hiero-第5节
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biasthenton miseisthai； tous de peisantas outos aution tas psukhas
diaphtheirein ost' oikeioteras autois poiein tas allotrias
gunaikas e tois andrasi kai pasan ep' ekeinois ten oikian
gegonenai kai tous paidas adelous einai opoteron tugkhanousin
ontes； ton andron e ton moikhon 。 anth' on o ton nomon titheis
thanaton autois epoiese ten zemian｝。 Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 III。 i。 39；
〃Symp。〃 viii。 20； Plut。 〃Sol。〃 xxiii。； ｛olos de pleisten ekhein
atopian oi peri ton gunaikon nomoi to Soloni dokousi。 moikhon men
gar anelein tio labonti dedoken； ean d' arpase tis eleutheran
gunaika kai biasetai zemian ekaton drakhmas etaxe' kan proagogeue
drakhmas aikosi； plen osai pephasmenos polountai； legon de tas
etairas。 autai gar emphanos phoitosi pros tous didontas｝； 〃Solon's
laws in general about women are his strangest； for he permitted
any one to kill an adulterer that found him in the act； but if any
one forced a free woman； a hundred drachmas was the fine； if he
enticed her； twenty；except those that sell themselves openly；
that is； harlots； who go openly to those that hire them〃 （Clough；
i。 p。 190）。
＇7＇ Or； 〃fall a victim to passion through some calamity；〃 〃commit a
breach of chastity。〃 Cf。 Aristot。 〃H。 A。〃 VII。 i。 9。
＇8＇ Or； 〃if true affection still retain its virgin purity。〃 As to this
extraordinary passage； see Hartman； op。 cit。 p。 242 foll。
So sovereign a good do I； for my part； esteem it to be loved； that I
do verily believe spontaneous blessings are outpoured from gods and
men on one so favoured。
This is that choice possession which； beyond all others； the monarch
is deprived of。
But if you require further evidence that what I say is true； look at
the matter thus： No friendship； I presume； is sounder than that which
binds parents to their children and children to their parents；
brothers and sisters to each other；＇9＇ wives to husbands； comrade to
comrade。
＇9＇ Or； 〃brothers to brothers。〃
If； then； you will but thoughtfully consider it； you will discover it
is the ordinary person who is chiefly blest in these relations。＇10＇
While of tyrants； many have been murderers of their own children； many
by their children murdered。 Many brothers have been murderers of one
another in contest for the crown；＇11＇ many a monarch has been done to
death by the wife of his bosom；＇12＇ or even by his own familiar
friend； by him of whose affection he was proudest。＇13＇
＇10＇ Or； 〃that these more obvious affections are the sanctities of
private life。〃
＇11＇ Or； 〃have caught at the throats of brothers〃； lit。 〃been slain
with mutually…murderous hand。〃 Cf。 Pind。 Fr。 137； Aesch。 〃Sept。 c。
Theb。〃 931； 〃Ag。〃 1575； concerning Eteocles and Polynices。
＇12＇ See Grote； 〃H。 G。〃 xi。 288； xii。 6； 〃Hell。〃 VI。 iv。 36； Isocr。
〃On the Peace；〃 182； Plut。 〃Dem。 Pol。〃 iii。 （Clough； v。 p。 98）；
Tac。 〃Hist。〃 v。 8； about the family feuds of the kings of Judaea。
＇13＇ 〃It was his own familiar friend who dealt the blow； the nearest
and dearest to his heart。〃
How can you suppose； then； that being so hated by those whom nature
predisposes and law compels to love him； the tyrant should be loved by
any living soul beside？
IV
Again； without some moiety of faith and trust；＇1＇ how can a man not
feel to be defrauded of a mighty blessing？ One may well ask： What
fellowship； what converse； what society would be agreeable without
confidence？ What intercourse between man and wife be sweet apart from
trustfulness？ How should the 〃faithful esquire〃 whose faith is
mistrusted still be lief and dear？＇2＇
＇1＇ 〃How can he； whose faith's discredited； the moral bankrupt 。 。 。〃
＇2＇ Or； 〃the trusty knight and serving…man。〃 Cf。 〃Morte d'Arthur；〃
xxi。 5； King Arthur and Sir Bedivere。
Well； then； of this frank confidence in others the tyrant has the
scantiest share。＇3＇ Seeing his life is such； he cannot even trust his
meats and drinks； but he must bid his serving…men before the feast
begins； or ever the libation to the gods is poured；＇4＇ to taste the
viands； out of sheer mistrust there may be mischief lurking in the cup
or platter。＇5＇
＇3＇ Or； 〃from this 。 。 。 is almost absolutely debarred。〃
＇4＇ 〃Or ever grace is said。〃
＇5＇ Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 I。 iii。 4。
Once more； the rest of mankind find in their fatherland a treasure
worth all else beside。 The citizens form their own body…guard＇6＇
without pay or service…money against slaves and against evil…doers。 It
is theirs to see that none of themselves； no citizen； shall perish by
a violent death。 And they have advanced so far along the path of
guardianship＇7＇ that in many cases they have framed a law to the
effect that 〃not the associate even of one who is blood…guilty shall
be accounted pure。〃 So that； by reason of their fatherland；＇8＇ each
several citizen can live at quiet and secure。
＇6＇ 〃Are their own 'satellites；' spear…bearers。〃 Cf。 Thuc。 i。 130；
Herod。 ii。 168； vii。 127。
＇7＇ 〃Pushed so far the principle of mutual self…aid。〃
＇8＇ 〃Thanks to the blessing of a fatherland each citizen may spend his
days in peace and safety。〃
But for the tyrant it is again exactly the reverse。＇9＇ Instead of
aiding or avenging their despotic lord； cities bestow large honours on
the slayer of a tyrant； ay； and in lieu of excommunicating the
tyrannicide from sacred shrines；＇10＇ as is the case with murderers of
private citizens； they set up statues of the doers of such deeds＇11＇
in temples。
＇9＇ 〃Matters are once more reversed precisely；〃 〃it is all 'topsy…
turvy。'〃
＇10＇ 〃And sacrifices。〃 Cf。 Dem。 〃c。 Lept。〃 137； ｛en toinun tois peri
touton nomois o Drakon 。 。 。 katharon diorisen einai｝。 〃Now in the
laws upon this subject； Draco； although he strove to make it
fearful and dreadful for a man to slay another； and ordained that
the homicide should be excluded from lustrations； cups； and drink…
offerings； from the temples and the market…place； specifying
everything by which he thought most effectually to restrain people
from such a practice； still did not abolish the rule of justice；
but laid down the cases in which it should be lawful to kill； and
declared that the killer under such circumstances should be deemed
pure〃 （C。 R。 Kennedy）。
＇11＇ e。g。 Harmodius and Aristogeiton。 See Dem。 loc。 cit。 138： 〃The
same rewards that you gave to Harmodius and Aristogiton；〃
concerning whom Simonides himself wrote a votive couplet：
｛'E meg' 'Athenaioisi phoos geneth' enik' 'Aristogeiton
'Ipparkhon kteine kai 'Armodios。｝
But if you imagine that the tyrant； because he has more possessions
than the private person； does for that reason derive greater pleasure
from them； this is not so either； Simonides； but it is with tyrants as
with athletes。 Just as the athlete feels no glow of satisfaction in
asserting his superiority over amateurs；＇12＇ but annoyance rather when
he sustains defeat at the hands of any real antagonist； so； too； the
tyrant finds little consolation in the fact＇13＇ that he is evidently
richer than the private citizen。 What he feels is pain； when he
reflects that he has less himself than other monarchs。 These he holds
to be his true antagonists； these are his rivals in the race for
wealth。
＇12＇ Or； 〃It gives no pleasure to the athlete to win victories over
amateurs。〃 See 〃Mem。〃 III。 viii。 7。
＇13＇ Or； 〃each time it is brought home to him that；〃 etc。
Nor does the tyrant attain the object of his heart's desire more
quickly than do humbler mortals theirs。 For consider； what are their
objects of ambition？ The private citizen has set his heart； it may be；
on a house； a farm； a servant。 The tyrant hankers after cities； or
wide territory； or harbours； or formidable citadels； things far more
troublesome and more perilous to achieve than are the pettier
ambitions of lesser men。
And hence it is； moreover； that you will find but few＇14＇ private
persons paupers by comparison with the large number of tyrants who
deserve the title；＇15＇ since the criterion of enough； or too much； is
not fixed by mere arithmetic； but relatively to the needs of the
indiv
