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Early Sheffield manufactures

Invention of blistered steel

Important uses of cast…steel

Le Play's writings on the subject

Early career of Benjamin Huntsman at Doncaster

His experiments in steel…making

Removes to the neighbourhood of Sheffield

His laborious investigations; failures; and eventual success

Process of making cast…steel

The Sheffield manufacturers refuse to use it

Their opposition foiled

How they wrested Huntsman's secret from him

Important results of the invention to the industry of Sheffield

Henry Bessemer and his process

Heath's invention

Practical skill of the Sheffield artisans





CHAPTER VII。



THE INVENTIONS OF HENRY CORT。



Parentage of Henry Cort

Becomes a navy agent

State of the iron trade

Cort's experiments in iron…making

Takes a foundry at Fontley

Partnership with Jellicoe

Various improvers in iron…making:  Roebuck; Cranege; Onions

Cort's improved processes described

His patents

His inventions adopted by Crawshay; Homfray; and other ironmasters

Cort's iron approved by the Admiralty

Public defalcations of Adam Jellicoe; Cort's partner

Cort's property and patents confiscated

Public proceedings thereon

Ruin of Henry Cort

Account of Richard Crawshay; the great ironmaster

His early life

Ironmonger in London

Starts an iron…furnace at Merthyr Tydvil

Projects and makes a canal

Growth of Merthyr Tydvil and its industry

Henry Cort the founder of the iron aristocracy; himself unrewarded





CHAPTER VIII。



THE SCOTCH IRON MANUFACTUREDr。 ROEBUCKDAVID MUSHET。



Dr。 Roebuck; a forgotten public benefactor

His birth and education

Begins business as a physician at Birmingham

Investigations in metallurgy

Removes to Scotland; and begins the manufacture of chemicals; &c。

Starts the Carron Iron Works; near Falkirk

His invention of refining iron in a pit…coal fire

Embarks in coal…mining at Boroughstoness

Residence at Kinneil House

Pumping…engines wanted for his colliery

Is introduced to James Watt

Progress of Watt in inventing the steam…engine

Interviews with Dr。 Roebuck

Roebuck becomes a partner in the steam…engine patent

Is involved in difficulties; and eventually ruined

Advance of the Scotch iron trade

Discovery of the Black Band by David Mushet

Early career of Mushet

His laborious experiments

His inventions and discoveries in iron and steel; and death





CHAPTER IX。



INVENTION OF THE HOT BLASTJAMES BEAUMONT NEILSON。



Difficulty of smelting the Black Band by ordinary process until the

  invention of the hot blast

Early career of James Beaumont Neilson

Education and apprenticeship

Works as an engine…fireman

As colliery engine…wright

Appointed foreman of the Glasgow Gas…works; afterwards manager and engineer

His self…education

His Workmen's Institute

His experiments in iron…smelting

Trials with heated air in the blast…furnace

Incredulity of ironmasters

Success of his experiments; and patenting of his process

His patent right disputed; and established

Extensive application of the hot blast

Increase of the Scotch iron trade

Extraordinary increase in the value of estates yielding Black Band

Scotch iron aristocracy





CHAPTER X。



MECHANICAL INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS。



Tools and civilization

The beginnings of tools

Dexterity of hand chiefly relied on

Opposition to manufacturing machines

Gradual process of invention

The human race the true inventor

Obscure origin of many inventions

Inventions born before their time

〃Nothing new under the sun〃

The power of steam known to the ancients

Passage from Roger Bacon

Old inventions revived

  Printing

  Atmospheric locomotion

  The balloon

  The reaping machine

  Tunnels

  Gunpowder

  Ancient firearms

  The steam gun

  The Congreve rocket

  Coal…gas

  Hydropathy

  Anaesthetic agents

  The Daguerreotype anticipated

  The electric telegraph not new

Forgotten inventors

Disputed inventions

Simultaneous inventions

Inventions made step by step

James Watt's difficulties with his workmen

Improvements in modern machine…tools

Their perfection

The engines of 〃The Warrior〃





CHAPTER XI。



JOSEPH BRAMAH。



The inventive faculty

Joseph Bramah's early life

His amateur work

Apprenticed to a carpenter

Starts as cabinet…maker in London

Takes out a patent for his water…closet

Makes pumps and ironwork

Invention of his lock

Invents tools required in lock…making

Invents his hydrostatic machine

His hydraulic press

The leathern collar invented by Henry Maudslay

Bramah's other inventions

His fire…engine

His beer…pump

Improvements in the steam…engine

His improvements in machine…tools

His number…printing machine

His pen…cutter

His hydraulic machinery

Practises as civil engineer

Altercation with William Huntington; 〃S。S。〃

Bramah's character and death





CHAPTER XII。



HENRY MAUDSLAY。



The Maudslays

Henry Maudslay

Employed as powder…boy in Woolwich Arsenal

Advanced to the blacksmiths' shop

His early dexterity in smith…work

His 〃trivet〃 making

Employed by Bramah

Proves himself a first…class workman

Advanced to be foreman of the works

His inventions of tools required for lock…making

His invention of the leathern collar in the hydraulic press

Leaves Bramah's service and begins business for himself

His first smithy in Wells Street

His first job

Invention of the slide…lathe

Resume of the history of the turning…lathe

Imperfection of tools about the middle of last century

The hand…lathe

Great advantages of the slide rest

First extensively used in constructing Brunel's Block Machinery

Memoir of Brunel

Manufacture of ships' blocks

Sir S。 Bentham's specifications

Introduction of Brunel to Maudslay

The block…machinery made; and its success

Increased operations of the firm

Improvements in the steam…engine

Invention of the punching…machine

Further improvements in the slide…lathe

Screw…cutting machine

Maudslay a dexterous and thoughtful workman

His character described by his pupil; James Nasmyth

Anecdotes and traits

Maudslay's works a first…class school for workmen

His mode of estimating character

His death





CHAPTER XIII。



JOSEPH CLEMENT。



Skill in contrivance a matter of education

Birth and parentage of Joseph Clement

Apprenticed to the trade of a slater

His skill in amateur work

Makes a turning…lathe

Gives up slating; and becomes a mechanic

Employed at Kirby Stephen in making power…looms

Removes to Carlisle

Glasgow

Peter Nicholson teaches him drawing

Removes to Aberdeen

Works as a mechanic and attends College

London

Employed by Alexander Galloway

Employed by Bramah

Advanced to be foreman

Draughtsman at Maudslay and Field's

Begins business on his own account

His skill as a mechanical draughtsman

Invents his drawing instrument

His drawing…table

His improvements in the self…acting lathe

His double…driving centre…chuck and two…armed driver

His fluted taps and dies

Invention of his Planing Machine

Employed to make Babbage's Calculating Machine

Resume of the history of apparatus for making calculations

Babbage's engine proceeded with

Its great cost

Interruption of the work

Clement's steam…whistles

Makes an organ

Character and death





CHAPTER XIV。



FOX OF DERBYMURRAY OF LEEDSROBERTS AND WHITWORTH OF MANCHESTER。



The first Fox of Derby originally a butler

His genius for mechanics

Begins business as a machinist

Invents a Planing Machine

Matthew Murray's Planing Machine

Murray's early career

Employed as a blacksmith by Marshall of Leeds

His improvements of flax…machinery

Improvements in steam…engines

Makes the first working locomotive for Mr。 Blenkinsop

Invents the Heckling Machine

His improvements in tools

Richard Roberts of Manchester

First a quarryman; next a pattern…maker

Drawn for the militia; and flies

His travels

His first employment at Manchester

Goes to London; and works at Maudslay's

Roberts's numerous inventions

Invents a planing machine

The self…acting mule

Iron billiard…tables

Improvements in the locomotive

Invents the Jacquard punching machine

Makes turret…clocks and electro…magnets

Improvement in screw…steamships

Mr。 Whitworth's improvement of the planing machine

His method of securing true surfaces

His great mechanical skill





CHAPTER XV。



JAMES NASMYTH。



Traditional origin of the Naesmyths

Alexander Nasmyth the painter; and his family

Early years of James Nasmyth

The story of his life told by himself

Becomes a pupil of Henry Maudslay

How he lived and worked in London

Begins business at Manchester

Story of the invention of the Steam Hammer

The important uses of the Hammer in modem engineering

Invents the steam pile…driving machine

Designs a new form of steam…engine

Other inventi

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