how to learn any language-第20节
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As you review your cassettes; try to come up with the foreign word during the
pause before the next piece of English。 Put artificial pressure on yourself: “Can I come up
with the expression before I hear the next word on the cassette?” Or if you’re listening as
you’re walking; “Can I come up with it before I get to that sign; that lamppost; the
corner; the curb?” Victory is being able to take an entire cassette of what were recently
nonsense syllables to you and throw back the foreign equivalents without hesitation。
You’ll be glad you didn’t smash your tools when your friend approaches you by
surprise to introduce you to her friend from a country that speaks the language you’re
learning and you respond with a crisp; correct “Pleased to meet you” in that language!
Commit Language Larceny
There are interesting lessons coiled up inside ordinary greetings in different languages。
The Estonian greeting Kuidas (k。si k。ib) literally means “How does your hand
walk?” An old Chinese greeting is Chr bao le; mei lo? which means; “Have you had food
yet?” – no small achievement in the China of some periods。 A charming greeting in
Yiddish is “Zug mir a shtikel Toireh;” which means “Teach me a piece of Torah;” the
Torah being the five books of Moses and the holiest document in the Jewish religion。
Language learners can use the spirit of that last one to good advantage。
When you encounter a native speaker of your target language; and when you start a
conversation in that language; three things are certain。 You will be stuck for words you
need but don’t know。 He will use words you don’t understand。 And you will make
mistakes。 Get into the habit of exploiting those moments to the hilt!
When you don’t know a word; ask him for it。 When you don’t understand a word he
uses; ask him what it means。 Ask him to do you the favour of correcting your mistakes。
You may not have much luck with that latter request; he may be too polite or too
impressed that you’re making an effort in his language to criticise you。 If you feel he’s
letting your mistakes slide by; pick a fairly long sentence and ask him to help you
hammer out your mistakes in just that one sentence。 Write that sentence down on one of
your blank flash cards。 Ask him to check it again。 Milk the moment。 As the Latin goes;
Carpe diem!
Don’t ever enter into anything as precious as a conversation in your target language
with a native speaker and leave knowing no more than when you started。 You’ve got a
repertoire in that language。 He has a larger one。 Reach in and help yourself。
At No Extra Cost
You may think you have a good idea precisely how your life will improve once you’ve
mastered your target language。 You’re wrong。 It will be much better than you think。
Unexpected good things happen to you when you learn even a little of the other
guy’s language。 A chapter detailing some of those things may seem like preaching to the
choir; when you consider that anybody likely to be reading this has already decided he
wants to learn。 So what? Who more than the members of the choir deserve the
inspiration?
All the case histories that follow were culled and corroborated by members of the
Language Club who were asked to be alert to all the nice little extras that come your way
when you speak another language。 Many of them happened to me personally and
continue to happen almost daily。
In New York and some other major cities a huge percentage of the cab drivers are
from Haiti。 Try this; just to get a taste of the power of another language。 If your driver is
Haitian; lean forward and say (phonetically); “Sa (rhymes with “ma”) pass (“pasta”
without the “ta”) SAY (as in the English “say”); pa…PA (“papa;” but accented on the last
syllable)。 Sort those sounds out and try it。 “Sa paSAY paPA?” It means something like the
French Comment 。a va? (“How are you?”); but it’s not French。 It’s his native Haitian
Creole slang and he may never before have heard that utterance from the lips of a non…
Haitian。
That one line is guaranteed to get you reactions ranging from a long; slow smile to a
cheery “Where did you learn that?” to loud and joyous laughter to the exclamation; “You
must know Haiti well!”
Don’t get the idea that Haitians are the only ones susceptible to the charm of
hearing a few words of their language。 They just may be more demonstrative than most
in showing it。 Romanian cab drivers have turned off the metre and given me a free ride in
return for my “Good morning” in Romanian。 A Soviet Georgian cab driver refused to
take my money and invited me to Sunday dinner at his home; one of the tastiest treats and
most interesting evenings I’ve ever enjoyed。 An Indonesian cab driver screamed – that’s
all; just screamed – upon hearing “Thank you” in his language。
I’ve long suspected there’s a memo posted in the kitchen of every Chinese
restaurant in America instructing all personnel not to let any American who exhibits any
knowledge of Chinese go unrewarded。 Try this experience; just to taste the power。
The Chinese term for “chopsticks” is kwai dze。 The first word is pronounced like
the Asian river the American war prisoners built the bridge over。 The second word
sounds like the ds in “suds。”
The next time you’re in a Chinese restaurant; smile at the waiter and say “Kwai
dze。” When he brings the chopsticks; smile again and say; “Shieh; shieh” (“Thank
you”)。 Pronounce that as you should “she expects;” making sure you never get as far as
the x and accentuating the “she”。 The immediate payoffs on this one can range from a
free plum brandy cocktail at the end of the meal clear over to a stubborn refusal to let you
pay。 The more subtle; and satisfying; payoff is that they will assume you know not only
the rest of the Chinese language but the Chinese cuisine as well; and they’ll probably
give you no less than the absolute finest the house can produce every time they see you
come in。
Your rewards for knowing even a paltry few words of a language vary in inverse
proportion to the likelihood that you’ll know any at all。 A German baker isn’t likely to
endorse his whole day’s profit on strudel over to your favourite charity merely because
you enter his shop with a big “Guten Tag” (“Good day”); but an Albanian baker might if
you enter with “Tungjatjeta。” You won’t knock French socks off with a “Comment
allez…vous?” (“How are you?”); but you may set winter gloves flying in Helsinki with a
correctly pronounced “(Hyv。。 P。iv。。)” (“Good morning”)。
Don’t overdo it。 I’ve known cab drivers from obscure countries almost drive off the
road when they’re surprised with a burst of their native tongue from an American
passenger; and once I had a Chinese waitress in a Jewish delicatessen (honest!) get so
rattled when I ordered for our party in Chinese that she messed up our order beyond
redemption。
I have many times ignited what looked like spontaneous street festivals by hailing
groups of people on the sidewalk in the language I heard them speaking。 They frequently
stop; return the greeting; and then start hobnobbing with the people in my group; leading
to laughs; the exchange of addresses; dates for later on; and; I suspect; even more! I’ve
never understood the joy of bagging a bird or a deer and watching it fall to the ground。
My joy is bagging strangers from other countries with the right greeting in the right
language and watching them come to a halt and become old friends at once。
The material payoffs of learning foreign languages are many and predictable;
though perhaps a bit surprising in their scope。 In early 1990 a friend told me he was
looking to fill a job paying 650;000 a year; qualifications: attorney; knowledge of
Russian; and willingness to relocate to Moscow。 I prefer the psychological payoffs of
studying foreign languages – pleasures so keep you could almost call them spiritual。
They joy of a true mathematician escalates as he moves from algebra to
trigonometry to calculus。 Likewise; the joy of the true language lover escalates as he
advances from what I call “Foreign 1” to “Foreign 2。” Foreign 1 is interpreting or
translating (interpreters speak; translators write) from your native language to a foreign
one。 Foreign 2 is doing it from one language that’s foreign to you to another one that’s
foreign to you。
You are permitted to feel like Superman when you pull off such a feat。 You are not
permitted to act like Superman; nor are you permitted to let on that you feel like
Superman。 You mien should approximate that of a bored New York commuter telling a
stranger how many stops there are between Grand Central Station and New Rochelle。
The best Foreign 2 feeling I ever had was interpreting for Finns trying to
communicate with Hungarians。 Finnish and Hungarian are widely hailed as the most
difficult languages in the world。 They’re relat