industrial biography-第15节

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ironmasters　raised　a　fresh　outcry　against　him；　and　addressed　another

strong　memorial　against　Dud　and　his　iron　to　King　James。　　This　seems　to

have　taken　effect；　and　in　order　to　ascertain　the　quality　of　the

article　by　testing　it　upon　a　large　scale；　the　King　commanded　Dudley

to　send　up　to　the　Tower　of　London；　with　every　possible　speed；

quantities　of　all　the　sorts　of　bar…iron　made　by　him；　fit　for　the

〃making　of　muskets；　carbines；　and　iron　for　great　bolts　for　shipping；

which　iron；〃　continues　Dud；　〃being　so　tried　by　artists　and　smiths；

the　ironmasters　and　iron…mongers　were　all　silenced　until　the　21st

year　of　King　James's　reign。〃　　The　ironmasters　then　endeavoured　to　get

the　Dudley　patent　included　in　the　monopolies　to　be　abolished　by　the

statute　of　that　year；　but　all　they　could　accomplish　was　the

limitation　of　the　patent　to　fourteen　years　instead　of　thirty…one；　the

special　exemption　of　the　patent　from　the　operation　of　the　statute

affording　a　sufficient　indication　of　the　importance　already　attached

to　the　invention。　　After　that　time　Dudley　〃went　on　with　his　invention

cheerfully；　and　made　annually　great　store　of　iron；　good　and

merchantable；　and　sold　it　unto　diverse　men　at　twelve　pounds　per　ton。〃

〃I　also；〃　said　he；　〃made　all　sorts　of　cast…iron　wares；　as　brewing

cisterns；　pots；　mortars；　&c。；　better　and　cheaper　than　any　yet　made　in

these　nations　with　charcoal；　some　of　which　are　yet　to　be　seen　by　any

man　（at　the　author's　house　in　the　city　of　Worcester）　that　desires　to

be　satisfied　of　the　truth　of　the　invention。〃



Notwithstanding　this　decided　success；　Dudley　encountered　nothing　but

trouble　and　misfortune。　　The　ironmasters　combined　to　resist　his

invention；　they　fastened　lawsuit's　upon　him；　and　succeeded　in　getting

him　ousted　from　his　works　at　Cradley。　　From　thence　he　removed　to

Himley　in　the　county　of　Stafford；　where　he　set　up　a　pit…coal　furnace；

but　being　without　the　means　of　forging　the　iron　into　bars；　he　was

constrained　to　sell　the　pig…iron　to　the　charcoal…ironmasters；　〃who

did　him　much　prejudice；　not　only　by　detaining　his　stock；　but　also　by

disparaging　his　iron。〃　　He　next　proceeded　to　erect　a　large　new　furnace

at　Hasco　Bridge；　near　Sedgeley；　in　the　same　county；　for　the　purpose

of　carrying　out　the　manufacture　on　the　most　improved　principles。　　This

furnace　was　of　stone；　twenty…seven　feet　square；　provided　with

unusually　large　bellows；　and　when　in　full　work　he　says　he　was　enabled

to　turn　out　seven　tons　of　iron　per　week；　〃the　greatest　quantity　of

pit…coal　iron　ever　yet　made　in　Great　Britain。〃　　At　the　same　place　he

discovered　and　opened　out　new　workings　of　coal　ten　feet　thick；　lying

immediately　over　the　ironstone；　and　he　prepared　to　carry　on　his

operations　on　a　large　scale；　but　the　new　works　were　scarcely　finished

when　a　mob　of　rioters；　instigated　by　the　charcoal…ironmasters；　broke

in　upon　them；　cut　in　pieces　the　new　bellows；　destroyed　the　machinery；

and　laid　the　results　of　all　his　deep…laid　ingenuity　and　persevering

industry　in　ruins。　　From　that　time　forward　Dudley　was　allowed　no　rest

nor　peace：　　he　was　attacked　by　mobs；　worried　by　lawsuits；　and

eventually　overwhelmed　by　debts。　　He　was　then　seized　by　his　creditors

and　sent　up　to　London；　where　he　was　held　a　prisoner　in　the　Comptoir

for　several　thousand　pounds。　　The　charcoal…iron　men　thus　for　a　time

remained　masters　of　the　field。



Charles　I。　seems　to　have　taken　pity　on　the　suffering　inventor；　and　on

his　earnest　petition；　setting　forth　the　great　advantages　to　the

nation　of　his　invention；　from　which　he　had　as　yet　derived　no

advantage；　but　only　losses；　sufferings；　and　persecution；　the　King

granted　him　a　renewal　of　his　patent*

　＇footnote。。。

Patent　No。　117；　Old　Series；　granted　in　1638；　to　Sir　George　Horsey；

David　Ramsey；　Roger　Foulke；　and　Dudd　Dudley。

　。。。＇

in　the　year　1638；　three　other　gentlemen　joining　him　as　partners；　and

doubtless　providing　the　requisite　capital　for　carrying　on　the

manufacture　after　the　plans　of　the　inventor。　　But　Dud's　evil　fortune

continued　to　pursue　him。　　The　patent　had　scarcely　been　securedere　the

Civil　War　broke　out；　and　the　arts　of　peace　must　at　once　perforce　give

place　to　the　arts　of　war。　　Dud's　nature　would　not　suffer　him　to　be

neutral　at　such　a　time；　and　when　the　nation　divided　itself　into　two

hostile　camps；　his　predilections　being　strongly　loyalist；　he　took　the

side　of　the　King　with　his　father。　　It　would　appear　from　a　petition

presented　by　him　to　Charles　II。　in　1660；　setting　forth　his　sufferings

in　the　royal　cause；　and　praying　for　restoral　to　certain　offices　which

he　had　enjoyed　under　Charles　I。；　that　as　early　as　the　year　1637　he

had　been　employed　by　the　King　on　a　mission　into　Scotland；*

　＇footnote。。。

By　his　own　account；　given　in　Metallum　Martis；　while　in　Scotland　in

1637；　he　visited　the　Highlands　as　well　as　the　Lowlands；　spending　the

whole　summer　of　that　year　〃in　opening　of　mines　and　making　of

discoveries；〃　spending　part　of　the　time　with　Sir　James　Hope　of　Lead

Hills；　near　where；　he　says；　〃he　got　gold。〃　　It　does　not　appear；

however；　that　any　iron　forges　existed　in　Scotland　at　the　time：　　indeed

Dudley　expressly　says　that　〃Scotland　maketh　no　iron；〃　and　in　his

treatise　of　1665　he　urges　that　the　Corporation　of　the　Mines　Royal

should　set　him　and　his　inventions　at　work　to　enable　Scotland　to　enjoy

the　benefit　of　a　cheap　and　abundant　supply　of　the　manufactured

article。

　。。。＇

in　the　train　of　the　Marquis　of　Hamilton；　the　King's　Commissioner。

Again　in　1639；　leaving　his　ironworks　and　partners；　he　accompanied

Charles　on　his　expedition　across　the　Scotch　border；　and　was　present

with　the　army　until　its　discomfiture　at　Newburn　near　Newcastle　in　the

following　year。



The　sword　was　now　fairly　drawn；　and　Dud　seems　for　a　time　to　have

abandoned　his　iron…works　and　followed　entirely　the　fortunes　of　the

king。　　He　was　sworn　surveyor　of　the　Mews　or　Armoury　in　1640；　but　being

unable　to　pay　for　the　patent；　another　was　sworn　in　in　his　place。　　Yet

his　loyalty　did　not　falter；　for　in　the　beginning　of　1642；　when

Charles　set　out　from　London；　shortly　after　the　fall　of　Strafford　and

Laud；　Dud　went　with　him。*

　＇footnote。。。

The　Journals　of　the　House　of　Commons；　of　the　13th　June；　1642；　contain

the　resolution　〃that　Captain　Wolseley；　Ensign　Dudley；　and　John

Lometon　be　forthwith　sent　for；　as　delinquents；　by　the

Serjeant…at…Arms　attending　on　the　House；　for　giving　interruption　to

the　execution　of　the　ordinance　of　the　militia　in　the　county　of

Leicester。〃

　。。。＇

He　was　present　before　Hull　when　Sir　John　Hotham　shut　its　gates　in　the

king's　face；　at　York　when　the　royal　commissions　of　array　were　sent

out　enjoining　all　loyal　subjects　to　send　men；　arms；　money；　and

horses；　for　defence　of　the　king　and　maintenance　of　the　law；　at

Nottingham；　where　the　royal　standard　was　raised；　at　Coventry；　where

the　townspeople　refused　the　king　entrance　and　fired　upon　his　troops

from　the　walls；　at　Edgehill；　where　the　first　great　but　indecisive

battle　was　fought　between　the　contending　parties；　in　short；　as　Dud

Dudley　states　in　his　petition；　he　was　〃in　most　of　the　battailes　that

year；　and　also　supplyed　his　late　sacred　Majestie's　magazines　of

Stafford；　Worcester；　Dudley　Castle；　and　Oxford；　with　arms；　shot；

drakes；　and　cannon；　and　also；　became　major　unto　Sir　Frauncis

Worsley's　regiment；　which　was　much　decaied。〃



In　1643；　according　to　the　statement　contained　in　his　petition　above

referred　to；　Dud　Dudley　acted　as　military　engineer　in　setting　out　the

fortifications　of　Worcester　and　Stafford；　and　furnishing　them　with

ordnance。　　After　the　taking　of　Lichfield；　in　which　he　had　a　share；　he

was　made　Colonel　of　Dragoons；　and　accompanied　the　Queen　with　his

regiment　to　the　royal　head…quarters　at　Oxford。　　The　year　after　we　find

him　at　the　siege　of　Gloucester；　then　at　the　first　battle　of　Newbury

leading　the　forlorn　hope　with　Sir　George　Lisle；　afterwards　marching

with　Sir　Charles　Lucas　into　the　associate　counties；　and　present　at

the　royalist　rout　at　Newport。　　That　he　was　esteemed　a　valiant　and

skilful　officer　is　apparent　from　the　circumstance；　that　in　1645　he

was　appointed　general　of　Prince　Maurice's　train　of　artillery；　and

afterwards　held　the　same　rank　under　Lord　Ashley。　　The　iron　districts

being　still　for　the　most　part　occupied　by　the　royal　armies；　our

military　engineer　turned　his　practical　experience　to　account　by

directing　the　forging　of　drakes*

　＇footnote。。。

Small　pieces　of　artillery；　specimens　of　which　are　still　to　be　seen　in

the　museum　at　Woolwich　Arsenal　and　at　the　Tower。　　。。。＇

　of　bar…iron；　which　were　found　of　great　use；　giving　up　his　own

dwelling…house　in　the　city　of　Worcester　for　the　purpose　of　carrying

on　the　manufacture　of　these　and　other　arms。　　But　Worcester　and　the

western　towns　fell　before　the　Parliamentarian　armies　in　1646；　and　all

the　iron…works　belonging　to　royalists；　from　which　the　principal

supplies　of　arms　had　been　drawn　by　the　King's　army；　were　forthwith

destroyed。



Dudley　fully　shared　in　the　dangers　and　vicissi