industrial biography-第2节
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Early Sheffield manufactures
Invention of blistered steel
Important uses of cast…steel
Le Play's writings on the subject
Early career of Benjamin Huntsman at Doncaster
His experiments in steel…making
Removes to the neighbourhood of Sheffield
His laborious investigations； failures； and eventual success
Process of making cast…steel
The Sheffield manufacturers refuse to use it
Their opposition foiled
How they wrested Huntsman's secret from him
Important results of the invention to the industry of Sheffield
Henry Bessemer and his process
Heath's invention
Practical skill of the Sheffield artisans
CHAPTER VII。
THE INVENTIONS OF HENRY CORT。
Parentage of Henry Cort
Becomes a navy agent
State of the iron trade
Cort's experiments in iron…making
Takes a foundry at Fontley
Partnership with Jellicoe
Various improvers in iron…making： Roebuck； Cranege； Onions
Cort's improved processes described
His patents
His inventions adopted by Crawshay； Homfray； and other ironmasters
Cort's iron approved by the Admiralty
Public defalcations of Adam Jellicoe； Cort's partner
Cort's property and patents confiscated
Public proceedings thereon
Ruin of Henry Cort
Account of Richard Crawshay； the great ironmaster
His early life
Ironmonger in London
Starts an iron…furnace at Merthyr Tydvil
Projects and makes a canal
Growth of Merthyr Tydvil and its industry
Henry Cort the founder of the iron aristocracy； himself unrewarded
CHAPTER VIII。
THE SCOTCH IRON MANUFACTUREDr。 ROEBUCKDAVID MUSHET。
Dr。 Roebuck； a forgotten public benefactor
His birth and education
Begins business as a physician at Birmingham
Investigations in metallurgy
Removes to Scotland； and begins the manufacture of chemicals； &c。
Starts the Carron Iron Works； near Falkirk
His invention of refining iron in a pit…coal fire
Embarks in coal…mining at Boroughstoness
Residence at Kinneil House
Pumping…engines wanted for his colliery
Is introduced to James Watt
Progress of Watt in inventing the steam…engine
Interviews with Dr。 Roebuck
Roebuck becomes a partner in the steam…engine patent
Is involved in difficulties； and eventually ruined
Advance of the Scotch iron trade
Discovery of the Black Band by David Mushet
Early career of Mushet
His laborious experiments
His inventions and discoveries in iron and steel； and death
CHAPTER IX。
INVENTION OF THE HOT BLASTJAMES BEAUMONT NEILSON。
Difficulty of smelting the Black Band by ordinary process until the
invention of the hot blast
Early career of James Beaumont Neilson
Education and apprenticeship
Works as an engine…fireman
As colliery engine…wright
Appointed foreman of the Glasgow Gas…works； afterwards manager and engineer
His self…education
His Workmen's Institute
His experiments in iron…smelting
Trials with heated air in the blast…furnace
Incredulity of ironmasters
Success of his experiments； and patenting of his process
His patent right disputed； and established
Extensive application of the hot blast
Increase of the Scotch iron trade
Extraordinary increase in the value of estates yielding Black Band
Scotch iron aristocracy
CHAPTER X。
MECHANICAL INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS。
Tools and civilization
The beginnings of tools
Dexterity of hand chiefly relied on
Opposition to manufacturing machines
Gradual process of invention
The human race the true inventor
Obscure origin of many inventions
Inventions born before their time
〃Nothing new under the sun〃
The power of steam known to the ancients
Passage from Roger Bacon
Old inventions revived
Printing
Atmospheric locomotion
The balloon
The reaping machine
Tunnels
Gunpowder
Ancient firearms
The steam gun
The Congreve rocket
Coal…gas
Hydropathy
Anaesthetic agents
The Daguerreotype anticipated
The electric telegraph not new
Forgotten inventors
Disputed inventions
Simultaneous inventions
Inventions made step by step
James Watt's difficulties with his workmen
Improvements in modern machine…tools
Their perfection
The engines of 〃The Warrior〃
CHAPTER XI。
JOSEPH BRAMAH。
The inventive faculty
Joseph Bramah's early life
His amateur work
Apprenticed to a carpenter
Starts as cabinet…maker in London
Takes out a patent for his water…closet
Makes pumps and ironwork
Invention of his lock
Invents tools required in lock…making
Invents his hydrostatic machine
His hydraulic press
The leathern collar invented by Henry Maudslay
Bramah's other inventions
His fire…engine
His beer…pump
Improvements in the steam…engine
His improvements in machine…tools
His number…printing machine
His pen…cutter
His hydraulic machinery
Practises as civil engineer
Altercation with William Huntington； 〃S。S。〃
Bramah's character and death
CHAPTER XII。
HENRY MAUDSLAY。
The Maudslays
Henry Maudslay
Employed as powder…boy in Woolwich Arsenal
Advanced to the blacksmiths' shop
His early dexterity in smith…work
His 〃trivet〃 making
Employed by Bramah
Proves himself a first…class workman
Advanced to be foreman of the works
His inventions of tools required for lock…making
His invention of the leathern collar in the hydraulic press
Leaves Bramah's service and begins business for himself
His first smithy in Wells Street
His first job
Invention of the slide…lathe
Resume of the history of the turning…lathe
Imperfection of tools about the middle of last century
The hand…lathe
Great advantages of the slide rest
First extensively used in constructing Brunel's Block Machinery
Memoir of Brunel
Manufacture of ships' blocks
Sir S。 Bentham's specifications
Introduction of Brunel to Maudslay
The block…machinery made； and its success
Increased operations of the firm
Improvements in the steam…engine
Invention of the punching…machine
Further improvements in the slide…lathe
Screw…cutting machine
Maudslay a dexterous and thoughtful workman
His character described by his pupil； James Nasmyth
Anecdotes and traits
Maudslay's works a first…class school for workmen
His mode of estimating character
His death
CHAPTER XIII。
JOSEPH CLEMENT。
Skill in contrivance a matter of education
Birth and parentage of Joseph Clement
Apprenticed to the trade of a slater
His skill in amateur work
Makes a turning…lathe
Gives up slating； and becomes a mechanic
Employed at Kirby Stephen in making power…looms
Removes to Carlisle
Glasgow
Peter Nicholson teaches him drawing
Removes to Aberdeen
Works as a mechanic and attends College
London
Employed by Alexander Galloway
Employed by Bramah
Advanced to be foreman
Draughtsman at Maudslay and Field's
Begins business on his own account
His skill as a mechanical draughtsman
Invents his drawing instrument
His drawing…table
His improvements in the self…acting lathe
His double…driving centre…chuck and two…armed driver
His fluted taps and dies
Invention of his Planing Machine
Employed to make Babbage's Calculating Machine
Resume of the history of apparatus for making calculations
Babbage's engine proceeded with
Its great cost
Interruption of the work
Clement's steam…whistles
Makes an organ
Character and death
CHAPTER XIV。
FOX OF DERBYMURRAY OF LEEDSROBERTS AND WHITWORTH OF MANCHESTER。
The first Fox of Derby originally a butler
His genius for mechanics
Begins business as a machinist
Invents a Planing Machine
Matthew Murray's Planing Machine
Murray's early career
Employed as a blacksmith by Marshall of Leeds
His improvements of flax…machinery
Improvements in steam…engines
Makes the first working locomotive for Mr。 Blenkinsop
Invents the Heckling Machine
His improvements in tools
Richard Roberts of Manchester
First a quarryman； next a pattern…maker
Drawn for the militia； and flies
His travels
His first employment at Manchester
Goes to London； and works at Maudslay's
Roberts's numerous inventions
Invents a planing machine
The self…acting mule
Iron billiard…tables
Improvements in the locomotive
Invents the Jacquard punching machine
Makes turret…clocks and electro…magnets
Improvement in screw…steamships
Mr。 Whitworth's improvement of the planing machine
His method of securing true surfaces
His great mechanical skill
CHAPTER XV。
JAMES NASMYTH。
Traditional origin of the Naesmyths
Alexander Nasmyth the painter； and his family
Early years of James Nasmyth
The story of his life told by himself
Becomes a pupil of Henry Maudslay
How he lived and worked in London
Begins business at Manchester
Story of the invention of the Steam Hammer
The important uses of the Hammer in modem engineering
Invents the steam pile…driving machine
Designs a new form of steam…engine
Other inventi
