the women of the french salons-第45节
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mething piquante about you 。 。 。 You have two things which do not often go together： you are sweet and strong； your gaiety adorns you and relaxes your nerves； which are too tense 。 。 。 You are extremely refined； you have divined the world。〃
The age of portraits was not quite passed； and the privilege of seeing one's self in the eyes of one's friends was still accorded； a fact to which we owe many striking if sometimes rather highly colored pictures。 A few words from d'Alembert are of twofold interest。 He writes some years later：
〃The regard one has for you does not depend alone upon your external charms； it depends； above all； upon your intellect and your character。 That which distinguishes you in society is the art of saying to every one the fitting word and that art is very simple with you； it consists in never speaking of yourself to others； and much of themselves。 It is an infallible means of pleasing； thus you please every one； though it happens that all the world pleases you； you know even how to avoid repelling those who are least agreeable。〃
This epitome of the art of pleasing may be commended for its wisdom； aside from the very delightful picture it gives of an amiable and attractive woman。 Again he writes：
〃The excellence of your tone would not be a distinction for one reared in a court； and speaking only the language she has learned。 In you it is a merit very real and very rare。 You have brought it from the seclusion of a province； where you met no one who could teach you。 You were； in this regard； as perfect the day after your arrival at Paris as you are today。 You found yourself； from the first； as free； as little out of place in the most brilliant and most critical society as if you had passed your life there； you have felt its usages before knowing them； which implies a justness and fineness of tact very unusual； an exquisite knowledge of les convenances。〃
It was her innate tact and social instinct； combined with rare gifts of intellect and great conversational charm； that gave this woman without name； beauty； or fortune so exceptional a position； and her salon so distinguished a place among the brilliant centers of Paris。 As she was not rich and could not give costly dinners； she saw her friends daily from five to nine； in the interval between other engagements。 This society was her chief interest； and she rarely went out。 〃If she made an exception to this rule； all Paris was apprised of it in advance；〃 says Grimm。 The most illustrious men of the State； the Church； the Court； and the Army； as well as celebrated foreigners and men of letters； were sure to be found there。 〃Nowhere was conversation more lively； more brilliant； or better regulated；〃 writes Marmontel。 。 。 〃It was not with fashionable nonsense and vanity that every day during four hours； without languor or pause； she knew how to make herself interesting to a circle of sensible people。〃 Caraccioli went from her salon one evening to sup with Mme。 du Deffand。 〃He was intoxicated with all the fine works he had heard read there；〃 writes the latter。 〃There was a eulogy of one named Fontaine by M。 de Condorcet。 There were translations of Theocritus； tales； fables by I know not whom。 And then some eulogies of Helvetius； an extreme admiration of the esprit and the talents of the age； in fine； enough to make one stop the ears。 All these judgments false and in the worst taste。〃 A hint of the rivalry between the former friends is given in a letter from Horace Walpole。 〃There is at Paris；〃 he writes； 〃a Mlle。 de Lespinasse； a pretended bel esprit； who was formerly a humble companion of Mme。 du Deffand； and betrayed her and used her very ill。 I beg of you not to let any one carry you thither。 I dwell upon this because she has some enemies so spiteful as to try to carry off all the English to Mlle。 de Lespinasse。〃
But this 〃pretended bel esprit〃 had socially the touch of genius。 Her ardent； impulsive nature lent to her conversation a rare eloquence that inspired her listeners； though she never drifted into monologue； and understood the value of discreet silence。 〃She rendered the marble sensible； and made matter talk；〃 said Guibert。 Versatile and suggestive herself； she knew how to draw out the best thoughts of others。 Her swift insight caught the weak points of her friends； and her gracious adaptation had all the fascination of a subtle flattery。 Sad as her experience had been； she had nevertheless been drawn into the world most congenial to her tastes。 〃Ah； how I dislike not to love that which is excellent；〃 she wrote later。 〃How difficult I have become！ But is it my fault？ Consider the education I have received with Mme。 du Deffand。 President Henault； Abbe Bon； the Archbishop of Toulouse； the Archbishop of Aix； Turgot； d'Alembert； Abbe de Boismontthese are the men who have taught me to speak； to think； and who have deigned to count me for something。〃
It was men like these who thronged her own salon； together with such women as the Duchesse d'Anville； friend of the economists； the Duchesse de Chatillon whom she loved so passionately； and others well…known in the world of fashion and letters。 But its tone was more philosophical than that of Mme。 du Deffand。 Though far from democratic by taste or temperament； she was so from conviction。 The griefs and humiliations of her life had left her peculiarly open to the new social and political theories which were agitating France。 She liked free discussion； and her own large intelligence； added to her talent for calling out and giving point to the ideas of others； went far towards making the cosmopolitan circle over which she presided one of the most potent forces of the time。 Her influence may be traced in the work of the encyclopedists； in which she was associated； and which she did more than any other woman to aid and encourage。 As a power in the making of reputations and in the election of members to the Academy she shared with Mme。 Geoffrin the honor of being a legitimate successor of Mme。 de Lambert。 Chastellux owed his admission largely to her； and on her deathbed she secured that of La Harpe。
But the side of her character which strikes us most forcibly at this distance of time is the emotional。 The personal charm which is always so large a factor in social success is of too subtle a quality to be caught in words。 The most vivid portrait leaves a divine something to be supplied by the imagination； and the fascination of eloquence is gone with the flash of the eye； the modulation of the voice； or some fleeting grace of manner。 But passion writes itself out in indelible characters； especially when it is a rare and spontaneous overflow from the heart of a man or woman of genius； whose emotions readily crystallize into form。
Her friendship for d'Alembert； loyal and devoted as it was； seems to have been without illusions。 It is true she had cast aside every other consideration to nurse him through a dangerous illness； and as soon as he was able to be removed； he had taken an apartment in the house where she lived； which he retained until her death。 But he was not rich； and marriage was not to be thought of。 On this point we have his own testimony。 〃The one to whom they marry me in the gazettes is indeed a person respectable in character； and fitted by the sweetness and charm of her society to render a husband happy；〃 he writes to Voltaire； 〃but she is worthy of an establishment better than mine； and there is between us neither marriage nor love； but mutual esteem； and all the sweetness of friendship。 I live actually in the same house with her； where there are besides ten other tenants； this is what has given rise to the rumor。〃 His devotion through so many years； and his profound grief at her loss； as well as his subsequent words； leave some doubt as to the tranquillity of his heart； but the sentiments of Mlle。 de Lespinasse seem never to have passed the calm measure of an exalted and sympathetic friendship。 It was remarked that he lost much of his prestige； and that his society which had been so brilliant； became infinitely more miscellaneous and infinitely less agreeable after the death of the friend whose tact and finesse had so well served his ambition。
Not long after leaving Mme。 du Deffand she met the Marquis de Mora； a son of the Spanish ambassador； who became a constant habitue of her salon。 Of distinguished family and large fortune； brilliant； courtly； popular； and only twenty…four； he captivated at once the fiery heart of this attractive woman of thirty…five。 It seems to have been a mutual passion； as during one brief absence of ten days he wrote her twenty…two letters。 But his family became alarmed and made his delicate health a pretext for recalling him to Spain。 Her grief at the separation enlisted the sympathy of d'Alembert。 At her request he procured from his physician a statement that the climate of Madrid would prove fatal to M。 de Mora； whose health had steadily failed since his return home； and that if his friends wished to save him they must lose no time in sending him back to Paris。 The young man was permitted to leave at once； but he died en route at Bordeaux。
In the meantime Mlle。 de Lespinasse； sad and inconsolable； h
