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and lampblack ad libitum。 Boil the whole

again in a covered vessel; and stir the fluid well to

effect the complete solution and admixture of the

gum arabic。 Stir it occasionally while it is cooling;

and after it has remained undisturbed for two

or three hours; that the excess of indigo and lamp…

black may subside; bottle it for use。 The above

ink for documentary purposes is invaluable; being

under all ordinary circumstances; indestructible。

It is also particularly well adapted for the use of

the laboratory。 Five drops of creosote added to a

pint of ordinary ink will effectually prevent its becoming

mouldy。〃

 *   *    *    *    *    *    *    *



〃In November; 1854; Mr。 Grace Calvert read a

paper before the London Society of Arts in which

he said that he hoped before long some valuable

dyeing substances other than carbo…azotic acid

would be prepared from coal tar。



〃In another paper read before the same society

in 1858 he said: 'This expectation has now been

fulfilled。 Messrs。 Perkins and Church have obtained

several blue coloring substances from the

alkaloids of coal tar; and one from naphthalene。'

Also that himself and Mr。 Charles Lowe had succeeded

in obtaining coal tar products yielding colors

of a beautiful pink; red; violet; purple; and

chocolate。 (These were not soluble in water)。〃

 *   *    *    *    *    *    *    *



〃Among vegetable substances useful in the arts

is one that has long been known in New Grenada

under the name of the ink…plant; as furnishing a

juice which can be used in writing without previous

preparation。 Characters traced with this substance

have a reddish color at first; which turns to a deep

black in a few hours。 This juice is said to be

really less liable to thicken than ordinary ink; and

not to corrode steel pens。 It resists the action of

water; and is practically indelible。 The plant is

known as coryaria thymifolia。〃

 *   *    *    *    *    *    *    *



〃Desormeaux recommends that the sulphate of

iron be calcined to whiteness; coarse brown sugar

instead of sugar candy; 1/4 oz。 acetate of copper;

instead of one ounce of the sulphate; and a drop

or two of creosote or essential oil of cloves to prevent

moulding。〃 (See Ribaucourt receipt; p。 194。)

 *   *    *    *    *    *    *    *



〃Mr。 John Spiller communicated to the London

Chemical News (1861) a paper on the employment

of carbon as a means of permanent record。 The

imperishable nature of carbon; in its various forms

of lamp…black; ivory…black; wood…charcoal; and

graphite or black lead; holds out much greater

promise of being usefully employed in the manufacture

of a permanent writing material; since; for

this substance; in its elementary condition and at

ordinary temperatures; there exists no solvent nor

chemical reagent capable of affecting its alteration。



〃The suggestion relative to the mode of applying

carbon to these purposes; which it is intended

more particularly now to enunciate; depends on

the fact of the separation of carbon from organic

compounds rich in that element; sugar; gum; etc。;

by the combined operation of heat and of chemical

reagents; such as sulphuric and phosphoric acids;

which exert a decomposing action in the same

direction; and by such means to effect the deposition

of the carbon within the pores of the

paper by a process of development to be performed

after the fluid writing ink has been to a certain

extent absorbed into its substancea system of

formation by which a considerable amount of resistance;

both to chemical and external influences;

appears to be secured。 An ink of the following

composition has been made the subject of experiment:

     〃Concentrated sulphuric acid;

     deeply colored with indigo 。。。。。。。。。。 1 fluid ounce。

     Water; 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 6   〃    〃

     Loaf Sugar;。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 1 ounce; troy。

     Strong mucilage of gum…arabic

                    2 to 3 fluid ounces。



〃Writing traced with a quill or gold pen dipped

in this ink dries to a pale blue color; but if now a

heated iron be passed over its surface; or the page

of manuscript be held near a fire; the writing will

quickly assume a jet black appearance; resulting

from the carbonization of the sugar by a warm

acid; and will have become so firmly engrafted

into the substance of the paper as to oppose considerable

difficulty to its removal or erasure by a

knife。 On account of the depth to which the

written characters usually penetrate; the sheets of

paper selected for use should be of the thickest

make; and good white cartridge paper; or that

known as 'cream laid;' preferred to such as are

colored blue with ultramarine; for; in the latter

case; a bleached halo is frequently perceptible

around the outlines of the letters; indicating the

partial destruction of the coloring matter by the

lateral action of the acid。



〃The writing produced in this manner seems indelible;

it resists the action of 〃salts of lemon;〃

and of oxalic; tartaric; and diluted hydrochloric

acids; agents which render nearly illegible the traces

of ordinary black writing ink; neither do alkaline

solutions exert any appreciable action on the carbon

ink。 This material possesses; therefore; many

advantageous qualities which would recommend its

adoption in cases where the question of permanence

is of paramount importance。 But it must; on the

other hand; be allowed that such an ink; in its

present form; would but inefficiently fulfil many of

the requirements necessary to bring it into common

use。 The peculiar method of development rendering

the application of heat imperative; and that of

a temperature somewhat above the boiling point of

water; together with the circumstance that it will

be found impossible with a thin sheet of paper to

write on both sides; must certainly be counted

among its more prominent disadvantages。〃

 *   *    *    *    *    *    *    *



〃Fire…proof ink for writing or printing on

incombustible paper is made according to the following

recipe: Graphite; finely ground; 22 drams;

copal or other resinous gum; 12 grains; sulphate

of iron; 2 drams; tincture of nutgalls; 2 drams;

and sulphate of indigo; 8 drams。 These substances

are thoroughly mixed and boiled in water;

and the ink thus obtained is said to be both fire…

proof and insoluble in water。 When any other

color but black is desired; the graphite is replaced

by an earthly mineral pigment of the desired color。〃

 *   *    *    *    *    *    *    *



〃Ineradicable Writing。A French technical

paper; specially devoted to the art and science of

paper manufacture; states that any alterations or

falsifications of writings in ordinary ink maybe rendered

impossible by passing the paper upon which

it is intended to write through a solution of one milligram

(0。01543 English grain) of gallic acid in as

much pure distilled water as will fill to a moderate

depth an ordinary soup…plate。 After the paper thus

prepared has become thoroughly dry; it may be

used as ordinary paper for writing; but any attempt

made to alter; falsify; or change anything written

thereon; will be left perfectly visible; and may thus

be readily detected。〃

 *   *    *    *    *    *    *    *



〃Exchequer Ink。To 40 pounds of galls; add

10 pounds of gum; 9 pounds of copperas; and 45

gallons of soft water。 This ink will endure for

centuries。〃

 *   *    *    *    *    *    *    *



〃Take of oil of lavender; 120 grains; of copal

in powder; 17 grains; red sulphuret of mercury; 60

grains。 The oil of lavender being dissipated with

a gentle heat; a colour will be left on the paper

surrounded with the copal; a substance insoluble

in water; spirits; acids; or alkaline solutions。



〃This composition possesses a permanent colour;

and a MSS。 written with it; may be exposed to the

process commonly used for restoring the colour of

printed books; without injury to the writing。 In

this manner interpolations with common ink may

be removed。〃

 *   *    *    *    *    *    *    *



Boil parchment slips or cuttings of glove

leather; in water till it forms a size; which; when

cool; becomes of the consistence of jelly; then;

having blackened an earthern plate; by holding it

over the flame of a candle; mix up with a camel

hair pencil; the fine lamp…black thus obtained; with

some of the above size; while the plate is still

warm。 This black requires no grinding; and produces

an ink of the same colour; which works as

fregy with the pencil; and is as perfectly

transparent as the best Indian ink。〃

 *   *    *    *    *    *    *    *



〃Instead of water use brandy; with the same

ingredients which enter into the composition of

any ink; and it will never freeze。〃

 *   *    *    *    *    *    *    *



〃Bacteria in InkAccording to experiments

which have recently been completed at Berlin and


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