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第3节

hiero-第3节

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    to him。〃







The tender service of the proudest…souled of women; wifely rendered;



how superlatively charming!'36' and by contrast; how little welcome is



such ministration where the wife is but a slavewhen present; barely



noticed; or if lacking; what fell pains and passions will it not



engender!







'36' Or; 〃the gentle ministrations of loftiest…thoughted women and



    fair wives possess a charm past telling; but from slaves; if



    tendered; the reverse of welcome; or if not forthcoming 。 。 。〃







And if we come to masculine attachments; still more than in those



whose end is procreation; the tyrant finds himself defrauded of such



mirthfulness;'37' poor monarch! Since all of us are well aware; I



fancy; that for highest satisfaction;'38' amorous deeds need love's



strong passion。'39'







'37' 〃Joys sacred to that goddess fair and free in Heaven yclept



    Euphrosyne。〃







'38' For {polu diapherontos} cf。 Browning (〃Abt Vogler〃); not indeed



    of Aphrodisia conjoined with Eros; but of the musician's gift:







        That out of three sounds he frame not a fourth sound; but a



        star。







'39' i。e。 〃Eros; the Lord of Passion; must lend his hand。〃 〃But;〃 he



    proceeds; 〃the god is coy; he has little liking for the breasts of



    kings。 He is more likely to be found in the cottage of the peasant



    than the king's palace。〃







But least of all is true love's passion wont to lodge in the hearts of



monarchs; for love delights not to swoop on ready prey; he needs the



lure of expectation。'40'







'40' Or; 〃even on the heels of hoped…for bliss he follows。〃







Well then; just as a man who has never tasted thirst can hardly be



said to know the joy of drinking;'41' so he who has never tasted



Passion is ignorant of Aphrodite's sweetest sweets。







'41' Reading with Holden (after H。 Steph。) {osper oun an tis 。 。 。} or



    with Hartm。 (op。 cit。 p。 259) {osper ouk an tis 。 。 。}







So Hiero ended。







Simonides answered laughingly: How say you; Hiero? What is that?



Love's strong passion for his soul's beloved incapable of springing up



in any monarch's heart? What of your own passion for Dailochus;



surnamed of men 〃most beautiful〃?







Hiero。 That is easily explained; Simonides。 What I most desire of him



is no ready spoil; as men might reckon it; but rather what it is least



of all the privilege of a tyrant to obtain。'42' I say it truly; Ithe



love I bear Dailochus is of this high sort。 All that the constitution



of our souls and bodies possibly compels a man to ask for at the hands



of beauty; that my fantasy desires of him; but what my fantasy



demands; I do most earnestly desire to obtain from willing hands and



under seal of true affection。 To clutch it forcibly were as far from



my desire as to do myself some mortal mischief。







'42' Lit。 〃of tyrant to achieve;〃 a met。 from the chase。 Cf。



    〃Hunting;〃 xii。 22。







Were he my enemy; to wrest some spoil from his unwilling hands would



be an exquisite pleasure; to my thinking。 But of all sweet favours the



sweetest to my notion is the free…will offering of a man's beloved。



For instance; how sweet the responsive glance of love for love; how



sweet the questions and the answers;'43' and; most sweet of all; most



love…enkindling; the battles and the strifes of faithful lovers。'44'



But to enjoy'45' one's love perforce (he added) resembles more an act



of robbery; in my judgment; than love's pastime。 And; indeed; the



robber derives some satisfaction from the spoils he wins and from the



pain he causes to the man he hates。 But to seek pleasure in the pain



of one we love devoutly; to kiss and to be hated; to touch'46' and to



be loathedcan one conceive a state of things more odious or more



pitiful? For; it is a certainty; the ordinary person may accept at



once each service rendered by the object of his love as a sign and



token of kindliness inspired by affection; since he knows such



ministry is free from all compulsion。 Whilst to the tyrant; the



confidence that he is loved is quite foreclosed。 On the contrary;'47'



we know for certain that service rendered through terror will



stimulate as far as possible the ministrations of affection。 And it is



a fact; that plots and conspiracies against despotic rulers are



oftenest hatched by those who most of all pretend to love them。'48'







'43' 〃The 'innere Unterhaltung'〃; the {oarismos}。 Cf。 Milton; 〃P。 L。〃:







        With thee conversing; I forget all time。







'44' Cf。 Ter。 〃Andr。〃 iii。 3。 23; 〃amantium irae amoris



    intergratiost。〃







'45' 〃To make booty of。〃







'46' For {aptesthai} L。 & S。 cf。 Plat。 〃Laws;〃 840 A; Aristot。 〃H。 A。〃



    v。 14。 27; Ep。 1 Cor。 vii。 1。







'47' Reading {au}。 〃If we do know anything it is this; that;〃 etc。







'48' Or; 〃do oftenest issue from treacherous make…believe of warmest



    friendship。〃 Cf。 Grote; 〃H。 G。〃 xi。 288; 〃Hell。〃 VI。 iv。 36。















II







To these arguments Simonides replied: Yes; but the topics you have



named are to my thinking trifles; drops; as it were; in the wide



ocean。 How many men; I wonder; have I seen myself; men in the deepest



sense;'1' true men; who choose to fare but ill in respect of meats and



drinks and delicacies; ay; and what is more; they voluntarily abstain



from sexual pleasures。 No! it is in quite a different sphere; which I



will name at once; that you so far transcend us private citizens。'2'



It is in your vast designs; your swift achievements; it is in the



overflowing wealth of your possessions; your horses; excellent for



breed and mettle; the choice beauty of your arms; the exquisite finery



of your wives; the gorgeous palaces in which you dwell; and these;



too; furnished with the costliest works of art; add to which the



throng of your retainers; courtiers; followers; not in number only but



accomplishments a most princely retinue; and lastly; but not least of



all; in your supreme ability at once to afflict your foes and benefit



your friends。







'1' Lit。 〃many among those reputed to be men。〃 Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 V。 v。 33;



    〃Hell。〃 i。 24; 〃their hero〃; and below; viii。 3。 Aristoph。 〃Ach。〃



    78; {oi barbaroi gar andras egountai monous} | {tous pleista



    dunamenous phagein te kai piein}: 〃To the Barbarians 'tis the test



    of manhood: there the great drinkers are the greatest men〃



    (Frere); id。 〃Knights;〃 179; 〃Clouds;〃 823; so Latin 〃vir。〃 See



    Holden ad loc。







'2' 〃Us lesser mortals。〃







To all which Hiero made answer: That the majority of men; Simonides;



should be deluded by the glamour of a despotism in no respect



astonishes me; since it is the very essence of the crowd; if I am not



mistaken; to rush wildly to conjecture touching the happiness or



wretchedness of people at first sight。







Now the nature of a tyrrany is such: it presents; nay flaunts; a show



of costliest possessions unfolded to the general gaze; which rivets



the attention;'3' but the real troubles in the souls of monarchs it



keeps concealed in those hid chambers where lie stowed away the



happiness and the unhappiness of mankind。







'3' There is some redundancy in the phraseology。







I repeat then; I little marvel that the multitude should be blinded in



this matter。 But that you others also; you who are held to see with



the mind's eye more clearly than with the eye of sense the mass of



circumstances;'4' should share its ignorance; does indeed excite my



wonderment。 Now; I know it all too plainly from my own experience;



Simonides; and I assure you; the tyrant is one who has the smallest



share of life's blessings; whilst of its greater miseries he possesses



most。







'4' Lit。 〃the majority of things〃; al。 〃the thousand details of a



    thing。〃







For instance; if peace is held to be a mighty blessing to mankind;



then of peace despotic monarchs are scant sharers。 Or is war a curse?



If so; of this particular pest your monarch shares the largest moiety。



For; look you; the private citizen; unless his city…state should



chance to be engaged in some common war;'5' is free to travel



wheresoe'er he chooses without fear of being done to death; whereas



the tyrant cannot stir without setting his foot on hostile territory。



At any rate; nothing will persuade him but he must go through life



armed; and on all occasions drag about with him armed satellites。 In



the

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