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considerable¡¡loss¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡nearly¡¡mid¡­day¡¡before¡¡a¡¡passage¡¡through
Charleroi¡¡was¡¡secured¡¡by¡¡the¡¡French¡¡army£»¡¡and¡¡General¡¡Zieten¡¡continued
his¡¡retreat¡¡upon¡¡Fleurus£»¡¡where¡¡he¡¡took¡¡up¡¡his¡¡position¡¡for¡¡the¡¡night¡£
Upon¡¡Zieten's¡¡abandoning£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡course¡¡of¡¡his¡¡retreat£»¡¡the¡¡chaussee
which¡¡leads¡¡to¡¡Brussels¡¡through¡¡Quatre¡¡Bras£»¡¡Marshal¡¡Ney£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡only
just¡¡been¡¡put¡¡in¡¡command¡¡on¡¡the¡¡left¡¡of¡¡the¡¡French¡¡army£»¡¡was¡¡ordered¡¡to
advance¡¡by¡¡this¡¡road¡¡upon¡¡Gosselies£»¡¡and¡¡found¡¡at¡¡Frasnes¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the
Duke¡¡of¡¡Wellington's¡¡army£»¡¡composed¡¡of¡¡Nassau¡¡troops¡¡under¡¡the¡¡command¡¡of
Prince¡¡Bernard¡¡of¡¡Saxe¡­Weimar£»¡¡who£»¡¡after¡¡some¡¡skirmishing£»¡¡maintained
his¡¡position¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨Notwithstanding¡¡all¡¡the¡¡exertions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡French¡¡at¡¡a
moment¡¡when¡¡time¡¡was¡¡of¡¡such¡¡importance£»¡¡they¡¡had¡¡only¡¡been¡¡able¡¡to
advance¡¡about¡¡fifteen¡¡English¡¡miles¡¡during¡¡the¡¡day£»¡¡with¡¡nearly¡¡fifteen
hours¡¡of¡¡daylight¡£¡¨

It¡¡was¡¡the¡¡intention¡¡of¡¡Napoleon¡¡during¡¡his¡¡operations¡¡on¡¡this¡¡day¡¡to
effect¡¡a¡¡separation¡¡between¡¡the¡¡English¡¡and¡¡Prussian¡¡armies£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡he
had¡¡nearly¡¡succeeded¡£¡¡¡¡Napoleon's¡¡plan¡¡for¡¡this¡¡purpose£»¡¡and¡¡the
execution¡¡of¡¡it¡¡by¡¡his¡¡army£»¡¡were¡¡alike¡¡admirable£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡is¡¡hardly
probable¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Allied¡¡generals¡¡were¡¡taken¡¡by¡¡surprise£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡was¡¡the
only¡¡likely¡¡course¡¡which¡¡Napoleon¡¡could¡¡have¡¡taken¡£¡¡¡¡His¡¡line¡¡of
operation¡¡was¡¡on¡¡the¡¡direct¡¡road¡¡to¡¡Brussels£»¡¡and¡¡there¡¡were¡¡no¡¡fortified
works¡¡to¡¡impede¡¡his¡¡progress£»¡¡while¡¡from¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡of¡¡the¡¡country¡¡his
numerous¡¡and¡¡excellent¡¡cavalry¡¡could¡¡be¡¡employed¡¡with¡¡great¡¡effect¡£

In¡¡the¡¡French¡¡accounts¡¡Marshal¡¡Ney¡¡was¡¡much¡¡blamed¡¡for¡¡not¡¡occupying
Quatre¡¡Bras¡¡with¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡of¡¡his¡¡force¡¡on¡¡the¡¡evening¡¡of¡¡the¡¡16th¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨Ney
might¡¡probably¡¡have¡¡driven¡¡back¡¡the¡¡Nassau¡¡troops¡¡at¡¡Quatre¡¡Bras£»¡¡and
occupied¡¡that¡¡important¡¡position£»¡¡but¡¡hearing¡¡a¡¡heavy¡¡cannonade¡¡on¡¡his
right¡¡flank£»¡¡where¡¡General¡¡Zieten¡¡had¡¡taken¡¡up¡¡his¡¡position£»¡¡he¡¡thought
it¡¡necessary¡¡to¡¡halt¡¡and¡¡detach¡¡a¡¡division¡¡in¡¡the¡¡direction¡¡of¡¡Fleurus¡£
He¡¡was¡¡severely¡¡censured¡¡by¡¡Napoleon¡¡for¡¡not¡¡having¡¡literally¡¡followed
his¡¡orders¡¡and¡¡pushed¡¡on¡¡to¡¡Quatre¡¡Bras¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡This¡¡accusation¡¡forms¡¡a
curious¡¡contrast¡¡with¡¡that¡¡made¡¡against¡¡Grouchy£»¡¡upon¡¡whom¡¡Napoleon¡¡threw
the¡¡blame¡¡of¡¡the¡¡defeat¡¡at¡¡Waterloo£»¡¡because¡¡he¡¡strictly¡¡fulfilled¡¡his
orders£»¡¡by¡¡pressing¡¡the¡¡Prussians¡¡at¡¡Wavre£»¡¡unheeding¡¡the¡¡cannonade¡¡on
his¡¡left£»¡¡which¡¡might¡¡have¡¡led¡¡him¡¡to¡¡conjecture¡¡that¡¡the¡¡more¡¡important
contest¡¡between¡¡the¡¡Emperor¡¡and¡¡Wellington¡¡was¡¡at¡¡that¡¡moment¡¡raging¡£

It¡¡was¡¡at¡¡six¡¡o'clock¡¡in¡¡the¡¡evening¡¡of¡¡the¡¡16th¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Drake¡¡of
Wellington¡¡received¡¡the¡¡first¡¡information¡¡of¡¡the¡¡advance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡French
army£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡was¡¡not£»¡¡however£»¡¡until¡¡ten¡¡o'clock¡¡that¡¡positive¡¡news
reached¡¡him¡¡that¡¡the¡¡French¡¡army¡¡had¡¡moved¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡line¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Sambre¡£
This¡¡information¡¡induced¡¡him¡¡to¡¡push¡¡forward¡¡reinforcements¡¡on¡¡Quatre
Bras£»¡¡at¡¡which¡¡place¡¡he¡¡himself¡¡arrived¡¡at¡¡an¡¡early¡¡hour¡¡on¡¡the¡¡16th£»¡¡and
immediately¡¡proceeded¡¡to¡¡Bry£»¡¡to¡¡devise¡¡measures¡¡with¡¡Marshal¡¡Blucher¡¡in
order¡¡to¡¡combine¡¡their¡¡efforts¡£¡¡¡¡From¡¡the¡¡movement¡¡of¡¡considerable¡¡masses
of¡¡the¡¡French¡¡in¡¡front¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Prussians¡¡it¡¡was¡¡evident¡¡that¡¡their¡¡first
grand¡¡attack¡¡would¡¡be¡¡directed¡¡against¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡this¡¡was¡¡Napoleon's
object¡¡on¡¡the¡¡16th¡¡maybe¡¡seen¡¡by¡¡his¡¡orders¡¡to¡¡Ney¡¡and¡¡Grouchy¡¡to¡¡turn
the¡¡right¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Prussians£»¡¡and¡¡drive¡¡the¡¡British¡¡from¡¡their¡¡position¡¡at
Quatre¡¡Bras£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡to¡¡march¡¡down¡¡the¡¡chaussee¡¡upon¡¡Bry¡¡in¡¡order
effectually¡¡to¡¡separate¡¡the¡¡two¡¡armies¡£¡¡¡¡Ney¡¡was¡¡accordingly¡¡detached¡¡for
this¡¡purpose¡¡with¡¡43£»000¡¡men¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡event¡¡of¡¡the¡¡success¡¡of¡¡Marshal¡¡Ney
he¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡enabled¡¡to¡¡detach¡¡a¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡his¡¡forces¡¡for¡¡the
purpose¡¡of¡¡making¡¡a¡¡flank¡¡attack¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡Prussians¡¡in¡¡the¡¡rear¡¡of¡¡St¡£
Amend£»¡¡whilst¡¡Napoleon¡¡in¡¡person¡¡was¡¡directing¡¡his¡¡main¡¡efforts¡¡against
that¡¡village¡¡the¡¡strongest¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Prussian¡¡position¡£¡¡¡¡Ney's¡¡reserve¡¡was
at¡¡Frasnes£»¡¡disposable¡¡either¡¡for¡¡the¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡supporting¡¡the¡¡attack¡¡on
Quatre¡¡Bras¡¡or¡¡that¡¡at¡¡St¡£¡¡Amand£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡case¡¡of¡¡Ney's¡¡complete¡¡success
to¡¡turn¡¡the¡¡Prussian¡¡right¡¡flank¡¡by¡¡marching¡¡on¡¡Bry¡£




CHAPTER¡¡IX¡£

1815

THE¡¡BATTLE¡¡OF¡¡WATERLOO¡£

One¡¡of¡¡the¡¡most¡¡important¡¡struggles¡¡of¡¡modern¡¡times¡¡was¡¡now¡¡about¡¡to
commencea¡¡struggle¡¡which¡¡for¡¡many¡¡years¡¡was¡¡to¡¡decide¡¡the¡¡fate¡¡of
Europe¡£¡¡¡¡Napoleon¡¡and¡¡Wellington¡¡at¡¡length¡¡stood¡¡opposite¡¡one¡¡another¡£
They¡¡had¡¡never¡¡met£»¡¡the¡¡military¡¡reputation¡¡of¡¡each¡¡was¡¡of¡¡the¡¡highest
kind£»

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§For¡¡full¡¡details¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Waterloo¡¡campaign¡¡see¡¡Siborne's¡¡History
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡War¡¡in¡¡France¡¡and¡¡Belgium¡¡in¡¡1815£»¡¡giving¡¡the¡¡English
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡contemporary¡¡account£»¡¡Chesney's¡¡Waterloo¡¡Lectures£»¡¡the¡¡best¡¡English
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¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡nearly¡¡representing¡¡their¡¡view£»¡¡and¡¡Waterloo¡¡by¡¡Lieutenant¡­Colonel
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Prince¡¡Edouard¡¡de¡¡la¡¡Tour¡¡d'Auvergne¡¡£¨Paris£»¡¡Plon£»¡¡1870£©£»¡¡which¡¡may
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡taken¡¡as¡¡the¡¡French¡¡modern¡¡account¡£


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¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡stood¡££§

the¡¡career¡¡of¡¡both¡¡had¡¡been¡¡marked¡¡by¡¡signal¡¡victory£»¡¡Napoleon¡¡had
carried¡¡his¡¡triumphant¡¡legions¡¡

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