essays-1-第37节
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Cost 4 3/8 creutzers。
This soup； when cooked； weighed 11 lb； 26 loths； which； divided among the twelve persons belonging to the mess； gave for each 31 1/2 loths； and the cost （4 3/8 creutzers）； divided by twelve； gives nearly THREE…NINTHS of a creutzer for each portion。
For bread。
Four pieces of ammunition bread； weighing each ten loths； for each person；namely； one piece for breakfastone at dinnerone in the afternoon；and one at supper； in all； 40 loths； or one pound and a quarter； costs two creutzers and a half。
Details of expenses； etc。 for each person。
lb。 loths。 Creutzers For 1 8 dry bread 。。。 。。。 2 1/2 For 0 22 bread dumplins 。。。 2 15/24 For 0 31 1/2 bread soup 。。。 。。。 0 3/8 … … 2 30 1/2 of Food Cost 5 1/2 creutzers。
The same details expressed in Avoirdupois weight； and English money：
For each person lb。 oz。 Pence 1 8 76/100 dry ammunition bread 0 10/11 0 13 6/10 bread dumplins 。。。 0 693/792 1 3 1/2 bread soup 。。。 。。。 0 36/264 … 3 9 86/100 of Food Cost 2 pence。
June 20th； 1795。 Serjeant Kein's mess； second regiment of grenadiers。
Bill of Fare。
Boiled beefbread soupand liver dumplins。 Details of expenses； etc。 For the boiled beef and soup。
lb。 loths。 Creutzers。 2 0 beef 。。。 。。。 。。。 15 0 6 1/2 salt 。。。 。。。 。。。 0 1/2 0 0 1/2 pepper 。。。 。。。 0 1/2 0 2 sweet herbs 。。。 0 1/2 2 24 ammunition bread 3 1/4 17 0 water。。。 。。。 。。。 … 22 1 Cost 19 1/2 creutzers。
These ingredients were all boiled together two hours and five minutes； after which the beef was taken out of the soup and weighed； and was found to weigh 1 lb。 22 loths； the soup weighed 15 lb。； and these divided equally among the twelve persons belonging to the mess； gave for each portion； 4 1/2 loths of beef； and 1 lb。 8 loths of soup； and the cost of the whole （19 3/4 creutzers）； divided by 18； gives 1 31/48 creutzers for the cost of each portion。
Details of expenses； etc。 for the liver dumplins。
lb。 loths。 Creutzers。 2 28 of fine semel bread 15 1 0 of beef liver 。。。 。。。 。。。 5 0 18 of fine flour 。。。 。。。 。。。 2 1/2 0 6 of salt 。。。 。。。 。。。 。。。 0 1/2 2 24 of water 。。。 。。。 。。。 。。。 … Total 7 12 Cost 23 creutzers。
These ingredients being made into dumplins； the dumplins after being properly boiled were found to weigh 8 lb。This gave for each portion 21 1/3 loths； and the amount of the cost （23 creutzers）； divided by 12； the number of the portions； gives for each 1 11/12 creutzers。
The quantity of dry ammunition bread furnished to each person was 1 lb。 8 loths； and this； at two creutzers a pound； amounts to 2 1/2 creutzers。
Recapitulation。
For each person lb。 loths。 Creutzers。 0 4 1/2 of boiled beef； and ＇ 。。。 1 31/48 1 8 of bread soup ＇ 0 21 1/4 of liver dumplins 。。。 。。。 1 11/12 1 8 of dry bread 。。。 。。。 。。。 2 1/2 … 3 9 5/6 of Food Cost 6 3/48 creutzers。
In Avoirdupois weight； and English money； it is；for each person：
lb。 oz。 0 2。78 of boiled beef； and ＇ 。。。 0 948/1584 1 8。91 of bread soup ＇ 0 13。19 of liver dumplins 。。。 。。。 0 276/306 1 8。76 of dry bread 。。。 。。。 。。。 0 10/11 … … 4 1。54 of Food Cost 2 1/5 pence。
June 21st； 1795。 Bill of Fare。 Boiled beef； and bread soup； with bread dumplins。 Details of expenses； etc。 for the boiled beef and bread soup。 The same as yesterday； For the dumplins。
lb。 loths。 Creutzers。 2 30 semel bread 。。。 。。。 。。。 15 1/2 0 18 fine flour 。。。 。。。 。。。 3 0 6 salt 。。。 。。。 。。。 。。。 0 1/2 3 0 water 。。。 。。。 。。。 。。。 … … 6 22 Cost 19 creutzers。
These dumplins being boiled； were found to weigh 7 lb。 which gave for each person 18 2/3 loths； and each portion cost 1 7/12 creutzers。
Dry ammunition bread furnished to each person 1 lb。 8 loths； which cost 2 1/2 creutzers。
Recapitulation。
Each person belonging to the mess received this day：
lb。 loths。 Creutzers。 0 4 1/2 of boiled beef； and ＇ 。。。 1 31/48 1 8 of bread soup ＇ 0 18 2/3 of bread dumplins 。。。 。。。 1 7/12 1 8 of dry bread 。。。 。。。 。。。 2 1/2 … … 3 7 1/6 of Food Cost 5 35/42 creutzers
In Avoirdupois weight； and English money； it is；
lb。 oz。 0 2。78 of boiled beef； and ＇ 。。。 0 948/1584 1 8。76 of bread soup ＇ 0 11。54 of bread dumplins 。。。 。。。 0 228/396 1 8。76 of dry bread 。。。 。。。 。。。 0 10/11 … 4 0 of Food Cost 2 1/12 pence。
June 22d； 1795。 Bill of Fare。 Bread soup and meat dumplins。 Details of expenses； etc。
lb。 loths。 2 0 of beef 。。。 。。。 。。。 15 2 30 of semel bread 。。。 15 1/2 0 18 of fine flour 。。。 。。。 3 0 1 of pepper 。。。 。。。 1 0 12 of salt 。。。 。。。 。。。 1 0 2 of sweet herbs 。。。 0 1/2 2 24 of ammunition bread 3 1/4 2 16 of water to the dumplins Cost 39 1/4 creutzers。
The meat being cut fine； or minced； was mixed with the semel or wheaten bread； and these with the flour； and a due proportion of salt； were made into dumplins； and boiled in the soup。These dumplins when boiled； weighed 10 lb。 which； divided into 12 equal portions； gave 20 2/3 loths for each。
The soup weighed 15 lb。 which gave 1 lb。 8 loths for each portion。 Of dry ammunition bread； each person received 1 lb。 8 loths； which cost 2 1/2 creutzers。
Recapitulation。
Each person received this day
lb。 loths。 Creutzers 0 20 2/3 of meat dumplins； and ＇ 。。。 3 13/48 1 8 of bread soup ＇ 1 8 of ammunition bread 2 1/2 … … 3 4 2/3 of Food Cost 5 37/48 creutzers。
In Avoirdupois weight； and English money； it is；
lb。 oz。 Pence。 0 12。77 of meat dumplins； and ＇ 。。。 1 300/1584 1 8。76 of bread soup ＇ 1 8。76 of ammunition bread 。。。 。。。 0 10/11 3 14。29 of Food Cost 2 1/10 pence。
The results of all these experiments； （and of many more which I could add；） show that the Bavarian soldier can live；and the fact is that he actually does live；upon a little more than TWO THIRDS of his allowance。Of the five creutzers a…day which he receives in money； he seldom puts more than two creutzers and a half； and never more than three creutzers into the mess； so that at least TWO…FIFTHS of his pay remains； after he has defrayed all the expenses of his subsistence； and as he is furnished with every article of his clothing by the sovereign； and no stoppage is ever permitted to be made of any part of his pay； on any pretence whatever； THERE IS NO SOLDIER IN EUROPE WHOSE SITUATION IS MORE COMFORTABLE。
Though the ammunition bread with which he is furnished is rather coarse and brown； being made of rye…meal； with only a small quantity of the coarser part of the bran separated from it； yet it is not only wholesome； but very nourishing； and for making soup it is even more palatable than wheaten bread。 Most of the soldiers； however； in the Elector's service； and particularly those belonging to the Bavarian regiments； make a practice of selling a great part of their allowance of ammunition bread； and with the money they get for it； buy the best wheaten bread that is to be had； and many of them never taste brown bread but in their soup。
The ammunition bread is delivered to the soldiers every fourth day； in loaves； each loaf being equal to two rations； and it is a rule generally established in the messes； for each soldier to furnish one loaf for the use of the mess every twelfth day； so that he has five…sixths of his allowance of bread； which remains at his disposal。
The foregoing account of the manner in which the Bavarian soldiers are fed； will； I think； show most clearly the great importance of making soldiers live together in messes。It may likewise furnish some useful hints to those who may be engaged in feeding the Poor； or in providing Food for ships's companies； or other bodies of men who are fed in common。
With regard to the expense of fuel in these experiments； as the victuals were cooked in earthen pots； over an open fire； the consumption of fire…wood was very great。
On the 10th of June； when 9 lb。 30 1/2 loths of soup； 1 lb。 28 loths of meat； and 5 lb。 24 loths of bread dumplins； in all 17 lb。 18 1/2 of Food were prepared； and the process of cooking； from the time the fire was light
