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The going will probably be noticeably easier; because paragraph two will likely be  
dealing with much the same subject matter as paragraph one and many of the words will  
be repeats。 Step back and note how many fewer coloured lines marking unknown words  
there are in paragraph two。 Never mind that those are repeat words。 If you knew them  
from flashing your cards in the interval between tackling paragraph one and tackling  
paragraph two; then it’s clean conquest。 Bask in it; and move on to paragraph three。    
No cheating! Don’t let your possible lack of interest in the subject matter of the text  
tempt you into junking it and jumping across the page to another article that looks like  
it’s about something that interests you more。 No soldier fighting in the arctic would dare  
ask his commanding officer if he might be excused to go fight in the tropics。 Advance!  
Charge! Slog through it one step – one word – at a time。    
By the time you reach the end of page one; if it’s a newspaper; you will note with  
glee that the coloured markings indicating words you didn’t know; almost solid in the  
early paragraphs; will have diminished precipitously by the end of the page。 That page is  
a progress chart。    
And you’ll have what seems like a ton of flash cards loaded with words in varying  
degrees of surrender to you。 Carry as many flash cards with you as possible; and rotate  
them regularly so your attention is evenly parcelled out among them。         
Tradition bound teachers would have problems with that kind of “ice plunge;” a  
naked leap into a foreign language newspaper after only five lessons of grammar with  
nothing for help but a dictionary; which in many cases can’t help because you won’t  
know the various disguises (changing forms) of many of the words。 What’s the point?    
There are several。 America is a nation of people who make straight A’s in  
intermediate French and then get to Paris and realise they don’t speak intermediate  
French! The knowledge that the text – newspaper; book; magazine; whatever – is a real  
world document that does not condescend to a student’s level is a tremendous confidence  
builder and energiser for your assault upon your target language。 The awareness that  
you’re making progress; albeit slowly; through typical text; genuine text; the kind the  
natives buy off their newsstands and read in their coffee shops; gives even the rank  
beginner something of the pride of a battle toughened marine。         
 
Memorise Your Part         
You are now; let’s say; beginning chapter six of your grammar book and fighting your  
way valiantly down the first column of your text。 Keep going on both these fronts; and  
pick up another tool。    
Open your phrase book and read the introduction carefully; paying particularly  
close attention to the rules of transliteration。 All such books will have three columns: the  
English word or phrase; the foreign language translation; and then the transliteration;  
which is your guide to proper pronunciation using the English alphabet。    
When you get the hang of the language; you won’t need the transliteration crutch。  
Until you do; you need it totally。 But note that there is no recognised standard system of  
transliteration。 The International Phonetic Alphabet is supposed to be; but nobody uses it  
because learning it is almost as hard as learning another language itself。    
There are at least half a dozen ways to transliterate the capital of China。 The  
Chinese communists prefer Beijing。 The Chinese nationalists prefer Peking。 If that were  
the only word you wanted to learn and there were no need for you to learn transliteration  
systems; we could write it Bay…jing; adding that the Bay is pronounced like the English  
word for the body of water and the jing like the first syllable of “jingle。”    
Your phrase book will take mercifully little space to tell you how to pronounce the  
words according to their chosen system of transliteration。 Usually in less than a page  
you’ll be told to pronounce ai like the y in “sky”; ei like the eigh in “weigh” and so on  
through all the needed sounds。 Some phrase books indicate which syllable gets the stress  
by placing an accent mark on top of it; others by capitalising every letter in the syllable。  
Don’t be impatient because you suddenly feel you’re called upon to learn another written  
language which is neither English nor the language you’re trying to learn。 Look upon the  
transliteration guide as your opportunity to learn the combination to a safe that will let  
you help yourself to the correct pronunciation of every word in that book!    
Advance now to the first page of phrases in the phrase book。 Your newspaper didn’t  
teach you how to say “How are you?” and it’s a good bet the first five lessons of your  
grammar didn’t either。 Here it comes! This is your first chance to learn how to actually  
say things。    
“Yes。” “No。” “Please。” “Thank you。” “You’re welcome。” “Good morning。” “Good  
afternoon。” “Good evening。” ”I’m very pleased to meet you。” “How are you?” “Very  
well; thanks; and you?” “Fine。”    
You’ll master these precious nuggets of real life communication quickly。 But don’t  
stop with merely mastering them。 Use that phrase book and plot a conversational pattern;  
a routine you go into when you meet someone who speaks your target language。 Treat it  
as though you’re memorising your part in a play。    
”How do you do?” “My name is _______。” “What’s your name?” “Where are you  
from?” “How long have you been here?” “I don’t speak your language well。” “How do  
you say that in your language?” “May I get you something to drink?” “I don’t  
understand。” “Would you please repeat?”    
Here again; traditionalists would frown。 “That’s not learning a language;” they’d  
protest。 “That’s just learning how to parrot a few phrases!”    
 
And right they’d be; if that were all you were doing。 But you are now accumulating  
flash cards with vocabulary and moving through lesson seven or eight of the grammar; so  
don’t feel you have to apologise for learning how to parrot a few handy phrases。    
Your ability to bandy some useful phrases is a motivator。 There you are; speaking  
the language! Isn’t that what you started all this for? Admittedly you’re not debating the  
economic consequences of his government’s latest reversal on tariff agreements; but you  
are asking someone if he’s too cold and telling him you hope to meet him again。    
More magic happens when you’re at that peak motivation。 You find yourself  
acquiring more material; more conversational gems gleaned from his end of the  
conversation。 Remember; you’re a confessed beginner。 When you don’t understand  
something; you’re excused for asking him to repeat it; spell it; write it down on one of  
your blank flash cards。 (Always carry some。)    
It’s gratifying; in fact; enthralling; to enter your next conversation with your powers  
to converse enhanced by the previous encounter。    
A note of caution; however。 Eventually you may find yourself about to small talk so  
fluently you’ll mistake that ability for having arrived。 Back to the newspaper and the  
grammar with you before such thoughts corrupt!         
Add Cassettes         
For most of the history of the world; there was no way the self taught language student  
could hear the language spoken。 He had to rely on printed rules; grossly inadequate; to  
guide him in pronunciation of his target language。    
Then came the phonograph record; which seemed like ideal deliverance from  
darkness; until the tape recorder came along; followed quickly by the portable cassette  
tape recorder; which allowed language learners to pick up ear phones and listen to a wide  
variety of foreign language fare as they jogged; shopped; ran errands; or walked to work。    
As is the case with many technological breakthroughs; disappointment followed。  
The closets of many fine; otherwise strong willed people are littered with the wreckage of  
once beautifully packaged foreign language cassette courses。 They thought technology  
had replaced study。 They thought all you had to do was pop a cassette into the machine;  
press a button; and take in the language like a car takes in gasoline。    
Remove that inflated expectation; resolve to do your part; and the invention of the  
portable cassette tape player will indeed fulfill its promise to the language lover  
endeavouring to become a language learner。    
Are you presently armed with the right cassette course?    
Unless your cassette was mislabelled and carries lessons in a language other than  
the one you’d like to learn; it’s a good learning aid。 It may not be the best。 It may be far  
behind the best; but so what? It will offer you words and phrases in your target language  
with native accuracy in pronunciation。    
You no more want to limit your hearing of the language to one cassette course than  
you’d want to confine your tennis playing to one partner。 The ideal cassette library is one  
in which the student can 

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