Ì«×ÓүС˵Íø > Ó¢Óïµç×ÓÊé > art of war >

µÚ30½Ú

art of war-µÚ30½Ú

С˵£º art of war ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡






¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡37¡£¡¡¡¡By¡¡altering¡¡his¡¡arrangements¡¡and¡¡changing¡¡his¡¡plans£»



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§Wang¡¡Hsi¡¡thinks¡¡that¡¡this¡¡means¡¡not¡¡using¡¡the¡¡same¡¡

stratagem¡¡twice¡££§



he¡¡keeps¡¡the¡¡enemy¡¡without¡¡definite¡¡knowledge¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§Chang¡¡Yu£»¡¡¡¡in¡¡a¡¡quotation¡¡from¡¡another¡¡work£»¡¡¡¡says£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡

axiom£»¡¡¡¡that¡¡war¡¡is¡¡based¡¡on¡¡deception£»¡¡does¡¡not¡¡apply¡¡only¡¡to¡¡

deception¡¡of¡¡the¡¡enemy¡£¡¡¡¡You¡¡must¡¡deceive¡¡even¡¡your¡¡own¡¡soldiers¡£¡¡¡¡

Make¡¡them¡¡follow¡¡you£»¡¡but¡¡without¡¡letting¡¡them¡¡know¡¡why¡£¡¨£§



By¡¡shifting¡¡his¡¡camp¡¡and¡¡taking¡¡circuitous¡¡routes£»¡¡¡¡he¡¡prevents¡¡

the¡¡enemy¡¡from¡¡anticipating¡¡his¡¡purpose¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡38¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡the¡¡critical¡¡moment£»¡¡the¡¡leader¡¡of¡¡an¡¡army¡¡acts¡¡like¡¡

one¡¡who¡¡has¡¡climbed¡¡up¡¡a¡¡height¡¡and¡¡then¡¡kicks¡¡away¡¡the¡¡ladder¡¡

behind¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡carries¡¡his¡¡men¡¡deep¡¡into¡¡hostile¡¡territory¡¡

before¡¡he¡¡shows¡¡his¡¡hand¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§Literally£»¡¡¡¨releases¡¡the¡¡spring¡¨¡¡£¨see¡¡V¡£¡¡ss¡£¡¡15£©£»¡¡that¡¡is£»¡¡

takes¡¡some¡¡decisive¡¡step¡¡which¡¡makes¡¡it¡¡impossible¡¡for¡¡the¡¡army¡¡

to¡¡returnlike¡¡Hsiang¡¡Yu£»¡¡who¡¡sunk¡¡his¡¡ships¡¡after¡¡crossing¡¡a¡¡

river¡£¡¡¡¡Ch¡®en¡¡Hao£»¡¡followed¡¡by¡¡Chia¡¡Lin£»¡¡understands¡¡the¡¡words¡¡

less¡¡well¡¡as¡¡¡¨puts¡¡forth¡¡every¡¡artifice¡¡at¡¡his¡¡command¡£¡¨£§



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡39¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡burns¡¡his¡¡boats¡¡and¡¡breaks¡¡his¡¡cooking¡­pots£»¡¡like¡¡a¡¡

shepherd¡¡driving¡¡a¡¡flock¡¡of¡¡sheep£»¡¡he¡¡drives¡¡his¡¡men¡¡this¡¡way¡¡and¡¡

that£»¡¡and¡¡nothing¡¡knows¡¡whither¡¡he¡¡is¡¡going¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§Tu¡¡Mu¡¡says£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡army¡¡is¡¡only¡¡cognizant¡¡of¡¡orders¡¡to¡¡

advance¡¡or¡¡retreat£»¡¡¡¡it¡¡is¡¡ignorant¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ulterior¡¡ends¡¡of¡¡

attacking¡¡and¡¡conquering¡£¡¨£§



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡40¡£¡¡¡¡To¡¡muster¡¡his¡¡host¡¡and¡¡bring¡¡it¡¡into¡¡danger£ºthis¡¡may¡¡

be¡¡termed¡¡the¡¡business¡¡of¡¡the¡¡general¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§Sun¡¡Tzu¡¡means¡¡that¡¡after¡¡mobilization¡¡there¡¡should¡¡be¡¡no¡¡

delay¡¡in¡¡aiming¡¡a¡¡blow¡¡at¡¡the¡¡enemy's¡¡heart¡£¡¡¡¡Note¡¡how¡¡he¡¡returns¡¡

again¡¡and¡¡again¡¡to¡¡this¡¡point¡£¡¡¡¡Among¡¡the¡¡warring¡¡states¡¡of¡¡

ancient¡¡China£»¡¡desertion¡¡was¡¡no¡¡doubt¡¡a¡¡much¡¡more¡¡present¡¡fear¡¡

and¡¡serious¡¡evil¡¡than¡¡it¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡armies¡¡of¡¡today¡££§



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡41¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡different¡¡measures¡¡suited¡¡to¡¡the¡¡nine¡¡varieties¡¡of¡¡

ground£»



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§Chang¡¡Yu¡¡says£º¡¡¡¡¡¨One¡¡must¡¡not¡¡be¡¡hide¡­bound¡¡in¡¡interpreting¡¡

the¡¡rules¡¡for¡¡the¡¡nine¡¡varieties¡¡of¡¡ground¡££§



the¡¡expediency¡¡of¡¡aggressive¡¡or¡¡defensive¡¡tactics£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡the¡¡

fundamental¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡human¡¡nature£º¡¡¡¡these¡¡are¡¡things¡¡that¡¡must¡¡

most¡¡certainly¡¡be¡¡studied¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡42¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡invading¡¡hostile¡¡territory£»¡¡the¡¡general¡¡principle¡¡

is£»¡¡¡¡that¡¡penetrating¡¡deeply¡¡brings¡¡cohesion£»¡¡penetrating¡¡but¡¡a¡¡

short¡¡way¡¡means¡¡dispersion¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§Cf¡£¡¡supra£»¡¡ss¡£¡¡20¡££§



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡43¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡you¡¡leave¡¡your¡¡own¡¡country¡¡behind£»¡¡and¡¡take¡¡your¡¡

army¡¡across¡¡neighborhood¡¡territory£»¡¡you¡¡find¡¡yourself¡¡on¡¡critical¡¡

ground¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§This¡¡¡¨ground¡¨¡¡is¡¡curiously¡¡mentioned¡¡in¡¡VIII¡£¡¡ss¡£¡¡2£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡

does¡¡not¡¡figure¡¡among¡¡the¡¡Nine¡¡Situations¡¡or¡¡the¡¡Six¡¡Calamities¡¡

in¡¡chap¡£¡¡X¡£¡¡¡¡One's¡¡first¡¡impulse¡¡would¡¡be¡¡to¡¡translate¡¡it¡¡distant¡¡

ground£»¡¨¡¡but¡¡this£»¡¡if¡¡we¡¡can¡¡trust¡¡the¡¡commentators£»¡¡is¡¡precisely¡¡

what¡¡is¡¡not¡¡meant¡¡here¡£¡¡¡¡Mei¡¡Yao¡­ch¡®en¡¡says¡¡it¡¡is¡¡¡¨a¡¡position¡¡not¡¡

far¡¡enough¡¡advanced¡¡to¡¡be¡¡called¡¡'facile£»'¡¡and¡¡not¡¡near¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡

home¡¡to¡¡be¡¡'dispersive£»'¡¡but¡¡something¡¡between¡¡the¡¡two¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡Wang¡¡Hsi¡¡

says£º¡¡¡¡¡¨It¡¡is¡¡ground¡¡separated¡¡from¡¡home¡¡by¡¡an¡¡interjacent¡¡state£»¡¡

whose¡¡territory¡¡we¡¡have¡¡had¡¡to¡¡cross¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡reach¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡

Hence£»¡¡¡¡it¡¡is¡¡incumbent¡¡on¡¡us¡¡to¡¡settle¡¡our¡¡business¡¡there¡¡

quickly¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡adds¡¡that¡¡this¡¡position¡¡is¡¡of¡¡rare¡¡occurrence£»¡¡

which¡¡is¡¡the¡¡reason¡¡why¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡included¡¡among¡¡the¡¡Nine¡¡

Situations¡££§



When¡¡there¡¡are¡¡means¡¡of¡¡communication¡¡on¡¡all¡¡four¡¡sides£»¡¡¡¡the¡¡

ground¡¡is¡¡one¡¡of¡¡intersecting¡¡highways¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡44¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡you¡¡penetrate¡¡deeply¡¡into¡¡a¡¡country£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡serious¡¡

ground¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡you¡¡penetrate¡¡but¡¡a¡¡little¡¡way£»¡¡¡¡it¡¡is¡¡facile¡¡

ground¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡45¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡you¡¡have¡¡the¡¡enemy's¡¡strongholds¡¡on¡¡your¡¡rear£»¡¡and¡¡

narrow¡¡passes¡¡in¡¡front£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡hemmed¡­in¡¡ground¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡

place¡¡of¡¡refuge¡¡at¡¡all£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡desperate¡¡ground¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡46¡£¡¡¡¡Therefore£»¡¡on¡¡dispersive¡¡ground£»¡¡I¡¡would¡¡inspire¡¡my¡¡men¡¡

with¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡purpose¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§This¡¡end£»¡¡according¡¡to¡¡Tu¡¡Mu£»¡¡is¡¡best¡¡attained¡¡by¡¡remaining¡¡

on¡¡the¡¡defensive£»¡¡and¡¡avoiding¡¡battle¡£¡¡¡¡Cf¡£¡¡supra£»¡¡ss¡£¡¡11¡££§



On¡¡facile¡¡ground£»¡¡I¡¡would¡¡see¡¡that¡¡there¡¡is¡¡close¡¡connection¡¡

between¡¡all¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡my¡¡army¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§As¡¡Tu¡¡Mu¡¡says£»¡¡the¡¡object¡¡is¡¡to¡¡guard¡¡against¡¡two¡¡possible¡¡

contingencies£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨£¨1£©¡¡¡¡the¡¡desertion¡¡of¡¡our¡¡own¡¡troops£»¡¡¡¡£¨2£©¡¡¡¡a¡¡

sudden¡¡attack¡¡on¡¡the¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡enemy¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡Cf¡£¡¡VII¡£¡¡ss¡£¡¡17¡£¡¡¡¡Mei¡¡

Yao¡­ch¡®en¡¡says£º¡¡¡¡¡¨On¡¡the¡¡march£»¡¡the¡¡regiments¡¡should¡¡be¡¡in¡¡close¡¡

touch£»¡¡¡¡in¡¡an¡¡encampment£»¡¡there¡¡should¡¡be¡¡continuity¡¡between¡¡the¡¡

fortifications¡£¡¨£§



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡47¡£¡¡¡¡On¡¡contentious¡¡ground£»¡¡I¡¡would¡¡hurry¡¡up¡¡my¡¡rear¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§This¡¡is¡¡Ts¡®ao¡¡Kung's¡¡interpretation¡£¡¡¡¡Chang¡¡Yu¡¡adopts¡¡it£»¡¡

saying£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨We¡¡must¡¡quickly¡¡bring¡¡up¡¡our¡¡rear£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡head¡¡and¡¡

tail¡¡may¡¡both¡¡reach¡¡the¡¡goal¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡That¡¡is£»¡¡they¡¡must¡¡not¡¡be¡¡allowed¡¡

to¡¡straggle¡¡up¡¡a¡¡long¡¡way¡¡apart¡£¡¡¡¡Mei¡¡Yao¡­ch¡®en¡¡offers¡¡another¡¡

equally¡¡plausible¡¡explanation£º¡¡¡¡¡¨Supposing¡¡the¡¡enemy¡¡has¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡

reached¡¡the¡¡coveted¡¡position£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡are¡¡behind¡¡him£»¡¡¡¡we¡¡should¡¡

advance¡¡with¡¡all¡¡speed¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡dispute¡¡its¡¡possession¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡

Ch¡®en¡¡Hao£»¡¡¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡assuming¡¡that¡¡the¡¡enemy¡¡has¡¡had¡¡

time¡¡to¡¡select¡¡his¡¡own¡¡ground£»¡¡quotes¡¡VI¡£¡¡ss¡£¡¡1£»¡¡where¡¡Sun¡¡Tzu¡¡

warns¡¡us¡¡against¡¡coming¡¡exhausted¡¡to¡¡the¡¡attack¡£¡¡¡¡His¡¡own¡¡idea¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡situation¡¡is¡¡rather¡¡vaguely¡¡expressed£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨If¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡

favorable¡¡position¡¡lying¡¡in¡¡front¡¡of¡¡you£»¡¡detach¡¡a¡¡picked¡¡body¡¡of¡¡

troops¡¡to¡¡occupy¡¡it£»¡¡then¡¡if¡¡the¡¡enemy£»¡¡relying¡¡on¡¡their¡¡numbers£»¡¡

come¡¡up¡¡to¡¡make¡¡a¡¡fight¡¡for¡¡it£»¡¡you¡¡may¡¡fall¡¡quickly¡¡on¡¡their¡¡

rear¡¡with¡¡your¡¡main¡¡body£»¡¡and¡¡victory¡¡will¡¡be¡¡assured¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡

thus£»¡¡¡¡he¡¡adds£»¡¡that¡¡Chao¡¡She¡¡beat¡¡the¡¡army¡¡of¡¡Ch¡®in¡£¡¡¡¡£¨See¡¡p¡£¡¡

57¡££©£§



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡48¡£¡¡¡¡On¡¡open¡¡ground£»¡¡I¡¡would¡¡keep¡¡a¡¡vigilant¡¡eye¡¡on¡¡my¡¡

defenses¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡On¡¡¡¡¡¡ground¡¡of¡¡intersecting¡¡highways£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡

consolidate¡¡my¡¡alliances¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡49¡£¡¡¡¡On¡¡serious¡¡ground£»¡¡I¡¡would¡¡try¡¡to¡¡ensure¡¡a¡¡continuous¡¡

stream¡¡of¡¡supplies¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§The¡¡commentators¡¡take¡¡this¡¡as¡¡referring¡¡to¡¡forage¡¡and¡¡

plunder£»¡¡¡¡not£»¡¡as¡¡one¡¡might¡¡expect£»¡¡to¡¡an¡¡unbroken¡¡communication¡¡

with¡¡a¡¡home¡¡base¡££§



On¡¡difficult¡¡ground£»¡¡I¡¡would¡¡keep¡¡pushing¡¡on¡¡along¡¡the¡¡road¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡50¡£¡¡¡¡On¡¡hemmed¡­in¡¡ground£»¡¡I¡¡would¡¡block¡¡any¡¡way¡¡of¡¡retreat¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§Meng¡¡Shih¡¡says£º¡¡¡¡¡¨To¡¡make¡¡it¡¡seem¡¡that¡¡I¡¡meant¡¡to¡¡defend¡¡

the¡¡position£»¡¡¡¡whereas¡¡my¡¡real¡¡intention¡¡is¡¡to¡¡burst¡¡suddenly¡¡

through¡¡the¡¡enemy's¡¡lines¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡Mei¡¡Yao¡­ch¡®en¡¡says£º¡¡¡¡¡¨in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡

make¡¡my¡¡soldiers¡¡fight¡¡with¡¡desperation¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡Wang¡¡Hsi¡¡says£»¡¡

¡¨fearing¡¡lest¡¡my¡¡men¡¡be¡¡tempted¡¡to¡¡run¡¡away¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡Tu¡¡Mu¡¡points¡¡out¡¡

that¡¡this¡¡is¡¡the¡¡converse¡¡of¡¡VII¡£¡¡ss¡£¡¡36£»¡¡where¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡enemy¡¡

who¡¡is¡¡surrounded¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡532¡¡A¡£D¡££»¡¡Kao¡¡Huan£»¡¡afterwards¡¡Emperor¡¡and¡¡

canonized¡¡as¡¡Shen¡­wu£»¡¡was¡¡surrounded¡¡by¡¡a¡¡great¡¡army¡¡under¡¡Erh¡­

chu¡¡Chao¡¡and¡¡others¡£¡¡¡¡His¡¡own¡¡force¡¡was¡¡comparatively¡¡small£»¡¡

consisting¡¡only¡¡of¡¡2000¡¡horse¡¡and¡¡something¡¡under¡¡30£»000¡¡foot¡£¡¡¡¡

The¡¡lines¡¡of¡¡investment¡¡had¡¡not¡¡been¡¡drawn¡¡very¡¡closely¡¡together£»¡¡

gaps¡¡being¡¡left¡¡at¡¡certain¡¡points¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡Kao¡¡Huan£»¡¡¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡

trying¡¡to¡¡escape£»¡¡¡¡actually¡¡made¡¡a¡¡shift¡¡to¡¡block¡¡all¡¡the¡¡

remaining¡¡outlets¡¡himself¡¡by¡¡driving¡¡into¡¡them¡¡a¡¡number¡¡of¡¡oxen¡¡

and¡¡donkeys¡¡roped¡¡together¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡his¡¡officers¡¡and¡¡men¡¡saw¡¡

that¡¡there¡¡was¡¡nothing¡¡for¡¡it¡¡but¡¡to¡¡conquer¡¡or¡¡die£»¡¡¡¡their¡¡

spirits¡¡rose¡¡to¡¡an¡¡extraordinary¡¡pitch¡¡of¡¡exaltation£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡they¡¡

charged¡¡with¡¡such¡¡desperate¡¡ferocity¡¡that¡¡the¡¡opposing¡¡ranks¡¡

broke¡¡and¡¡crumbled¡¡under¡¡their¡¡onslaught¡££§



On¡¡desperate¡¡ground£»¡¡¡¡I¡¡would¡¡proclaim¡¡to¡¡my¡¡soldiers¡¡the¡¡

hopelessness¡¡of¡¡saving¡¡their¡¡lives¡£



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Tu¡¡Yu¡¡says£º¡¡¡¡¡¨Burn¡¡your¡¡baggage¡¡and¡¡impedimenta£»¡¡throw¡¡away¡¡

your¡¡stores¡¡and¡¡provisions£»¡¡choke¡¡up¡¡the¡¡wells£»¡¡¡¡destroy¡¡your¡¡

cooking¡­stoves£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡make¡¡it¡¡plain¡¡to¡¡your¡¡men¡¡that¡¡they¡¡cannot¡¡

survive£»¡¡but¡¡must¡¡fight¡¡to¡¡the¡¡death¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡Mei¡¡Yao¡­ch¡®en¡¡says£º¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡

only¡¡chance¡¡of¡¡life¡¡lies¡¡in¡¡giving¡¡up¡¡all¡¡hope¡¡of¡¡it¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡

concludes¡¡what¡¡Sun¡¡Tzu¡¡has¡¡to¡¡say¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¨grounds¡¨¡¡¡¡and¡¡the¡¡

¡¨variations¡¨¡¡corresponding¡¡to¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡Reviewing¡¡the¡¡passages¡¡which¡¡

bear¡¡on¡¡this¡¡important¡¡subject£»¡¡we¡¡cannot¡¡fail¡¡to¡¡be¡¡struck¡¡by¡¡

the¡¡desultory¡¡and¡¡unmethodical¡¡fashion¡¡in¡¡which¡¡it¡¡is¡¡treated¡£¡¡¡¡

Sun¡¡Tzu¡¡begins¡¡abruptly¡¡in¡¡VIII¡£¡¡ss¡£¡¡2¡¡to¡¡enumerate¡¡¡¡¡¨variations¡¨¡¡

before¡¡touching¡¡on¡¡¡¨grounds¡¨¡¡at¡¡all£»¡¡but¡¡only¡¡mentions¡¡five£»¡¡

namely¡¡nos¡£¡¡7£»¡¡5£»¡¡8¡¡and¡¡9¡¡of¡¡the¡¡subsequent¡¡list£»¡¡and¡¡one¡¡that¡¡is¡¡

not¡¡included¡¡in¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡few¡¡varieties¡¡of¡¡ground¡¡are¡¡dealt¡¡with¡¡in¡¡

the¡¡earlier¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡chap¡£¡¡IX£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡chap¡£¡¡X¡¡sets¡¡forth¡¡six¡¡

new¡¡grounds£»¡¡with¡¡six¡¡variations¡¡of¡¡plan¡¡to¡¡match¡£¡¡¡¡None¡¡of¡¡these¡¡

is¡¡¡¡¡¡mentioned¡¡¡¡¡¡again£»¡¡¡¡though¡¡the¡¡first¡¡is¡¡hardly¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

distinguished¡¡from¡¡ground¡¡no¡£¡¡4¡¡in¡¡the¡¡next¡¡chapter¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡last£»¡¡in¡¡

chap¡£¡¡XI£»¡¡we¡¡come¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Nine¡¡Grounds¡¡par¡¡excellence£»¡¡immediately¡¡

followed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡variations¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡takes¡¡us¡¡down¡¡to¡¡ss¡£¡¡¡¡14¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡

SS¡£¡¡43¡­45£»¡¡fresh¡¡definitions¡¡are¡¡provided¡¡for¡¡nos¡£¡¡5£»¡¡6£»¡¡2£»¡¡8¡¡and¡¡

9¡¡¡¡£¨in¡¡the¡¡order¡¡given£©£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡for¡¡the¡¡tenth¡¡ground¡¡noticed¡¡

in¡¡chap¡£¡¡VIII£»¡¡and¡¡finally£»¡¡the¡¡nine¡¡variations¡¡are¡¡enumerated¡¡

once¡¡more¡¡from¡¡beginning¡¡to¡¡end£»¡¡all£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡exception¡¡of¡¡5£»¡¡¡¡6¡¡

and

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ