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弌傍 on hemorrhoids 忖方 耽匈4000忖

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                                                            400 BC
                                 ON HEMORRHOIDS

                                 by Hippocrates

                          translated by Francis Adams


  The disease of the hemorrhoids is formed in this way此if bile or
phlegm be determined to the veins in the rectum察it heats the blood in
the veins察and these veins becoming heated attract blood from the
nearest veins察and being gorged the inside of the gut swells
outwardly察and the heads of the veins are raised up察and being at
the same time bruised by the faeces passing out察and injured by the
blood collected in them察they squirt out blood察most frequently
along with the faeces察but sometimes without faeces。 It is to be cured
thus

  2。 In the first place it should be known in what sort of a place
they are formed。 For cutting察excising察sewing察binding察applying
putrefacient means to the anus察all these appear to be very formidable
things察and yet察after all察they are not attended with mischief。 I
recommend seven or eight small pieces of iron to be prepared察a fathom
in size察in thickness like a thick specillum察and bent at the
extremity察and a broad piece should be on the extremity察like a
small obolus。 Having on the preceding day first purged the man with
medicine察on the day of the operation apply the cautery。 Having laid
him on his back察and placed a pillow below the breech察force out the
anus as much as possible with the fingers察and make the irons red´hot
and burn the pile until it be dried up察and so as that no part may
be left behind。 And burn so as to leave none of the hemorrhoids
unburnt察for you should burn them all up。 You will recognize the
hemorrhoids without difficulty察for they project on the inside of
the gut like dark´colored grapes察and when the anus is forced out they
spurt blood。 When the cautery is applied the patient's head and
hands should be held so that he may not stir察but he himself should
cry out察for this will make the rectum project the more。 When you have
performed the burning察boil lentils and tares察finely triturated in
water察and apply as a cataplasm for five or six days。 But on the
seventh察cut a soft sponge into a very slender slice察its width should
be about six inches square。 Then a thin smooth piece of cloth察of
the same size as the sponge察is to be smeared with honey and
applied察and with the index finger of the left hand the middle of
the sponge is to be pushed as far up as possible察and afterward wool
is to be placed upon the sponge so that it may remain in the anus。 And
having girded the patient about the loins and fastened a shawl to
the girdle察bring up this band from behind between the legs and attach
it to the girdle at the navel。 Then let the medicine which I
formerly said is calculated to render the skin thick and strong察be
bound on。 These things should be kept on for not less than twenty
days。 The patient should once a day take a draught from flour or
millet察or bran察and drink water。 When the patient goes to stool the
part should be washed with hot water。 Every third day he should take
the bath。

  3。 Another method of cure此Having got the anus to protrude as much
as possible察foment with hot water察and then cut off the extremities
of the hemorrhoids。 But this medicine should be prepared beforehand
as an application to the wound此Having put urine into a bronze vessel
sprinkle upon the urine the flower of bronze calcined and finely
triturated察then察when it is moistened察shake the vessel and dry in
the sun。 When it becomes dry察let it be scraped down and levigated
and apply with the finger to the part察and having oiled compresses
apply them察and bind a sponge above。

  4。 Another method此There grows upon the bleeding condyloma察a
protuberance like the fruit of the mulberry察and if the condyloma be
far without察an envelope of flesh is adherent to it。 Having placed the
man over two round stones upon his knees察examine察for you will find
the parts near the anus between the buttocks inflated察and blood
proceeding from within。 If察then察the condyloma below the cover be
of a soft nature察bring it away with the finger察for there is no
more difficulty in this than in skinning a sheep察to pass the finger
between the hide and the flesh。 And this should be accomplished
without the patient's knowledge察while he is kept in conversation。
When the condyloma is taken off察streaks of blood necessarily flow
from the whole of the torn part。 It must be speedily washed with a
decoction of galls察in a dry wine察and the bleeding vein will
disappear along with the condyloma察and its cover will be replaced。
The older it is察the more easy the cure。

  5。 But if the condyloma be higher up察you must examine it with the
speculum察and you should take care not to be deceived by the speculum
for when expanded察it renders the condyloma level with the surrounding
parts察but when contracted察it shows the tumor right again。 It is to
be removed by smearing it with black hellebore on the finger。 Then察on
the third day察wash it out with a dry wine。 You need not be
surprised that there is no discharge of blood when you remove the
condyloma察for neither察if you cut off the hands or legs at the
articulations will there be any flow of blood察but if you cut them off
above or below the joints察you will find there hollow veins which pour
out blood察and you will have difficulty in stopping the bleeding。 In
the same manner察the bleeding vein in the anus察if you cut it above or
below the point of separation of the condyloma察will pour forth blood
but if you take away the condyloma at its junction with the natural
parts殖 there will be no flow of blood。 If matters then be thus put to
rights察it will be well察but otherwise burn it察taking care not to
touch the place with the iron察but bringing it close so as to dry it
up察and apply the flos aeris in the urine。

  6。 Another method of curing hemorrhoids此You must prepare a
cautery like the arundo phragmites察and an iron that exactly fits is
to be adapted to it察then the tube being introduced into the anus察the
iron察red hot察is to be passed down it察and frequently drawn out察so
that the part may bear the more heat察and no sore may result from
the heating察and the dried veins may heal up。 But if you are neither
disposed to burn nor excise察having first fomented with plenty hot
water and turned out the anus察levigate myrrh察and having burnt
galls and Egyptian alum察in the proportion of one and a half to the
other things察and as much of melanteria察these things are all to be
used in a dry state。 The hemorrhoid will separate under the use of
these medicines察like a piece of burnt hide。 You are to proceed thus
until the whole are removed察and a half part of burnt chalcitis does
the same thing。 But if you wish to effect the cure by suppositories
take the shell of the part fish a third part of plumbago察bitumen
alum察a little of the flos aeris察galls察a little verdigris察having
poured a small quantity of boiled honey on these察and formed an oblong
suppository察apply until you remove them。

  7。 An hemorrhoid in a woman may be thus cured。 Having fomented
with plenty of hot water察boil in the water certain of the fragrant
medicines察add pounded tamarisk察roasted litharge and galls察and
pour on them white wine察and oil察and the grease of a goose
pounding all together。 Give to use after fomenting。 In fomenting the
anus is to be made to protrude as much as possible。



                                    THE END


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