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第6节

hiero-第6节

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not fixed by mere arithmetic; but relatively to the needs of the



individual。'16' In other words; whatever exceeds sufficiency is much;



and what falls short of that is little。'17'







'14' Reading as vulg。 {alla mentoi kai penetas opsei oukh outos



    oligous ton idioton os pollous ton turannon}。 Lit。 〃however that



    may be; you will see not so few private persons in a state of



    penury as many despots。〃 Breitenbach del。 {oukh}; and transl。;



    〃Daher weist du auch in dem Masse wenige Arme unter den Privat…



    leuten finden; als viele unter den Tyrannen。〃 Stob。; {penetas



    opsei oligous ton idioton; pollous de ton turannon}。 Stob。 MS。



    Par。; {alla mentoi kai plousious opsei oukh outos oligous ton



    idioton os penetas pollous ton turannon}。 See Holden ad loc。 and



    crit。 n。







'15' Cf。 〃Mem。〃 IV。 ii。 37。







'16' Or; 〃not by the number of things we have; but in reference to the



    use we make of them。〃 Cf。 〃Anab。〃 VII。 vii。 36。







'17' Dr。 Holden aptly cf。 Addison; 〃The Spectator;〃 No。 574; on the



    text 〃Non possidentem multa vocaveris recte beatum 。 。 。〃







And on this principle the tyrant; with his multiplicity of goods; is



less well provided to meet necessary expenses than the private person;



since the latter can always cut down his expenditure to suit his daily



needs in any way he chooses; but the tyrant cannot do so; seeing that



the largest expenses of a monarch are also the most necessary; being



devoted to various methods of safeguarding his life; and to cut down



any of them would be little less than suicidal。'18'







'18' Or; 〃and to curtail these would seem to be self…slaughter。〃







Or; to put it differently; why should any one expend compassion on a



man; as if he were a beggar; who has it in his power to satisfy by



just and honest means his every need?'19' Surely it would be more



appropriate to call that man a wretched starveling beggar rather; who



through lack of means is driven to live by ugly shifts and base



contrivances。







'19' i。e。 〃to expend compassion on a man who; etc。; were surely a



    pathetic fallacy。〃 Al。 〃Is not the man who has it in his power;



    etc。; far above being pitied?〃







Now it is your tyrant who is perpetually driven to iniquitous



spoilation of temples and human beings; through chronic need of money



wherewith to meet inevitable expenses; since he is forced to feed and



support an army (even in times of peace) no less than if there were



actual war; or else he signs his own death…warrant。'20'







'20' 〃A daily; hourly constraint is laid upon him to support an army



    as in war time; orwrite his epitaph!〃















V







But there is yet another sore affliction to which the tyrant is



liable; Sinmonides; which I will name to you。 It is this。 Tyrants no



less than ordinary mortals can distinguish merit。 The orderly;'1' the



wise; the just and upright; they freely recognise; but instead of



admiring them; they are afraid of themthe courageous; lest they



should venture something for the sake of freedom; the wise; lest they



invent some subtle mischief;'2' the just and upright; lest the



multitude should take a fancy to be led by them。







'1' The same epithets occur in Aristoph。 〃Plut。〃 89:







        {ego gar on meirakion epeiles' oti



        os tous dikaious kai sophous kai kosmious



        monous badioimen。}







    Stob。 gives for {kasmious} {alkimous}。







'2' Or; 〃for fear of machinations。〃 But the word is suggestive of



    mechanical inventions also; like those of Archimedes in connection



    with a later Hiero (see Plut。 〃Marcel。〃 xv。 foll。); or of



    Lionardo; or of Michael Angelo (Symonds; 〃Renaissance in Italy;〃



    〃The Fine Arts;〃 pp。 315; 393)。







And when he has secretly and silently made away with all such people



through terror; whom has he to fall back upon to be of use to him;



save only the unjust; the incontinent; and the slavish…natured?'3' Of



these; the unjust can be trusted as sharing the tyrant's terror lest



the cities should some day win their freedom and lay strong hands upon



them; the incontinent; as satisfied with momentary license; and the



slavish…natured; for the simple reason that they have not themselves



the slightest aspiration after freedom。'4'







'3' Or; 〃the dishonest; the lascivious; and the servile。〃







'4' 〃They have no aspiration even to be free;〃 〃they are content to



    wallow in the slough of despond。〃 The {adikoi} (unjust) correspond



    to the {dikaioi} (just); {akrateis} (incontinent) to the {sophoi}



    (wise) (Breit。 cf。 〃Mem。〃 III。 ix。 4; {sophian de kai sophrosunen



    ou diorizen}); {andrapododeis} (servile) to the {kasmioi};



    {andreioi} (orderly; courageous)。







This; then; I say; appears to me a sore affliction; that we should



look upon the one set as good men; and yet be forced to lean upon the



other。







And further; even a tyrant cannot but be something of a patriota



lover of that state; without which he can neither hope for safety nor



prosperity。 On the other hand; his tyrrany; the exigencies of despotic



rule; compel him to incriminate his fatherland。'5' To train his



citizens to soldiery; to render them brave warriors; and well armed;



confers no pleasure on him; rather he will take delight to make his



foreigners more formidable than those to whom the state belongs; and



these foreigners he will depend on as his body…guard。







'5' Or; 〃depreciate the land which gave him birth。〃 Holden cf。



    〃Cyrop。〃 VII。 ii。 22。 See Sturz; s。v。







Nay more; not even in the years of plenty;'6' when abundance of all



blessings reigns; not even then may the tyrant's heart rejoice amid



the general joy; for the greater the indigence of the community the



humbler he will find them: that is his theory。







'6' 〃In good seasons;〃 〃seasons of prosperity。〃 Cf。 Aristot。 〃Pol。〃 v。



    6。 17。















VI







He continued: I desire to make known to you; Simonides;'1' those



divers pleasures which were mine whilst I was still a private citizen;



but of which to…day; nay; from the moment I became a tyrant; I find



myself deprived。 In those days I consorted with my friends and



fellows; to our mutual delectation;'2' or; if I craved for



quietude;'3' I chose myself for my companion。 Gaily the hours flitted



at our drinking…parties; ofttimes till we had drowned such cares and



troubles as are common to the life of man in Lethe's bowl;'4' or



ofttimes till we had steeped our souls in song and dance'5' and



revelry; ofttimes till the flame of passion kindled in the breasts of



my companions and my own。'6' But now; welladay; I am deprived of those



who took delight in me; because I have slaves instead of friends as my



companions; I am robbed of my once delightful intercourse with them;



because I discern no vestige of goodwill towards me in their looks。



And as to the wine…cup and slumberthese I guard against; even as a



man might guard against an ambuscade。 Think only! to dread a crowd; to



dread solitude; to dread the absence of a guard; to dread the very



guards that guard; to shrink from having those about one's self



unarmed; and yet to hate the sight of armed attendants。 Can you



conceive a more troublesome circumstance?'7' But that is not all。 To



place more confidence in foreigners than in your fellow…citizens; nay;



in barbarians than in Hellenes; to be consumed with a desire to keep



freemen slaves and yet to be driven; will he nill he; to make slaves



free; are not all these the symptoms of a mind distracted and amazed



with terror?







'1' Or; 〃I wish I could disclose to you (he added) those heart…easing



    joys。〃 For {euphrosunas} cf。 〃Od。〃 vi。 156; Aesch。 〃P。 V。〃 540;



    Eur。 〃Bacch。〃 376。 A favourite word with our author; see 〃Ages。〃



    ix。 4; 〃Cyrop。〃 passim; 〃Mem。〃 III。 viii。 10; 〃Econ。〃 ix。 12。







'2' Lit。 〃delighting I in them and they in me。〃







'3' Or; 〃when I sought tranquility I was my own companion。〃







'4' Or; 〃in sheer forgetfulness。〃







'5' Or; 〃absorbed our souls in song and festal cheer and dance。〃 Cf。



    〃Od。〃 viii。 248; 249; {aiei d' emin dais te phile kitharis te



    khoroi te} | {eimata t' exemoiba loetra te therma kau eunai}; 〃and



    dear to us ever is the banquet and the harp and the dance; and



    changes of raiment; and the warm bath; and love and sleep〃



    (Butcher and Lang)。



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