how to learn any language-µÚ30½Ú
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
learning¡¡Italian¡£¡¡Italians¡¡are¡¡nicer¡¡to¡¡foreigners¡¡trying¡¡to¡¡learn¡¡their¡¡language¡¡than¡¡any¡¡¡¡
other¡¡people¡¡whose¡¡language¡¡is¡¡a¡¡major¡¡one¡£¡¡A¡¡passable¡¡attempt¡¡to¡¡speak¡¡French¡¡in¡¡¡¡
France¡¡is¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡bring¡¡little¡¡but¡¡grudging¡¡comprehension¡¡from¡¡the¡¡French¡£¡¡A¡¡passable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡
attempt¡¡to¡¡speak¡¡Italian¡¡in¡¡Italy¡¡will¡¡likely¡¡lead¡¡to¡¡an¡¡explosive¡¡exclamation£»¡¡¡°Ahh£»¡¡you¡¡¡¡
speak¡¡our¡¡language£¡¡±¡¡followed¡¡by¡¡an¡¡offer¡¡of¡¡a¡¡free¡¡espresso¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
Dutch¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
It¡¯s¡¡easy¡¡to¡¡dismiss¡¡Dutch¡¡as¡¡a¡¡slim¡¡shadow¡¡of¡¡its¡¡big¡¡language¡¡neighbour£»¡¡German£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡
of¡¡possible¡¡interest¡¡only¡¡to¡¡those¡¡Americans¡¡eager¡¡to¡¡ingratiate¡¡themselves¡¡with¡¡an¡¡aging¡¡¡¡
aunt¡¡in¡¡Amsterdam¡¡with¡¡a¡¡valuable¡¡art¡¡collection¡£¡¡Not¡¡so¡¡fast¡£¡¡In¡¡addition¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Dutch¡¡¡¡
spoken¡¡in¡¡Holland£»¡¡there¡¡are¡¡millions¡¡of¡¡Belgians¡¡whose¡¡language¡¡may¡¡be¡¡officially¡¡¡¡
called¡¡Flemish¡¡but¡¡is¡¡actually¡¡nothing¡¡but¡¡Dutch¡¡going¡¡under¡¡an¡¡assumed¡¡name¡£¡¡You¡¯ve¡¡¡¡
also¡¡got¡¡millions¡¡of¡¡educated¡¡Indonesians¡¡who¡¡speak¡¡Dutch¡¡as¡¡a¡¡historical¡¡echo¡¡from¡¡the¡¡¡¡
four¡¡hundred¡¡years¡¡of¡¡Dutch¡¡colonial¡¡rule¡£¡¡Moreover£»¡¡Dutch¡¡is¡¡the¡¡mother¡¡tongue¡¡of¡¡¡¡
Afrikaans£»¡¡the¡¡language¡¡of¡¡those¡¡white¡¡South¡¡Africans¡¡whose¡¡ancestors¡¡were¡¡the¡¡Boers¡¡¡¡
£¨boer¡¡is¡¡the¡¡Dutch¡¡word¡¡for¡¡¡°farmer¡±£©¡£¡¡Afrikaaners¡¡not¡¡only¡¡understand¡¡Dutch¡¡but¡¡look¡¡¡¡
up¡¡to¡¡Dutch¡¡much¡¡as¡¡an¡¡Alabaman¡¡looks¡¡up¡¡to¡¡someone¡¡who¡¡speaks¡¡British¡¡English¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
Dutch¡¡is¡¡much¡¡simpler¡¡for¡¡Americans¡¡to¡¡learn¡¡than¡¡German¡£¡¡There¡¡are¡¡only¡¡two¡¡¡¡
genders¡¡£¨oddly¡¡enough£»¡¡not¡¡mascuine¡¡and¡¡feminine£»¡¡but¡¡common¡¡and¡¡neuter£©¡£¡¡Verb¡¡¡¡
endings¡¡don¡¯t¡¡change¡¡as¡¡much¡¡in¡¡Dutch¡¡as¡¡in¡¡German£»¡¡and¡¡its¡¡word¡¡order¡¡is¡¡more¡¡like¡¡¡¡
English¡¡than¡¡German¡¯s¡¡is¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
You¡¡need¡¡not¡¡pretend¡¡Dutch¡¡is¡¡a¡¡beautiful¡¡language¡£¡¡The¡¡Dutch¡¡themselves¡¡joke¡¡¡¡
about¡¡the¡¡coarseness¡¡of¡¡their¡¡language¡£¡¡It¡¯s¡¡got¡¡more¡¡of¡¡a¡¡guttural¡¡sound¡¡than¡¡Arabic£»¡¡¡¡
Hebrew£»¡¡Russian£»¡¡and¡¡Farsi¡£¡¡If¡¡you¡¡want¡¡a¡¡concert¡¡in¡¡Dutch¡¡guttural£»¡¡ask¡¡the¡¡next¡¡person¡¡¡¡
who¡¡speaks¡¡Dutch¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡¡°Misschien¡¡is¡¡Uw¡¡scheermesje¡¡niet¡¡scherp¡¡genoeg¡£¡±¡¡It¡¡means¡¡¡¡
¡°Perhaps¡¡your¡¡razor¡¡blade¡¡is¡¡not¡¡sharp¡¡enough£»¡±¡¡but¡¡that¡¯s¡¡irrelevant¡£¡¡That¡¡short¡¡sentence¡¡¡¡
explodes¡¡with¡¡five¡¡gutturals¡¡that¡¡cause¡¡the¡¡speaker¡¡to¡¡sound¡¡like¡¡the¡¡exhaust¡¡pipe¡¡of¡¡a¡¡¡¡
Greyhound¡¡bus¡¡through¡¡a¡¡full¡¡set¡¡of¡¡gear¡¡changes£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
When¡¡you¡¡learn¡¡Dutch£»¡¡you¡¡can¡¡cash¡¡in¡¡on¡¡at¡¡least¡¡forty¡¡percent¡¡credit¡¡when¡¡you¡¡¡¡
decide¡¡to¡¡take¡¡up¡¡German¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
Russian¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
Russian¡¡is¡¡the¡¡world¡¯s¡¡fourth¡¡language¡¡in¡¡number¡¡of¡¡speakers¡¡after¡¡Chinese£»¡¡English£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡
Hindustani¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡extremely¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡learn¡¡to¡¡speak¡¡Russian¡¡correctly£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡Russians¡¡¡¡
have¡¡learned¡¡to¡¡be¡¡patient¡¡with¡¡foreigners¡¡who¡¡speak¡¡incorrect¡¡Russian¡£¡¡Journalists¡¡and¡¡¡¡
others¡¡fascinated¡¡by¡¡discussing¡¡recent¡¡history¡¡with¡¡Soviet¡¡citizens¡¡suddenly¡¡free¡¡to¡¡talk¡¡to¡¡¡¡
foreigners¡¡get¡¡a¡¡lot¡¡of¡¡joy¡¡out¡¡of¡¡knowing¡¡Russian¡£¡¡The¡¡much¡¡touted¡¡commercial¡¡¡¡
advantages¡¡of¡¡learning¡¡Russian£»¡¡however£»¡¡have¡¡so¡¡far¡¡fallen¡¡far¡¡short¡¡of¡¡expectation¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
The¡¡jobs¡¡with¡¡gargantuan¡¡salaries¡¡promised¡¡to¡¡Russian¡¡speakers¡¡as¡¡a¡¡fruit¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡
resurgence¡¡of¡¡free¡¡enterprise¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Soviet¡¡Union¡¡are¡¡few¡¡and¡¡shaky¡¡as¡¡the¡¡early¡¡¡¡
enthusiasm¡¡of¡¡foreign¡¡investors¡¡gives¡¡way¡¡to¡¡wait¡¡and¡¡see¡¡attitudes¡£¡¡Long¡¡range£»¡¡Russian¡¡¡¡
remains¡¡a¡¡good¡¡bet¡¡for¡¡those¡¡willing¡¡to¡¡learn¡¡a¡¡language¡¡for¡¡career¡¡advantage¡£¡¡And¡¡in¡¡the¡¡¡¡
meantime¡¡you¡¡can¡¡enjoy¡¡reading¡¡Chekhov¡¡and¡¡Dostoyevski¡¡in¡¡the¡¡original¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
The¡¡Russian¡¡alphabet¡¡may¡¡look¡¡formidable£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¯s¡¡a¡¡false¡¡alarm¡£¡¡It¡¡can¡¡be¡¡learned¡¡¡¡
in¡¡twenty¡¡minutes£»¡¡but¡¡then¡¡you¡¯ve¡¡got¡¡to¡¡face¡¡the¡¡real¡¡obstacles£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡three¡¡genders£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡
six¡¡noun¡¡cases¡¡with¡¡wave¡¡upon¡¡wave¡¡of¡¡noun¡¡groups¡¡that¡¡decline¡¡differently£»¡¡a¡¡past¡¡tense¡¡¡¡
that¡¡behaves¡¡like¡¡an¡¡adjective£»¡¡and¡¡verbs¡¡that¡¡have¡¡not¡¡just¡¡person£»¡¡number£»¡¡and¡¡tense£»¡¡but¡¡¡¡
also¡¡something¡¡called¡¡¡°aspect¡±¡¡¨C¡¡perfective¡¡or¡¡imperfective¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
Knowing¡¡Russian¡¡yields¡¡a¡¡lot¡¡of¡¡satisfaction¡£¡¡You¡¡want¡¡to¡¡pinch¡¡yourself¡¡as¡¡you¡¡¡¡
find¡¡yourself¡¡gliding¡¡through¡¡a¡¡printed¡¡page¡¡of¡¡a¡¡language¡¡you¡¡may¡¡have¡¡grown¡¡up¡¡¡¡
suspecting¡¡and¡¡fearing¡£¡¡Russian£»¡¡like¡¡German£»¡¡crackles¡¡with¡¡good£»¡¡gutsy¡¡sounds¡¡that¡¡¡¡
please¡¡you¡¡as¡¡they¡¡leap¡¡from¡¡your¡¡tongue¡£¡¡Russian¡¡is¡¡a¡¡high¡¡gratitude¡¡language¡£¡¡The¡¡new¡¡¡¡
immigrants¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Soviet¡¡Union£»¡¡though¡¡they¡¡speak¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡major¡¡languages¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡
world£»¡¡don¡¯t¡¡expect¡¡Americans¡¡to¡¡know¡¡it¡£¡¡They¡¯ll¡¡be¡¡overjoyed¡¡to¡¡hear¡¡their¡¡language¡¡¡¡
from¡¡you¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
One¡¡advantage¡¡of¡¡choosing¡¡Russian¡¡is¡¡the¡¡head¡¡start¡¡it¡¡offers¡¡in¡¡almost¡¡a¡¡dozen¡¡¡¡
other¡¡Slavic¡¡languages£»¡¡should¡¡you¡¡suddenly¡¡want¡¡or¡¡need¡¡one¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
Chinese¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
Chinese¡¡is¡¡actually¡¡more¡¡of¡¡a¡¡life¡¡involvement¡¡than¡¡a¡¡language¡¡you¡¡choose¡¡to¡¡study¡£¡¡¡¡
When¡¡you¡¯re¡¡in¡¡your¡¡easy¡¡chair¡¡studying£»¡¡Chinese¡¡has¡¡more¡¡power¡¡to¡¡make¡¡you¡¡forget¡¡¡¡
it¡¯s¡¡dinner¡¡time¡¡than¡¡any¡¡other¡¡language¡£¡¡It¡¡has¡¡more¡¡power¡¡to¡¡draw¡¡you¡¡out¡¡of¡¡bed¡¡earlier¡¡¡¡
than¡¡necessary¡¡to¡¡sneak¡¡in¡¡a¡¡few¡¡more¡¡moments¡¡of¡¡study¡£¡¡There¡¯s¡¡simply¡¡more¡¡there¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
More¡¡people¡¡speak¡¡Chinese¡¡than¡¡any¡¡other¡¡language¡¡on¡¡earth¡£¡¡There¡¯s¡¡hardly¡¡a¡¡¡¡
community¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world¡¡that¡¡doesn¡¯t¡¡have¡¡someone¡¡who¡¡speaks¡¡Chinese¡¡as¡¡a¡¡native¡£¡¡Even¡¡¡¡
in¡¡the¡¡1940¡¯s£»¡¡when¡¡I¡¡first¡¡began¡¡studying¡¡Chinese£»¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡Chinese¡¡restaurant¡¡and¡¡a¡¡¡¡
Chinese¡¡laundry¡¡even¡¡in¡¡our¡¡small¡¡town¡¡of¡¡Greensboro£»¡¡North¡¡Carolina¡£¡¡You¡¡can¡¡count¡¡¡¡
on¡¡conversation¡¡practice¡¡in¡¡Chinese¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Chinese¡¡laundries¡¡of¡¡Costa¡¡Rica¡¡to¡¡the¡¡¡¡
Chinese¡¡restaurants¡¡of¡¡Israel¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
The¡¡Chinese¡¡Communists¡¡on¡¡the¡¡mainland¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Chinese¡¡Nationalists¡¡in¡¡Taiwan¡¡¡¡
agree¡¡that¡¡the¡¡national¡¡language¡¡of¡¡Chinese¡¡is¡¡the¡¡northern¡¡Chinese¡¡dialect¡¡of¡¡Mandarin¡£¡¡¡¡
Accept¡¡no¡¡substitute¡£¡¡Be¡¡sure¡¡you¡¡know¡¡what¡¡you¡¯re¡¡doing¡¡if¡¡you¡¡set¡¡out¡¡to¡¡learn¡¡any¡¡¡¡
Chinese¡¡dialect¡¡other¡¡than¡¡Mandarin£¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡almost¡¡impossible¡¡to¡¡find¡¡a¡¡Chinese¡¡person¡¡¡¡
in¡¡a¡¡Chinese¡¡restaurant¡¡in¡¡America¡¡who¡¡spoke¡¡Mandarin¡¡forty¡¡years¡¡ago¡£¡¡They¡¡all¡¡spoke¡¡a¡¡¡¡
subdialect¡¡of¡¡Cantonese£»¡¡being¡¡descendants¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Chinese¡¡labourers¡¡who¡¡came¡¡to¡¡build¡¡¡¡
America¡¯s¡¡transcontinental¡¡railroad¡¡in¡¡the¡¡1800¡¯s¡£¡¡Today¡¡it¡¯s¡¡almost¡¡impossible¡¡to¡¡find¡¡a¡¡¡¡
Chinese¡¡restaurant¡¡in¡¡America¡¡where¡¡the¡¡waiters¡¡don¡¯t¡¡speak¡¡Mandarin¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
Don¡¯t¡¡let¡¡yourself¡¡be¡¡drawn¡¡into¡¡Cantonese¡¡merely¡¡because¡¡your¡¡Chinese¡¡friends¡¡¡¡
happen¡¡to¡¡be¡¡of¡¡Cantonese¡¡descent¡¡or¡¡because¡¡your¡¡new¡¡employees¡¡are¡¡from¡¡Cantonese¡¡¡¡
speaking¡¡Hong¡¡Kong¡£¡¡Even¡¡the¡¡Cantonese¡¡themselves¡¡are¡¡now¡¡trying¡¡to¡¡learn¡¡Mandarin£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
Spoken¡¡Chinese¡¡is¡¡enthrallingly¡¡easy¡£¡¡There¡¯s¡¡nothing¡¡we¡¡could¡¡call¡¡¡°grammar¡±¡¡in¡¡¡¡
Chinese¡£¡¡Verbs£»¡¡nouns£»¡¡and¡¡adjectives¡¡never¡¡change¡¡endings¡¡for¡¡any¡¡reason¡£¡¡I¡¡once¡¡¡¡
caught¡¡a¡¡showoff¡¡student¡¡of¡¡Chinese¡¡trying¡¡to¡¡intimidate¡¡new¡¡students¡¡by¡¡warning¡¡them¡¡¡¡
that¡¡Chinese¡¡had¡¡a¡¡different¡¡word¡¡for¡¡¡°yes¡±¡¡and¡¡¡°no¡±¡¡for¡¡each¡¡question£¡¡¡That¡¯s¡¡largely¡¡¡¡
true£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡the¡¡slightest¡¡bit¡¡difficult¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
The¡¡closest¡¡thing¡¡Chinese¡¡has¡¡to¡¡what¡¡we¡¡think¡¡of¡¡as¡¡grammar¡¡is¡¡what¡¡we¡¯ll¡¡call¡¡¡¡
¡°interesting¡¡ways¡£¡±¡¡When¡¡you¡¡pose¡¡a¡¡question¡¡in¡¡Chinese¡¡you¡¡present¡¡both¡¡alternatives¡£¡¡¡¡
Thus£»¡¡¡°Are¡¡you¡¡going£¿¡±¡¡becomes¡¡¡°You¡¡go¡¡not¡¡go£¿¡±¡¡or¡¡¡°Are¡¡you¡¡going¡¡or¡¡not£¿¡±¡¡If¡¡you¡¡¡¡
are¡¡going£»¡¡the¡¡word¡¡for¡¡¡°yes¡±¡¡to¡¡that¡¡question¡¡is¡¡¡°go¡£¡±¡¡If¡¡you¡¯re¡¡not¡¡going£»¡¡you¡¡say¡¡¡°Not¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡
go¡£¡±¡¡Likewise£»¡¡¡°Are¡¡you¡¡going¡¡to¡¡play£¿¡±¡¡becomes£»¡¡literally¡¡translated£»¡¡¡°You¡¡play¡¡not¡¡¡¡
play£¿¡±¡¡To¡¡answer¡¡¡°yes£»¡±¡¡you¡¡say¡¡¡°Play¡£¡±¡¡¡°No¡±¡¡is¡¡¡°Not¡¡play¡£¡±¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
You¡¯ve¡¡already¡¡learned¡¡some¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡°middle¡¡language¡±¡¡essential¡¡to¡¡the¡¡mastery¡¡of¡¡¡¡
Chinese¡£¡¡Don¡¯t¡¡fear¡¡that£»¡¡because¡¡there¡¯s¡¡a¡¡middle¡¡language£»¡¡you¡¯re¡¡being¡¡called¡¡upon¡¡to¡¡¡¡
learn¡¡two¡¡languages¡¡to¡¡acquire¡¡just¡¡one£¡¡¡It¡¯s¡¡a¡¡shortcut¡£¡¡The¡¡middle¡¡language¡¡is¡¡English¡¡¨C¡¡¡¡
the¡¡way¡¡a¡¡Chinese¡¡person¡¡would¡¡say¡¡it¡¡if¡¡all¡¡he¡¡could¡¡do¡¡were¡¡to¡¡come¡¡up¡¡with¡¡the¡¡¡¡
English¡¡words¡¡literally¡¡and¡¡nothing¡¡more¡£¡¡Thus£»¡¡¡°Do¡¡you¡¡have¡¡my¡¡pencil£¿¡±¡¡in¡¡middle¡¡¡¡
language¡¡is¡¡¡®You¡¡have¡¡I¡belong¡¡pencil£»¡¡no¡¡have£¿¡±¡¡¡°The¡¡man¡¡who¡¡lives¡¡in¡¡the¡¡white¡¡¡¡
house¡±¡¡becomes¡¡¡°Live¡¡in¡¡white¡¡house¡belong¡¡man¡£¡±¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
I¡¡find¡¡it¡¡helpful¡¡to¡¡look¡¡for¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡language¡¡no¡¡matter¡¡what¡¡language¡¡I¡¯m¡¡¡¡
studying¡£¡¡In¡¡Russian£»¡¡¡°The¡¡vase¡¡is¡¡on¡¡the¡¡table¡±¡¡becomes¡¡¡°Vase¡¡on¡¡table¡£¡±¡¡¡°Do¡¡you¡¡have¡¡¡¡
a¡¡pen£¿¡±¡¡becomes¡¡¡°Is¡¡by¡¡you¡¡pen£¿¡±¡¡¡°I¡¡like¡¡the¡¡cake¡±¡¡in¡¡Spanish¡¡is¡¡¡°To¡¡me¡¡is¡¡pleasing¡¡the¡¡¡¡
cake¡£¡±¡¡¡°Where¡¡have¡¡you¡¡studied¡¡German£¿¡±¡¡in¡¡German¡¡is¡¡¡°Where¡¡have¡¡you¡¡German¡¡¡¡
studied£¿¡±¡¡¡°Do¡¡you¡¡want¡¡me¡¡to¡¡help£¿¡±¡¡in¡¡Yiddish¡¡is¡¡¡°Do¡¡you¡¡want¡¡I¡¡should¡¡help£¿¡±¡¡¨C¡¡a¡¡¡¡
construction¡¡that¡¡should¡¡come¡¡as¡¡no¡¡surprise¡¡to¡¡anyone¡¡with¡¡immigrant¡¡Jewish¡¡¡¡
grandparents¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
The¡¡middle¡¡language¡¡helps¡¡you¡¡get¡¡the¡¡hang¡¡of¡¡things¡£¡¡Once¡¡you¡¡see¡¡the¡¡structure¡¡as¡¡¡¡
revealed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡language£»¡¡it¡¯s¡¡easier¡¡for¡¡you¡¡to¡¡climb¡¡inside¡¡the¡¡targt¡¡language¡£¡¡¡¡
Learning¡¡the¡¡¡°interesting¡¡ways¡±¡¡through¡¡middle¡¡language¡¡is¡¡especially¡¡important¡¡in¡¡¡¡
Chinese¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
Chinese¡¡has¡¡no¡¡alphabet¡£¡¡Each¡¡ideogram¡¡or¡¡character¡¡is¡¡complete¡¡unto¡¡itself¡¡and¡¡¡¡
each¡¡must¡¡be¡¡learned¡£¡¡There¡¡are¡¡said¡¡to¡¡be¡¡as¡¡many¡¡as¡¡eighty¡¡thousand¡¡Chinese¡¡¡¡
characters¡£¡¡Fear¡¡not¡£¡¡You¡¡can¡¡carry¡¡on¡¡fairly¡¡sophisticated¡¡conversations¡¡with¡¡knowledge¡¡¡¡
of¡¡a¡¡few¡¡hundred¡¡characters¡¡and¡¡you¡¡can¡¡carry¡¡on¡¡like¡¡a¡¡Ming¡¡orator¡¡once¡¡you¡¡compile¡¡a¡¡¡¡
couple¡¡of¡¡thousand¡£¡¡You¡¡can¡¡read¡¡a¡¡Chinese¡¡newspaper¡¡with¡¡fewer¡¡than¡¡six¡¡thousand¡£¡¡¡¡
Though¡¡lacking¡¡an¡¡alphabet£»¡¡Chinese¡¡nonetheless¡¡has¡¡214¡¡radicals£»¡¡the¡¡elements¡¡that¡¡¡¡
make¡¡up¡¡the¡¡building¡¡blocks¡¡for¡¡almost¡¡every¡¡Chinese¡¡character¡£¡¡The¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡there¡¡are¡¡¡¡
clusters¡¡of¡¡Chinese¡¡characters¡¡that