lavengro-第38节
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usual height。
'No; I can't smoke;' said the youth; in reply to the observation of
the other; 'I have often tried; but could never succeed to my
satisfaction。'
'Is it possible to become a good German without smoking?' said the
senior; half speaking to himself。
'I daresay not;' said the youth; 'but I shan't break my heart on
that account。'
'As for breaking your heart; of course you would never think of
such a thing; he is a fool who breaks his heart on any account; but
it is good to be a German; the Germans are the most philosophic
people in the world; and the greatest smokers: now I trace their
philosophy to their smoking。'
'I have heard say their philosophy is all smoke … is that your
opinion?'
'Why; no; but smoking has a sedative effect upon the nerves; and
enables a man to bear the sorrows of this life (of which every one
has his share) not only decently; but dignifiedly。 Suicide is not
a national habit in Germany as it is in England。'
'But that poor creature; Werther; who committed suicide; was a
German。'
'Werther is a fictitious character; and by no means a felicitous
one; I am no admirer either of Werther or his author。 But I should
say that; if there ever was a Werther in Germany; he did not smoke。
Werther; as you very justly observe; was a poor creature。'
'And a very sinful one; I have heard my parents say that suicide is
a great crime。'
'Broadly; and without qualification; to say that suicide is a
crime; is speaking somewhat unphilosophically。 No doubt suicide;
under many circumstances; is a crime; a very heinous one。 When the
father of a family; for example; to escape from certain
difficulties; commits suicide; he commits a crime; there are those
around him who look to him for support; by the law of nature; and
he has no right to withdraw himself from those who have a claim
upon his exertions; he is a person who decamps with other people's
goods as well as his own。 Indeed; there can be no crime which is
not founded upon the depriving others of something which belongs to
them。 A man is hanged for setting fire to his house in a crowded
city; for he burns at the same time or damages those of other
people; but if a man who has a house on a heath sets fire to it; he
is not hanged; for he has not damaged or endangered any other
individual's property; and the principle of revenge; upon which all
punishment is founded; has not been aroused。 Similar to such a
case is that of the man who; without any family ties; commits
suicide; for example; were I to do the thing this evening; who
would have a right to call me to account? I am alone in the world;
have no family to support; and; so far from damaging any one;
should even benefit my heir by my accelerated death。 However; I am
no advocate for suicide under any circumstances; there is something
undignified in it; unheroic; un…Germanic。 But if you must commit
suicide … and there is no knowing to what people may be brought …
always contrive to do it as decorously as possible; the decencies;
whether of life or of death; should never be lost sight of。 I
remember a female Quaker who committed suicide by cutting her
throat; but she did it decorously and decently: kneeling down over
a pail; so that not one drop fell upon the floor; thus exhibiting
in her last act that nice sense of neatness for which Quakers are
distinguished。 I have always had a respect for that woman's
memory。'
And here; filling his pipe from the canister; and lighting it at
the taper; he recommenced smoking calmly and sedately。
'But is not suicide forbidden in the Bible?' the youth demanded。
'Why; no; but what though it were! … the Bible is a respectable
book; but I should hardly call it one whose philosophy is of the
soundest。 I have said that it is a respectable book; I mean
respectable from its antiquity; and from containing; as Herder
says; 〃the earliest records of the human race;〃 though those
records are far from being dispassionately written; on which
account they are of less value than they otherwise might have been。
There is too much passion in the Bible; too much violence; now; to
come to all truth; especially historic truth; requires cool
dispassionate investigation; for which the Jews do not appear to
have ever been famous。 We are ourselves not famous for it; for we
are a passionate people; the Germans are not … they are not a
passionate people … a people celebrated for their oaths; we are。
The Germans have many excellent historic writers; we 。 。 。 'tis
true we have Gibbon 。 。 。 You have been reading Gibbon … what do
you think of him?'
'I think him a very wonderful writer。'
'He is a wonderful writer … one SUI GENERIS … uniting the
perspicuity of the English … for we are perspicuous … with the cool
dispassionate reasoning of the Germans。 Gibbon sought after the
truth; found it; and made it clear。'
'Then you think Gibbon a truthful writer?'
'Why; yes; who shall convict Gibbon of falsehood? Many people have
endeavoured to convict Gibbon of falsehood; they have followed him
in his researches; and have never found him once tripping。 Oh; he
is a wonderful writer! his power of condensation is admirable; the
lore of the whole world is to be found in his pages。 Sometimes in
a single note he has given us the result of the study of years; or;
to speak metaphorically; 〃he has ransacked a thousand Gulistans;
and has condensed all his fragrant booty into a single drop of
otto。〃'
'But was not Gibbon an enemy to the Christian faith?'
'Why; no; he was rather an enemy to priestcraft; so am I; and when
I say the philosophy of the Bible is in many respects unsound; I
always wish to make an exception in favour of that part of it which
contains the life and sayings of Jesus of Bethlehem; to which I
must always concede my unqualified admiration … of Jesus; mind you;
for with his followers and their dogmas I have nothing to do。 Of
all historic characters Jesus is the most beautiful and the most
heroic。 I have always been a friend to hero…worship; it is the
only rational one; and has always been in use amongst civilised
people … the worship of spirits is synonymous with barbarism … it
is mere fetish; the savages of West Africa are all spirit…
worshippers。 But there is something philosophic in the worship of
the heroes of the human race; and the true hero is the benefactor。
Brahma; Jupiter; Bacchus; were all benefactors; and; therefore;
entitled to the worship of their respective peoples。 The Celts
worshipped Hesus; who taught them to plough; a highly useful art。
We; who have attained a much higher state of civilisation than the
Celts ever did; worship Jesus; the first who endeavoured to teach
men to behave decently and decorously under all circumstances; who
was the foe of vengeance; in which there is something highly
indecorous; who had first the courage to lift his voice against
that violent dogma; 〃an eye for an eye〃; who shouted conquer; but
conquer with kindness; who said put up the sword; a violent
unphilosophic weapon; and who finally died calmly and decorously in
defence of his philosophy。 He must be a savage who denies worship
to the hero of Golgotha。'
'But he was something more than a hero; he was the Son of God;
wasn't he?'
The elderly individual made no immediate answer; but; after a few
more whiffs from his pipe; exclaimed; 'Come; fill your glass! How
do you advance with your translation of TELL'?
'It is nearly finished; but I do not think I shall proceed with it;
I begin to think the original somewhat dull。'
'There you are wrong; it is the masterpiece of Schiller; the first
of German poets。'
'It may be so;' said the youth。 'But; pray excuse me; I do not
think very highly of German poetry。 I have lately been reading
Shakespeare; and; when I turn from him to the Germans … even the
best of them … they appear mere pigmies。 You will pardon the
liberty I perhaps take in saying so。'
'I like that every one should have an opinion of his own;' said the
elderly individual; 'and; what is more; declare it。 Nothing
displeases me more than to see people assenting to everything that
they hear said; I at once come to the conclusion that they are
either hypocrites; or there is nothing in them。 But; with respect
to Shakespeare; whom I have not read for thirty years; is he not
rather given to bombast; 〃crackling bombast;〃 as I think I have
said in one of my essays?'
'I daresay he is;' said the youth; 'but I can't help thinking him
the greatest of all poets; not even excepting Homer。 I would
sooner have written that series of plays; founded on the fortunes
of the House of Lancaster; than the ILIAD itself。 The events
described are as lofty as those sung by Home