the mastery of the air(操纵空气)-第24节
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enthusiasm aroused by the success of Paulhan in the 〃London to
Manchester〃 race。
We will not describe fully the second race； because； though it was of
immense importance at the time； it has long since become a mere episode。
Rarely has Britain been in such great excitement as during that week in
July； 1911。
Engine troubles； breakdowns； and other causes soon reduced the
seventeen competitors to two only： Lieutenant Conneau； of the French
Navy…who flew under the name of M。 Beaumontand M。 Vedrines。 Neck
to neck they flewif we may be allowed this horse…racing expression
over all sorts of country； which was quite unknown to them。
Victory ultimately rested with Lieutenant Conneau； who； on 26th July；
1911； passed the winning…post at Brooklands after having completed the
course in the magnificent time of twenty…two hours； twenty…eight minutes；
averaging about 45 miles an hour for the whole journey。 M。 Vedrines；
though defeated； made a most plucky fight。 Conneau's success was due
largely to his ability to keep to the courseon two or three occasions
Vedrines lost his way and doubtless his naval training in map…reading
and observation gave him the advantage over his rival。
The third historic flight was made by Mr。 Harry Hawker； in August；
1913。 This was an attempt to win a prize of L5000 offered by the
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proprietors of the Daily Mail for a flight round the British coasts。 The
route was from Cowes； in the Isle of Wight； along the southern and eastern
coasts to Aberdeen and Cromarty； thence through the Caledonian Canal to
Oban； then on to Dublin； thence to Falmouth； and along the south coast to
Southampton Water。
Two important conditions of the contest were that the flight was to be
made in an all…British aeroplane； fitted with a British engine。 Hitherto our
aeroplane constructors and engine companies were behind their rivals
across the Channel in the building of air…craft and aerial engines； and this
country freely acknowledged the merits and enterprise of French aviators。
Though in the European War it was afterwards proved that the British
airman and constructor were the equals if not the superiors of any in the
world； at the date of this contest they were behind in many respects。
As these conditions precluded the use of the famous Gnome engine；
which had won so many contests； and indeed the employment of any
engine made abroad； the competitors were reduced to two aviation firms；
and as one or these ultimately withdrew from the contest the Sopwith
Aviation Company of Kingston…on…Thames and Brooklands entered a
machine。
Mr。 T。 Sopwith chose for his pilot a young Australian airman； Mr。
Harry Hawker。 This skilful airman came with three other Australians to
this country to seek his fortune about three years before。 He was
passionately devoted to mechanics； and； though he had had no opportunity
of flying in his native country； he had been intensely interested in the
progress of aviation in France and Britain； and the four friends set out on
their long journey to seek work in aeroplane factories。
All four succeeded； but by far the most successful was Harry Hawker。
Early in 1913 Mr。 Sopwith was looking out for a pilot； and he engaged
Hawker； whom he had seen during some good flying at Brooklands。
In a month or two he was engaged in record breaking； and in June；
1913； he tried to set up a new British height record。 In his first attempt he
rose to 11；300 feet； but as the carburettor of the engine froze； and as the
pilot himself was in grave danger of frost…bite； he descended。 About a
fortnight later he rose 12；300 feet above sea…level； and shortly afterwards
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he performed an even more difficult test； by climbing with three
passengers to an altitude of 8500 feet。
With such achievements to his name it was not in the least surprising
that Mr。 Sopwith's choice of a pilot for the water…plane race rested on
Hawker。 His first attempt was made on 16th August； when he flew from
Southampton Water to Yarmoutha distance of about 240 milesin 240
minutes。 The writer； who was spending a holiday at Lowestoft； watched
Mr。 Hawker go by； and his machine was plainly visible to an enormous
crowd which had lined the beach。
To everyone's regret the pilot was affected with a slight sunstroke
when he reached Yarmouth； and another Australian airman； Mr。 Sidney
Pickles； was summoned to take his place。 This was quite within the rules
of the contest； the object of which was to test the merits of a British
machine and engine rather than the endurance and skill of a particular pilot。
During the night a strong wind arose； and next morning； when Mr。 Pickles
attempted to resume the flight； the sea was too rough for a start to be made；
and the water…plane was beached at Gorleston。
Mr。 Hawker quickly recovered from his indisposition； and on Monday；
25th August； he； with a mechanic as passenger； left Cowes about five
o'clock in the morning in his second attempt to make a circuit of Britain。
The first control was at Ramsgate； and here he had to descend in order to
fulfil the conditions of the contest。
Ramsgate was left at 9。8； and Yarmouth； the next control； was reached
at 10。38。 So far the engine； built by Mr。 Green； had worked perfectly。
About an hour was spent at Yarmouth； and then the machine was en route
to Scarborough。 Haze compelled the pilot to keep close in to the coast； so
that he should not miss the way； and a choppy breeze some what retarded
the progress of the machine along the east coast。 About 2。40 the pilot
brought his machine to earth； or rather to water； at Scarborough； where he
stayed for nearly two hours。
Mr。 Hawker's intention was to reach Aberdeen； if possible； before
nightfall； but at Seaham he had to descend for water； as the engine was
becoming uncomfortably hot； and the radiator supply of water was rapidly
diminishing。 This lost much valuable time； as over an hour was spent here；
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and it had begun to grow dark before the journey was recommenced。
About an hour after resuming his journey he decided to plane down at the
fishing village of Beadwell； some 20 miles south of Berwick。
At 8。5 on Tuesday morning the pilot was on his way to Aberdeen； but
he had to descend and stay at Montrose for about half an hour； and
Aberdeen was reached about 11 a。m。 His Scottish admirers； consisting of
quite 40；000 people at Aberdeen alone； gave him a most hearty welcome；
and sped him on his way about noon。 Some two hours later Cromarty was
reached。
Now commenced the most difficult part of the course。 The Caledonian
Canal runs among lofty mountains； and the numerous air…eddies and swift
air…streams rushing through the mountain passes tossed the frail craft to
and fro； and at times threatened to wreck it altogether。 On some occasions
the aeroplane was tossed up over 1000 feet at one blow； at other times it
was driven sideways almost on to the hills。 From Cromarty to Oban the
journey was only about 96 miles； but it took nearly three hours to fly
between these places。 This slow progress seriously jeopardized the pilot's
chances of completing the course in the allotted time； for it was his
intention to make the coast of Ireland by nightfall。 But as it was late when
Oban was reached he decided to spend the night there。
Early the following morning he left for Dublin； 222 miles away。 Soon
a float was found to be waterlogged and much valuable time was； spent in
bailing it dry。 Then a descent had to be made at Kiells
