science of logic-第64节

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that　considered　it；　fell　within　our　knowing。　

The　method　is　this　knowing　itself；　for　which　the　Notion　is　not　merely　the　subject　matter；　but
knowing's　own　subjective　act；　the　instrument　and　means　of　the　cognising　activity；　distinguished
from　that　activity；　but　only　as　the　activity's　own　essentiality。　In　the　cognition　of　enquiry；　the　method
likewise　occupies　the　position　of　an　instrument；　of　a　means　standing　on　the　subjective　side　by
which　this　side　relates　itself　to　the　object。　In　this　syllogism　the　subject　is　one　extreme　and　the
object　the　other；　and　the　former　by　means　of　its　method　unites　with　the　latter；　but　in　doing　so　it
does　not　unite　with　itself。　The　extremes　remain　diverse　because　subject；　method；　and　object　are
not　posited　as　the　one　identical　Notion；　the　syllogism　is　therefore　still　the　formal　syllogism；　the
premises　in　which　the　subject　posits　the　form　on　its　side　as　its　method　is　an　immediate
determination；　and　therefore　contains　the　determinations　of　form；　as　we　have　seen；　of　definition；
division；　and　so　forth；　as　facts　found　existing　in　the　subject。　
In　true　cognition　on　the　contrary；　the　method　is　not　merely　an　aggregate　of　certain　determinations；
but　the　Notion　that　is　determined　in　and　for　itself；　and　the　Notion　is　the　middle　term　only　because　it
has　equally　the　significance　of　the　objective；　and　consequently　in　the　conclusion　the　objective　does
not　merely　attain　an　external　determinateness　by　means　of　the　method；　but　is　posited　in　its　identity
with　the　subjective　Notion。　

I。　Thus　what　constitute　the　method　are　the　determinations　of　the　Notion　itself　and　their　relations；
which　we　have　now　to　consider　in　their　significance　as　determinations　of　the　method。　In　doing　so
we　must　first　begin　with　the　beginning。　Of　the　beginning　we　have　already　spoken　at　the　beginning
of　the　Logic　itself；　and　also　above；　when　dealing　with　subjective　cognition；　and　we　have　shown
that；　if　it　is　not　made　arbitrarily　and　with　a　categorical　unconsciousness；　it　may　indeed　seem　to
involve　a　number　of　difficulties　but　nevertheless　is　of　an　extremely　simple　nature。　Because　it　is　the
beginning；　its　content　is　an　immediate；　but　an　immediate　that　has　the　significance　and　form　of
abstract　universality。　Be　it　otherwise　a　content　of　being；　or　of　essence；　or　of　the　Notion；　it　is　as
an　immediate　something　assumed；　found　already　in　existence；　assertorical。　But　first　of　all　it　is
not　an　immediate　of　sensuous　intuition　or　of　representation；　but　of　thinking；　which　on　account
of　its　immediacy　may　also　be　called　a　supersensuous　inner　intuition。　

The　immediate　of　sensuous　intuition　is　a　manifold　and　an　individual。　But　cognition　is　thinking　by
means　of　notions；　and　therefore　its　beginning　also　is　only　in　the　element　of　thought　…　it　is　a
simple　and　a　universal。　This　form　has　already　been　discussed　under　definition。　At　the　beginning　of
finite　cognition　universality　is　likewise　recognised　as　an　essential　determination；　but　it　is　taken　as　a
determination　of　thought　and　of　Notion　only　in　opposition　to　being。　In　point　of　fact　this　first
universality　is　an　immediate　one；　and　for　that　reason　has　equally　the　significance　of　being；　for
being　is　precisely　this　abstract　relation…to…self。　Being　requires　no　further　derivation；　as　though　it
belonged　to　the　abstract　product　of　definition　only　because　it　is　taken　from　sensuous　intuition　or
elsewhere；　and　in　so　far　as　it　is　pointed　out　to　us。　This　pointing　out　and　derivation　is　a　matter　of
mediation；　which　is　more　than　a　mere　beginning；　and　is　a　mediation　of　a　kind　that　does　not　belong
to　a　comprehension　by　means　of　thinking；　but　is　the　elevation　of　ordinary　thinking；　of　the　empirical
and　ratiocinative　consciousness；　to　the　standpoint　of　thought。　According　to　the　current　opposition
of　thought　or　concept　and　being　it　is　regarded　as　an　important　truth　that　no　being　belongs　as　yet　to
the　former；　taken　on　its　own；　and　that　the　latter　has　a　ground　of　its　own　that　is　independent　of
thought。　But　the　simple　determination　of　being　is　in　itself　so　meagre　that；　if　only　for　that　reason；
there　is　no　need　to　make　much　fuss　about　it；　the　universal　is　immediately　itself　this　immediate；　since
as　abstract　it　also　is　merely　the　abstract　relation…to…self；　which　is　being。　As　a　matter　of　fact；　the
demand　that　being　should　be　exhibited　for　us　to　see　has　a　further；　inner　meaning　involving　more
than　this　abstract　determination；　what　is　meant　by　it　is　in　general　the　demand　for　the　realisation　of
the　Notion；　which　realisation　does　not　lie　in　the　beginning　itself；　but　is　rather　the　goal　and　the　task
of　the　entire　further　development　of　cognition。　Further；　since　the　content　of　the　beginning　is
supposed　to　be　justified　and　authenticated　as　something　true　or　correct　by　its　being　pointed　out　in
inner　or　outer　perception；　it　is　no　longer　the　form　of　universality　as　such　that　is　meant；　but　its
determinateness；　of　which　we　shall　need　to　speak　presently。　The　authentication　of　the
determinate　content　with　which　the　beginning　is　made　seems　to　lie　behind　it；　but　in　fact　it　is　to　be
considered　as　an　advance；　that　is；　if　it　belongs　to　philosophical　cognition。　

Hence　the　beginning　has　for　the　method　no　other　determinateness　than　that　of　being　simple　and
universal；　this　is　itself　the　determinateness　by　reason　of　which　it　is　deficient。　Universality　is　the　pure
simple　Notion；　and　the　method；　as　consciousness　of　the　Notion；　knows　that　universality　is　only　a
moment　and　that　in　it　the　Notion　is　not　yet　determined　in　and　for　itself。　But　with　this　consciousness
that　would　carry　the　beginning　further　only　for　the　sake　of　the　method；　the　method　would　be　a
formal　affair；　something　posited　in　external　reflection。　Since　however　it　is　the　objective　immanent
form；　the　immediate　of　the　beginning　must　be　in　its　own　self　deficient　and　endowed　with　the　urge
to　carry　itself　further。　But　in　the　absolute　method　the　universal　has　the　value　not　of　a　mere
abstraction　but　of　the　objective　universal；　that　is；　the　universal　that　is　in　itself　the　concrete
totality；　though　that　totality　is　not　yet　posited；　is　not　yet　for　itself。　Even　the　abstract　universal　as
such；　considered　in　its　Notion；　that　is　in　its　truth；　is　not　merely　the　simple；　but　as　abstract　is
already　posited　as　infected　with　a　negation。　For　this　reason　too　there　is　nothing；　whether　in
actuality　or　in　thought；　that　is　as　simple　and　as　abstract　as　is　commonly　imagined。　A　simple　thing
of　this　kind　is　a　mere　presumption　that　has　its　ground　solely　in　the　unconsciousness　of　what　is
actually　present。　Above；　that　with　which　the　beginning　is　made　was　determined　as　the　immediate；
the　immediacy　of　the　universal　is　the　same　thing　that　is　here　expressed　as　the　in…itself　that　is
without　a　being…for…self。　Hence　it　may　indeed　be　said　that　every　beginning　must　be　made　with　the
absolute；　just　as　all　advance　is　merely　the　exposition　of　it；　in　so　far　as　its　in…itself　is　the　Notion。
But　because　the　absolute　is　at　first　only　in　itself　it　equally　is　not　the　absolute　nor　the　posited
Notion；　and　also　not　the　Idea；　for　what　characterises　these　is　precisely　the　fact　that　in　them　the
in…itself　is　only　an　abstract；　one…sided　moment。　Hence　the　advance　is　not　a　kind　of　superfluity；
this　it　would　be　if　that　with　which　the　beginning　is　made　were　in　truth　already　the　absolute；　the
advance　consists　rather　in　the　universal　determining　itself　and　being　for　itself　the　universal；　that　is；
equally　an　individual　and　a　subject。　Only　in　its　consummation　is　it　the　absolute。　

It　is　to　be　recalled　that　the　beginning；　which　is　in　itself　a　concrete　totality；　may　as　beginning　also
be　free　and　its　immediacy　have　the　determination　of　an　external　existence；　the　germ　of　the
living　being　and　the　subjective　end　in　general　have　proved　themselves　to　be　such　beginnings　and
therefore　both　are　themselves　urges。　

The　non…spiritual　and　inanimate；　on　the　contrary；　are　the　Notion　only　as　real　possibility；　cause　is
the　highest　stage　in　which　the　concrete　Notion；　as　a　beginning　in　the　sphere　of　necessity　has　an
immediate　existence；　but　it　is　not　yet　a　subject　that　maintains　itself　as　such　even　in　its　actual
realisation。　The　sun；　for　example；　and　in　general　all　inanimate　things；　are　determinate　concrete
existences　in　which　real　possibility　remains　an　inner　totality　and　the　moments　of　the　totality　are　not
posited　in　subjective　form　in　them　and；　in　so　far　as　they　realise　themselves；　attain　an　existence　by
means　of　other　corporeal　individuals。　

2。　The　concrete　totality　which　makes　the　beginning　contains　as　such　within　itself　the　beginning　of
the　advance　and　development。　As　concrete；　it　is　differentiated　within　itself：　but　by　reason　of　its
first　immediacy　the　first　differentiated　determinations　are　in　the　first　instance　merely　a　diversity。　

The　immediate；　however；　as　self…related　universality；　as　subject；　is　also　the　unity　of　these　diverse
determinations。　This　reflection　is　the　first　stage　of　the　movement　onwards　…　the　emergence　of　real
difference；　judgement；　the　process　of　determining　in　general。　The　essential　point　is　that　the
absolute　method　finds　and　cognises　the　determination　of　the　universal　within　the　latter　itself。　The
procedure　of　the　finite　cognition　of　the　understanding　here　is　to　take　up　agai