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　with　the　fight；　and　ofttimes　cut　the　line　of　the　enemy；　until　at　last；　after　they　had　taken　very　many　of　their　adversaries'　ships；　they　ended　by　losing　more　than　half　of　their　own。　Hereupon；　with　the　remainder　of　their　vessels；　the　Chians　fled　away　to　their　own　country。　　　　　As　for　such　of　their　ships　as　were　damaged　and　disabled；　these；　being　pursued　by　the　enemy；　made　straight　for　Mycale；　where　the　crews　ran　them　ashore；　and　abandoning　them　began　their　march　along　the　continent。　Happening　in　their　way　upon　the　territory　of　Ephesus；　they　essayed　to　cross　it；　but　here　a　dire　misfortune　befell　them。　It　was　night；　and　the　Ephesian　women　chanced　to　be　engaged　in　celebrating　the　Thesmophoria…　the　previous　calamity　of　the　Chians　had　not　been　heard　of…　so　when　the　Ephesians　saw　their　country　invaded　by　an　armed　band；　they　made　no　question　of　the　new…comers　being　robbers　who　purposed　to　carry　off　their　women；　and　accordingly　they　marched　out　against　them　in　full　force；　and　slew　them　all。　Such　were　the　misfortunes　which　befell　them　of　Chios。　　　　　Dionysius；　the　Phocaean；　when　he　perceived　that　all　was　lost；　having　first　captured　three　ships　from　the　enemy；　himself　took　to　flight。　He　would　not；　however；　return　to　Phocaea；　which　he　well　knew　must　fall　again；　like　the　rest　of　Ionia；　under　the　Persian　yoke；　but　straightway；　as　he　was；　he　set　sail　for　Phoenicia；　and　there　sunk　a　number　of　merchantmen；　and　gained　a　great　booty；　after　which　he　directed　his　course　to　Sicily；　where　he　established　himself　as　a　corsair；　and　plundered　the　Carthaginians　and　Tyrrhenians；　but　did　no　harm　to　the　Greeks。　　　　　The　Persians；　when　they　had　vanquished　the　Ionians　in　the　sea…fight；　besieged　Miletus　both　by　land　and　sea；　driving　mines　under　the　walls；　and　making　use　of　every　known　device；　until　at　length　they　took　both　the　citadel　and　the　town；　six　years　from　the　time　when　the　revolt　first　broke　out　under　Aristagoras。　All　the　inhabitants　of　the　city　they　reduced　to　slavery；　and　thus　the　event　tallied　with　the　announcement　which　had　been　made　by　the　oracle。　　　　　For　once　upon　a　time；　when　the　Argives　had　sent　to　Delphi　to　consult　the　god　about　the　safety　of　their　own　city；　a　prophecy　was　given　them；　in　which　others　besides　themselves　were　interested；　for　while　it　bore　in　part　upon　the　fortunes　of　Argos；　it　touched　in　a　by…clause　the　fate　of　the　men　of　Miletus。　I　shall　set　down　the　portion　which　concerned　the　Argives　when　I　come　to　that　part　of　my　History；　mentioning　at　present　only　the　passage　in　which　the　absent　Milesians　were　spoken　of。　This　passage　was　as　follows：…

　　　　Then　shalt　thou；　Miletus；　so　oft　the　contriver　of　evil；　　　　　Be；　thyself；　to　many　a　least　and　an　excellent　booty：　　　　　Then　shall　thy　matrons　wash　the　feet　of　long…haired　masters…　　　　　Others　shall　then　possess　our　lov'd　Didymian　temple。

Such　a　fate　now　befell　the　Milesians；　for　the　Persians；　who　wore　their　hair　long；　after　killing　most　of　the　men；　made　the　women　and　children　slaves；　and　the　sanctuary　at　Didyma；　the　oracle　no　less　than　the　temple　was　plundered　and　burnt；　of　the　riches　whereof　I　have　made　frequent　mention　in　other　parts　of　my　History。　　　　　Those　of　the　Milesians　whose　lives　were　spared；　being　carried　prisoners　to　Susa；　received　no　ill　treatment　at　the　hands　of　King　Darius；　but　were　established　by　him　in　Ampe；　a　city　on　the　shores　of　the　Erythraean　sea；　near　the　spot　where　the　Tigris　flows　into　it。　Miletus　itself；　and　the　plain　about　the　city；　were　kept　by　the　Persians　for　themselves；　while　the　hill…country　was　assigned　to　the　Carians　of　Pedasus。　　　　　And　now　the　Sybarites；　who　after　the　loss　of　their　city　occupied　Laus　and　Scidrus；　failed　duly　to　return　the　former　kindness　of　the　Milesians。　For　these　last；　when　Sybaris　was　taken　by　the　Crotoniats；　made　a　great　mourning；　all　of　them；　youths　as　well　as　men；　shaving　their　heads；　since　Miletus　and　Sybaris　were；　of　all　the　cities　whereof　we　have　any　knowledge；　the　two　most　closely　united　to　one　another。　The　Athenians；　on　the　other　hand；　showed　themselves　beyond　measure　afflicted　at　the　fall　of　Miletus；　in　many　ways　expressing　their　sympathy；　and　especially　by　their　treatment　of　Phrynichus。　For　when　this　poet　brought　out　upon　the　stage　his　drama　of　the　Capture　of　Miletus；　the　whole　theatre　burst　into　tears；　and　the　people　sentenced　him　to　pay　a　fine　of　a　thousand　drachms；　for　recalling　to　them　their　own　misfortunes。　They　likewise　made　a　law　that　no　one　should　ever　again　exhibit　that　piece。　　　　　Thus　was　Miletus　bereft　of　its　inhabitants。　In　Samos　the　people　of　the　richer　sort　were　much　displeased　with　the　doings　of　the　captains；　and　the　dealings　they　had　had　the　Medes；　they　therefore　held　a　council；　very　shortly　after　the　sea…fight；　and　resolved　that　they　would　not　remain　to　become　the　slaves　of　Aeaces　and　the　Persians；　but　before　the　tyrant　set　foot　in　their　country；　would　sail　away　and　found　a　colony　in　another　land。　Now　it　chanced　that　about　this　time　the　Zanclaeans　of　Sicily　had　sent　ambassadors　to　the　Ionians；　and　invited　them　to　Kale…Acte　where　they　wished　an　Ionian　city　to　be　founded。　This　place；　Kale…Acte　（or　the　Fair　Strand）　as　it　is　called；　is　in　the　country　of　the　Sicilians；　and　is　situated　in　the　part　of　Sicily　which　looks　towards　Tyrrhenia。　The　offer　thus　made　to　all　the　Ionians　was　embraced　only　by　the　Samians；　and　by　such　of　the　Milesians　as　had　contrived　to　effect　their　escape。　　　　　Hereupon　this　is　what　ensued。　The　Samians　on　their　voyage　reached　the　country　of　the　Epizephyrian　Locrians；　at　a　time　when　the　Zanclaeans　and　their　king　Scythas　were　engaged　in　the　siege　of　a　Sicilian　town　which　they　hoped　to　take。　Anaxilaus；　tyrant　of　Rhegium；　who　was　on　ill　terms　with　the　Zanclaeans　knowing　how　matters　stood；　made　application　to　the　Samians；　and　persuaded　them　to　give　up　the　thought　of　Kale…Acte　the　place　to　which　they　were　bound；　and　to　seize　Zancle　itself；　which　was　left　without　men。　The　Samians　followed　this　counsel　and　possessed　themselves　of　the　town；　which　the　Zanclaeans　no　sooner　heard　than　they　hurried　to　the　rescue；　calling　to　their　aid　Hippocrates；　tyrant　of　Gela；　who　was　one　of　their　allies。　Hippocrates　came　with　his　army　to　their　assistance；　but　on　his　arrival　he　seized　Scythas；　the　Zanclaean　king；　who　had　just　lost　his　city；　and　sent　him　away　in　chains；　together　with　his　brother　Pythogenes；　to　the　town　of　Inycus；　after　which　he　came　to　an　understanding　with　the　Samians；　exchanged　oaths　with　them；　and　agreed　to　betray　the　people　of　Zancle。　The　reward　of　his　treachery　was　to　be　one…half　of　the　goods　and　chattels；　including　slaves；　which　the　town　contained；　and　all　that　he　could　find　in　the　open　country。　Upon　this　Hippocrates　seized　and　bound　the　greater　number　of　the　Zanclaeans　as　slaves；　delivering；　however；　into　the　hands　of　the　Samians　three　hundred　of　the　principal　citizens；　to　be　slaughtered；　but　the　Samians　spared　the　lives　of　these　persons。　　　　　Scythas；　the　king　of　the　Zanclaeans；　made　his　escape　from　Inycus；　and　fled　to　Himera；　whence　he　passed　into　Asia；　and　went　up　to　the　court　of　Darius。　Darius　thought　him　the　most　upright　of　all　the　Greeks　to　whom　he　afforded　a　refuge；　for　with　the　king's　leave　he　paid　a　visit　to　Sicily；　and　thence　returned　back　to　Persia；　where　he　lived　in　great　comfort；　and　died　by　a　natural　death　at　an　advanced　age。　　　　　Thus　did　the　Samians　escape　the　yoke　of　the　Medes；　and　possess　themselves　without　any　trouble　of　Zancle；　a　most　beautiful　city。　At　Samos　itself　the　Phoenicians；　after　the　fight　which　had　Miletus　for　its　prize　was　over；　re…established　Aeaces；　the　son　of　Syloson；　upon　his　throne。　This　they　did　by　the　command　of　the　Persians；　who　looked　upon　Aeaces　as　one　who　had　rendered　them　a　high　service　and　therefore　deserved　well　at　their　hands。　They　likewise　spared　the　Samians；　on　account　of　the　desertion　of　their　vessels；　and　did　not　burn　either　their　city　or　their　temples；　as　they　did　those　of　the　other　rebels。　Immediately　after　the　fall　of　Miletus　the　Persians　recovered　Caria；　bringing　some　of　the　cities　over　by　force；　while　others　submitted　of　their　own　accord。　　　　　Meanwhile　tidings　of　what　had　befallen　Miletus　reached　Histiaeus　the　Milesian；　who　was　still　at　Byzantium；　employed　in　intercepting　the　Ionian　merchantmen　as　they　issued　from　the　Euxine。　Histiaeus　had　no　sooner　heard　the　news　than　he　gave　the　Hellespont　in　charge　to　Bisaltes；　son　of　Apollophanes；　a　native　of　Abydos；　and　himself；　at　the　head　of　his　Lesbians；　set　sail　for　Chios。　One　of　the　Chian　garrisons　which　opposed　him　he　engaged　at　a　place　called　〃The　Hollows；〃　situated　in　the　Chian　territory；　and　of　these　he　slaughtered　a　vast　number；　afterwards；　by　the　help　of　his　Lesbians；　he　reduced　all　the　rest　of　the　Chians；　who　were　weakened　by　their　losses　in　the　sea…fight；　Polichne；　a　city　of　Chios；　serving　him　as　head…quarters。　　　　　It　mostly　happens　that　there　is　some　warning　when　great　misfortunes　are　about　to　befall　a　state　or　nation；　and　so　it　was　in　this　instance；　for　the　Chians　had　previously　had　some　strange　tokens　sent　to　them。　A　choir　of　a　hundred　of　their　youths　had　been　despatched　to　Delphi；　and　of　these　only　two　had　returned；　the　remaining　ninety…eight　having　been　carried　off　by　a　pestilence。　Likewise；　about　the　same　time；　and　very　shortly　before　the　sea…fight；　the　roof　of　a　school…house　had　fallen　in　upon　a　number　o