how to learn any language-第26节
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know what not to say and be able to exercise caution when using words dangerously
similar to the no…no words。
It’s a good idea to follow Maimonides on this one: “What is lofty may be said in
any language。 What is mean should be said in none。”
Your Second Foreign Language; Your Third; and So On
It’s said that once you master one foreign language; all others come much more easily。
That’s not a myth。 Your first foreign language; in a major way; is the first olive dislodged
from the bottle。 The rest flow obligingly forth。
Moreover; your second foreign language need have no connection to your first。
Chinese will be easier if you’ve first mastered Italian。 Greek will be easier if you’ve
mastered Japanese。 You pick up the principles of how language works with your first
conquest。 I once asked a man who commanded easily a dozen languages how he did it。
“I started out studying languages when I was young;” he said; “and I was just too
lazy to quit!
He was kidding; of course; but a lot of true words are spoken through
exaggerations。
The Right Word
Don’t settle for being merely understood。 Some of the least intelligent and most
unspectacular people on earth can be understood in languages other than their own。 Keep
pressing forward toward perfection。 “He think he’s a big shot” gets the notion across; but
that shouldn’t satisfy the learner of English searching for the word “megalomaniac”。
It’s a marvellous feeling of unfolding and growth when you learn more and more
words that take you closer and closer to the bull’s eye of what you want to express。
Saying It Right
One of the most maddening things about language learning – you’ll encounter it time and
time again – is having the face of the native you’re speaking with suddenly go blank。
You’ve used a word he doesn’t understand。 He asks you to repeat it。 You do。 He still
doesn’t understand。 You repeat it again。 Slower。 Louder。 Finally; in frustration;
desperation; and humiliation; you write the word down or show it to him in your book。
Then he gets it。 “Ahh;” the native speaker says; the black night of your spoken error
suddenly pierced by the flashbulb of print。 And then – here’s the payoff – he proceeds to
repeat exactly what you’ve been saying to him a dozen or so times without his
comprehending!
That syndrome is particularly prevalent in Chinese; though you risk it in every
language。 Be a sport。 Eat crow。 And even though you’re far from the mood at that
moment; try to catch something in what he says that’s at least slightly different from what
you’ve been saying。 If the next native speaker understands your revised pronunciation
without an argument; then that crow you were forced to eat will retroactively taste like
pheasant!
Every language student has good days and bad days with the language for no
apparent reason。 On bad days you can’t seem to unleash a simple greeting without
monumental phumphering。 On good days you actually feel supernaturally propelled。 A
rising tide lifts all boats。 Keep working。 The bad days as well as the good days will both
be better。
To Speak or Not to Speak
Be neither too boorish nor too reticent with your new knowledge。 Don’t go barrelling in
with scant command of a language if doing so causes ungainly delays in a busy
restaurant。 Neither should you let shyness deny you a good opportunity to send a few
volleys of conversation across the net。
Don’t be like the beginner who took his party into a French restaurant in New York
and insisted on trying to order for everybody in French。 The waiter; himself French;
quickly abandoning any hope of understanding the poor wretch; pulled a diplomatic coup
worthy of a medal and a kiss on both cheeks。
“I’m sorry;” he said; with an accent French enough to draw the truffles up out of the
underbrush of Alsace; “I don’t speak French。”
“You don’t speak French!” thundered the hapless showoff。
“Non; monsieur;” said the waiter。
“Well; then;” said he; “send me somebody who does!”
Speaking of Peace
Does knowledge of other languages lead to peace? One witness says “No。 Knowing the
other guy’s language merely enables you to get into more arguments of greater depth and
intensity。” Another witness says; “Of course; language knowledge breeds peace。 How
could I pull a trigger and shoot a man when what I really want is a chance to sit down
with him and learn his irregular verbs?” Put me solidly in the latter category。 It’s
impossible to learn a language and not learn a great deal about the country and its people;
and usually those who learn about a country and its people develop a certain empathy and
advocacy for that nation。
When Serb fights Croat in Yugoslavia; I don’t ignore it。 Neither do I choose sides。
They were both so helpful to me when I was learning Serbo…Croatian。 I want them all to
work together and get along。
A little knowledge of a language; then of a people; can convert even a rabid partisan
into a one man peace movement!
Keep Learning
Stay with it。 Keep pressing ahead with all of the tools in all of the ways suggested; plus
whatever other ways you discover en route that seem to work for you。 Keep pursuing
opportunities to use what you learn; not just in exercises and self simulation; but in
genuine; real life conversation; reading; writing and comprehension。
When will you “arrive”? When will you no longer “be studying” but “have learned”
the language?
Never! At least; pretend never。 Your linguistic infancy will lead to babyhood;
childhood; adolescence; young adulthood; and so on。 Your fragments of knowledge will
lead to competence。 Your competence will lead to fluency。 Your fluency will intensify to
higher and higher levels of fluency。
The best attitude; however; is that your attempt to master the foreign language
should remain perpetually unfinished business。
You’ll succeed if you make sure you never go to bed knowing no more of your
target language that you did when you woke up!
P A R T T H R E E
Appendices
The Language Club
In 1984 some of us language lovers decided that; although there were plenty of places in
New York to learn foreign languages; there were no places to go to practice foreign
languages。
Sure; you can let fly a greeting in Italian and a request for red pepper at the pizzaria
and practice similar performances at even the busiest French restaurant; but there was no
place to sit down; have a glass of wine; open books; converse with others; and consult
with native speakers for two or three hours at a time。
So we started the Language Club with “practice parties” every Monday night at La
Maganette; a restaurant in Manhattan at the corner of Third Avenue and Fiftieth Street。
That remains our “mother club;” though we’ve extended our practice parties to other
evenings and other restaurants – even a Sunday brunch at Victor’s on Columbus Avenue
at Seventy…first Street。
Our mission is to enable men and women to practice conversation in other
languages in a pleasant; non…threatening atmosphere at fine restaurants at a minimum
price。 The restaurants understand the uniqueness of the Language Club and enjoy
catering to such a high minded endeavour。
The questions callers most frequently ask about the Language Club are “What night
is French?” and “What’s your age group?”
We explain that every night is French night – all languages are welcome at all
practice parties。 When you enter you go to the French table; the Italian table; the Spanish
table; the German table; the Russian table; etc。 Many visitors grasshopper from table to
table; practicing three; four; or more different languages at the same practice party。
When they ask about age group; we immediately understand that their agenda is
broader than mere language practice! We first explain we’re a language club; not a
“social” club or a “singles” club。 We emphasise that age is irrelevant; since someone five
years old can provide good language practice for someone ninety…five years old。
Having made that point; we then relent a bit and explain that indeed many of our
members are single; and if two single language lovers should enter our practice party
separately and leave together; we don’t blow a whistle and pull a citizen’s arrest。 In fact;
we have several “language marriages” to our credit and at least one confirmed birth!
All we ask is your sincere interest in language practice。 All your other interests will
be tolerated provided they do not result in any infringement of the law!
All those wishing more information about the Language Club may write:
The Language Club
P。O。 Box 121
New York; NY 10108
Our telephone number is (212) 787…2110。