isn't　Jazz；〃　I　said。　I　handed　him　my　card。　It　read：

JAS。　J。　DAVIS


〃What　is　it　then？〃　he　asked。

I　saw　that　I　would　lose　a　vote　if　I　humiliated　him。　So　I　laughed　and　said：　〃Yep；　I'm　him。　I　was　just　kidding。　I'm　mighty　glad　to　have　your　support。　Have　a　cigar。〃

But　I　went　away　worried。　My　personal　friends　knew　me　as　Jimmy。　The　men　electioneered　and　handed　cards　to　thought　my　name　was　Jazz。　On　the　ballot　my　name　would　appear　JAMES。　Between　〃Jimmy；〃　〃Jim；〃　〃James〃　and　Jazz〃　my　fellows　would　find　lots　of　room　for　confusion。　Every　vote　that　I　lost　on　that　account　would　be　due　to　my　own　carelessness。

It　taught　me　the　lesson　of　exactness。　I　never　again　put　out　any　puzzling　language；　but　tried　to　stick　to　words　that　could　not　be　misunderstood。



CHAPTER　XL

FATHER　TOOK　ME　SERIOUSLY


There　was　an　interval　of　near