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m　Powhattan；　he　brought　us　but　fourteen　bushels；　and　from　the　Monacans　nothing；　but　the　most　of　the　men　sicke　and　neare　famished。　　From　your　ship　we　had　not　provision　in　victuals　worth　twenty　pound；　and　we　are　more　than　two　hundred　to　live　upon　this；　the　one　halfe　sicke；　the　other　little　better。　　For　the　saylers　（I　confesse）；　they　daily　make　good　cheare；　but　our　dyet　is　a　little　meale　and　water；　and　not　sufficient　of　that。　Though　there　be　fish　in　the　Sea；　fowles　in　the　ayre；　and　beasts　in　the　woods；　their　bounds　are　so　large；　they　so　wilde；　and　we　so　weake　and　ignorant；　we　cannot　much　trouble　them。　　Captaine　Newport　we　much　suspect　to　be　the　Author　of　these　inventions。　　Now　that　you　should　know；　I　have　made　you　as　great　a　discovery　as　he；　for　less　charge　than　he　spendeth　you　every　meale；　I　had　sent　you　this　mappe　of　the　Countries　and　Nations　that　inhabit　them；　as　you　may　see　at　large。　Also　two　barrels　of　stones；　and　such　as　I　take　to　be　good。　　Iron　ore　at　the　least；　so　divided；　as　by　their　notes　you　may　see　in　what　places　I　found　them。　　The　souldiers　say　many　of　your　officers　maintaine　their　families　out　of　that　you　sent　us；　and　that　Newport　hath　an　hundred　pounds　a　year　for　carrying　newes。　　For　every　master　you　have　yet　sent　can　find　the　way　as　well　as　he；　so　that　an　hundred　pounds　might　be　spared；　which　is　more　than　we　have　all；　that　helps　to　pay　him　wages。　　Cap。　　Ratliffe　is　now　called　Sicklemore；　a　poore　counterfeited　Imposture。　　I　have　sent　you　him　home　least　the　Company　should　cut　his　throat。　　What　he　is；　now　every　one　can　tell　you：　if　he　and　Archer　returne　againe；　they　are　sufficient　to　keep　us　always　in　factions。　　When　you　send　againe　I　entreat　you　rather　send　but　thirty　carpenters；　husbandmen；　gardiners；　fishermen；　blacksmiths；　masons；　and　diggers　up　of　trees　roots；　well　provided；　then　a　thousand　of　such　as　we　have；　for　except　wee　be　able　both　to　lodge　them；　and　feed　them；　the　most　will　consume　with　want　of　necessaries　before　they　can　be　made　good　for　anything。　　Thus　if　you　please　to　consider　this　account；　and　the　unnecessary　wages　to　Captaine　Newport；　or　his　ships　so　long　lingering　and　staying　here　（for　notwithstanding　his　boasting　to　leave　us　victuals　for　12　months；　though　we　had　89　by　this　discovery　lame　and　sicke；　and　but　a　pinte　of　corne　a　day　for　a　man；　we　were　constrained　to　give　him　three　hogsheads　of　that　to　victuall　him　homeward）；　or　yet　to　send　into　Germany　or　Poleland　for　glassemen　and　the　rest；　till　we　be　able　to　sustaine　ourselves；　and　releeve　them　when　they　come。　　It　were　better　to　give　five　hundred　pound　a　ton　for　those　grosse　Commodities　in　Denmarke；　then　send　for　them　hither；　till　more　necessary　things　be　provided。　　For　in　over…toyling　our　weake　and　unskilfull　bodies；　to　satisfy　this　desire　of　present　profit；　we　can　scarce　ever　recover　ourselves　from　one　supply　to　another。　　And　I　humbly　intreat　you　hereafter；　let　us　have　what　we　should　receive；　and　not　stand　to　the　Saylers　courtesie　to　leave　us　what　they　please；　els　you　may　charge　us　what　you　will；　but　we　not　you　with　anything。　　These　are　the　causes　that　have　kept　us　in　Virginia　from　laying　such　a　foundation　that　ere　this　might　have　given　much　better　content　and　satisfaction；　but　as　yet　you　must　not　look　for　any　profitable　returning。　　So　I　humbly　rest。

After　the　departure　of　Newport；　Smith；　with　his　accustomed　resolution；　set　to　work　to　gather　supplies　for　the　winter。　　Corn　had　to　be　extorted　from　the　Indians　by　force。　　In　one　expedition　to　Nansemond；　when　the　Indians　refused　to　trade；　Smith　fired　upon　them；　and　then　landed　and　burned　one　of　their　houses；　whereupon　they　submitted　and　loaded　his　three　boats　with　corn。　　The　ground　was　covered　with　ice　and　snow；　and　the　nights　were　bitterly　cold。　　The　device　for　sleeping　warm　in　the　open　air　was　to　sweep　the　snow　away　from　the　ground　and　build　a　fire；　the　fire　was　then　raked　off　from　the　heated　earth　and　a　mat　spread；　upon　which　the　whites　lay　warm；　sheltered　by　a　mat　hung　up　on　the　windward　side；　until　the　ground　got　cold；　when　they　builded　a　fire　on　another　place。　　Many　a　cold　winter　night　did　the　explorers　endure　this　hardship；　yet　grew　fat　and　lusty　under　it。

About　this　time　was　solemnized　the　marriage　of　John　Laydon　and　Anne　Burrows；　the　first　in　Virginia。　　Anne　was　the　maid　of　Mistress　Forrest；　who　had　just　come　out　to　grow　up　with　the　country；　and　John　was　a　laborer　who　came　with　the　first　colony　in　1607。　　This　was　actually　the　〃First　Family　of　Virginia；〃　about　which　so　much　has　been　eloquently　said。

Provisions　were　still　wanting。　　Mr。　Scrivener　and　Mr。　Percy　returned　from　an　expedition　with　nothing。　　Smith　proposed　to　surprise　Powhatan；　and　seize　his　store　of　corn；　but　he　says　he　was　hindered　in　this　project　by　Captain　Winne　and　Mr。　Scrivener　（who　had　heretofore　been　considered　one　of　Smith's　friends）；　whom　he　now　suspected　of　plotting　his　ruin　in　England。

Powhatan　on　his　part　sent　word　to　Smith　to　visit　him；　to　send　him　men　to　build　a　house；　give　him　a　grindstone；　fifty　swords；　some　big　guns；　a　cock　and　a　hen；　much　copper　and　beads；　in　return　for　which　he　would　load　his　ship　with　corn。　　Without　any　confidence　in　the　crafty　savage；　Smith　humored　him　by　sending　several　workmen；　including　four　Dutchmen；　to　build　him　a　house。　　Meantime　with　two　barges　and　the　pinnace　and　forty…six　men；　including　Lieutenant　Percy；　Captain　Wirt；　and　Captain　William　Phittiplace；　on　the　29th　of　December　he　set　out　on　a　journey　to　the　Pamaunky；　or　York；　River。

The　first　night　was　spent　at　〃　Warraskogack；〃　the　king　of　which　warned　Smith　that　while　Powhatan　would　receive　him　kindly　he　was　only　seeking　an　opportunity　to　cut　their　throats　and　seize　their　arms。　Christmas　was　kept　with　extreme　winds；　rain；　frost　and　snow　among　the　savages　at　Kecoughton；　where　before　roaring　fires　they　made　merry　with　plenty　of　oysters；　fish；　flesh；　wild　fowls　and　good　bread。　　The　President　and　two　others　went　gunning　for　birds；　and　brought　down　one　hundred　and　forty…eight　fowls　with　three　shots。

Ascending　the　river；　on　the　12th　of　January　they　reached　Werowocomoco。　　The　river　was　frozen　half　a　mile　from　the　shore；　and　when　the　barge　could　not　come　to　land　by　reason　of　the　ice　and　muddy　shallows；　they　effected　a　landing　by　wading。　　Powhatan　at　their　request　sent　them　venison；　turkeys；　and　bread；　the　next　day　he　feasted　them；　and　then　inquired　when　they　were　going；　ignoring　his　invitation　to　them　to　come。　　Hereupon　followed　a　long　game　of　fence　between　Powhatan　and　Captain　Smith；　each　trying　to　overreach　the　other；　and　each　indulging　profusely　in　lies　and　pledges。　　Each　professed　the　utmost　love　for　the　other。

Smith　upbraided　him　with　neglect　of　his　promise　to　supply　them　with　corn；　and　told　him；　in　reply　to　his　demand　for　weapons；　that　he　had　no　arms　to　spare。　　Powhatan　asked　him；　if　he　came　on　a　peaceful　errand；　to　lay　aside　his　weapons；　for　he　had　heard　that　the　English　came　not　so　much　for　trade　as　to　invade　his　people　and　possess　his　country；　and　the　people　did　not　dare　to　bring　in　their　corn　while　the　English　were　around。

Powhatan　seemed　indifferent　about　the　building。　　The　Dutchmen　who　had　come　to　build　Powhatan　a　house　liked　the　Indian　plenty　better　than　the　risk　of　starvation　with　the　colony；　revealed　to　Powhatan　the　poverty　of　the　whites；　and　plotted　to　betray　them；　of　which　plot　Smith　was　not　certain　till　six　months　later。　　Powhatan　discoursed　eloquently　on　the　advantage　of　peace　over　war：　〃I　have　seen　the　death　of　all　my　people　thrice；〃　he　said；　〃and　not　any　one　living　of　those　three　generations　but　myself；　I　know　the　difference　of　peace　and　war　better　than　any　in　my　country。　　But　I　am　now　old　and　ere　long　must　die。〃　　He　wanted　to　leave　his　brothers　and　sisters　in　peace。　　He　heard　that　Smith　came　to　destroy　his　country。　　He　asked　him　what　good　it　would　do　to　destroy　them　that　provided　his　food；　to　drive　them　into　the　woods　where　they　must　feed　on　roots　and　acorns；　〃and　be　so　hunted　by　you　that　I　can　neither　rest；　eat　nor　sleep；　but　my　tired　men　must　watch；　and　if　a　twig　but　break　every　one　crieth；　there　cometh　Captain　Smith！〃　　They　might　live　in　peace；　and　trade；　if　Smith　would　only　lay　aside　his　arms。　　Smith；　in　return；　boasted　of　his　power　to　get　provisions；　and　said　that　he　had　only　been　restrained　from　violence　by　his　love　for　Powhatan；　that　the　Indians　came　armed　to　Jamestown；　and　it　was　the　habit　of　the　whites　to　wear　their　arms。　Powhatan　then　contrasted　the　liberality　of　Newport；　and　told　Smith　that　while　he　had　used　him　more　kindly　than　any　other　chief；　he　had　received　from　him　（Smith）　the　least　kindness　of　any。

Believing　that　the　palaver　was　only　to　get　an　opportunity　to　cut　his　throat；　Smith　got　the　savages　to　break　the　ice　in　order　to　bring　up　the　barge　and　load　it　with　corn；　and　gave　orders　for　his　soldiers　to　land　and　surprise　Powhatan；　meantime；　to　allay　his　suspicions；　telling　him　the　lie　that　next　day　he　would　lay　aside　his　arms　and　trust　Powhatan's　promises。　　But　Powhatan　was　not　to　be　caught　with　such　chaff。　　Leaving　two　or　three　women　to　talk　with　the　Captain　he　secretly　fled　away　with　his　women；　children；　and　luggage。　　When　Smith　perceived　this　treachery　he　fired　into　the　〃naked　devils〃　who　were　in　sight。　　The　next　day　Powhatan　sent　to　excuse　his　flight；　and　presented　him　a　bracelet　and　chain　of　pe