the meditations-第43节
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XVII。 〃Wonder at them〃 （18） ： i。e。 mankind。
XXXVII。 〃Chrysippus〃 （42）： C。 refers to a passage of Plutarch De Communibus Notitiis （c。 xiv。）； where Chrysippus is represented as saying that a coarse phrase may be vile in itself； yet have due place in a comedy as contributing to a certain effect。
XL。 〃Man or men 。 。 。〃 There is no hiatus in the Greek； which means： 〃Whatever （is beneficial） for a man is so for other men also。〃
XLII。 There is no hiatus in the Greek。
BOOK VII IX。 C。 translates his conjecture mh for h。 The Greek means 〃 straight； or rectified；〃 with a play on the literal and metaphorical meaning of ortoz。
XIV。 endaimonia。 contains the word daimwn in composition。 XXII。The text is corrupt； but the words 〃or if it be but few 〃 should be 〃that is little enough。〃
XXIII。 〃Plato〃： Republic； vi。 p。 486 A。
XXV。 〃It will；〃 etc。 Euripides； Belerophon； frag。 287 （Nauck）。
〃Lives；〃 etc。 Euripides； Hypsipyle； frag。 757 （Nauck）。 〃As long；〃 etc。 Aristophanes； Acharne； 66 i。
〃Plato〃 Apology； p。 28 B。
〃For thus〃 Apology； p。 28 F。
XXVI。 〃But； 0 noble sir；〃 etc。 Plato； Gorgias； 512 D。 XXVII。 〃And as for those parts；〃 etc。 A quotation from Euripides； Chryssipus； frag。 839 （Nauck）。
〃With meats；〃 etc。 From Euripides； Supplices； 1110。 XXXIII。 〃They both；〃 i。e。 life and wrestling。
〃Says he〃 （63）： Plato； quoted by Epictetus； Arr。 i。 28； 2 and 22。
XXXVII。 〃How know we；〃 etc。 The Greek means： 〃how know we whether Telauges were not nobler in character than Sophocles？〃 The allusion is unknown。
XXVII。 〃Frost〃 The word is written by Casaubon as a proper name； 〃 Pagus。'
〃The hardihood of Socrates was famous〃； see Plato； Siymposium； p。 220。
BOOK X XXII。 The Greek means； 〃paltry breath bearing up corpses； so that the tale of Dead Man's Land is clearer。〃
XXII。 〃The poet〃 （21） ： Euripides； frag。 898 （Nauck）； compare Aeschylus； Danaides； frag。 44。
XXIV。 〃Plato〃 （23）： Theaetetus； p。 174 D。
XXXIV。 〃The poet〃 （34）： Homer； Iliad； vi。 147。
XXXIV。 〃Wood〃： A translation of ulh； 〃matter。〃
XXXVIII。 〃Rhetoric〃 （38）： Rather 〃the gift of speech〃； or perhaps the 〃decree〃 of the reasoning faculty。
BOOK XI V。 〃Cithaeron〃 （6） ： Oedipus utters this cry after discovering that he has fulfilled his awful doom； he was exposed on Cithaeron as an infant to die； and the cry implies that he wishes he had died there。 Sophocles； Oedipus Tyrannus； 1391。
V。 〃New Comedy 。 。 。；〃 etc。 C。 has here strayed from the Greek rather widely。 Translate： 〃and understand to what end the New Comedy was adopted； which by small degrees degenerated into a mere show of skill in mimicry。〃 C。 writes Comedia Vetus； Media； Nova。 XII。 〃Phocion〃 （13）： When about to be put to death he charged his son to bear no malice against the Athenians。
XXVIII。 〃 My heart；〃 etc。 （31）： From Homer； Odyssey ix。 413。 〃They will〃 From Hesiod； Opera et Dies； 184。
〃Epictetus〃 Arr。 i。 II； 37。
XXX。 〃Cut down grapes〃 （35）： Correct 〃ears of corn。〃 〃Epictetus〃（36）： Arr。 3； 22； 105。
GLOSSARY
This Glossary includes all proper names （excepting a few which are insignificant or unknown） and all obsolete or obscure words。 ADRIANUS； or Hadrian （76…138 A。 D。）； i4th Roman Emperor。
Agrippa； M。 Vipsanius （63…12 B。C。）； a distinguished soldier under Augustus。
Alexander the Great； King of Macedonia； and Conqueror of the East； 356…323 B。C。
Antisthenes of Athens； founder of the sect of Cynic philosophers； and an opponent of Plato； 5th century B。C Antoninus Pius； 15th Roman Emperor； 138…161 AD。 one of the best princes that ever mounted a throne。
Apathia： the Stoic ideal was calmness in all circumstance an insensibility to pain； and absence of all exaltation at； pleasure or good fortune。
Apelles； a famous painter of antiquity。
Apollonius of Alexandria； called Dyscolus； or the 'ill…tempered；'
a great grammarian。
Aposteme； tumour； excrescence。
Archimedes of Syracuse 287…212 B。C。； the most famous mathematician of antiquity。
Athos； a mountain promontory at the N。 of the Aegean Sea。
Augustus； first Roman Emperor （ruled 31 B。C。…14 AD。）。
Avoid； void。
BACCHIUS： there Were several persons of this name； and the one meant is perhaps the musician。
Brutus （1） the liberator of the Roman people from their kings； and （2） the murderer of Caesar。
Both names were household words。
Caesar； Caius； Julius； the Dictator and Conqueror。
Caieta； a town in Latium。
Camillus； a famous dictator in the early days of the Roman Republic。
Carnuntum； a town on the Danube in Upper Pannonia。
Cato； called of Utica； a Stoic who died by his own hand after the battle of Thapsus； 46 B。C。 His name was proverbial for virtue and courage。
Cautelous； cautious。
Cecrops； first legendary King of Athens。
Charax； perhaps the priestly historian of that name； whose date is unknown； except that it must be later than Nero。
Chirurgeon； surgeon。
Chrysippus； 280…207 B。C。； a Stoic philosopher； and the founder of Stoicism as a systematic philosophy。
Circus； the Circus Maximus at Rome； where games were held。
There were four companies who contracted to provide horses； drivers； etc。 These were called Factiones； and each had its distinguishing colour： russata （red）； albata （white）； veneta （blue）； prasina （green）。 There was high rivalry between them； and riots and bloodshed not infrequently。
Cithaeron； a mountain range N。
of Attica。
Comedy； ancient； a term applied to the Attic comedy of Aristophanes and his time； which criticised persons and politics； like a modern comic journal； such as Punck。 See New Comedy。
Compendious； short。
Conceit； opinion。
Contentation； contentment。
Crates； a Cynic philosopher of the 4th century B。C。
Croesus； King of Lydia； proverbial for wealth； he reigned 560…546 B。C。
Cynics； a school of philosophers； founded by Antisthenes。 Their texts were a kind of caricature of Socraticism。 Nothing was good but virtue； nothing bad but vice。 The Cynics repudiated all civil and social claims； and attempted to return to what they called a state of nature。 Many of them were very disgusting in their manners。
DEMETRIUS of Phalerum； an Athenian orator； statesman； philosopher； and poet。 Born 345 B。C。
Democritus of Abdera （460…361 B。C。）； celebrated as the 'laughing philosopher；' whose constant thought was 'What fools these mortals be。' He invented the Atomic Theory。
Dio of Syracuse； a disciple of Plato； and afterwards tyrant of Syracuse。 Murdered 353 B。C。
Diogenes； the Cynic； born about 412 B。C。； renowned for his rude…
ness and hardihood。
Diognetus； a painter。
Dispense with； put up with。
Dogmata； pithy sayings； or philosophical rules of life。
EMPEDOCLES of Agrigentum； fl。
5th century B。C。； a philosopher； who first laid down that there were 〃four elements。〃 He believed in the transmigration of souls； and the indestructibility of matter。
Epictetus； a famous Stoic philosopher。 He was of Phrygia； at first a slave； then freedman； lame； poor； and contented。
The work called Encheiridion was compiled by a pupil from his discourses。
Epicureans； a sect of philosophers founded by Epicurus； who 〃combined the physics of Democritus；〃 i。e。 the atomic theory； 〃with the ethics of Aristippus。〃
They proposed to live for happiness； but the word did not bear that coarse and vulgar sense originally which it soon took。
Epicurus of Samos； 342…270 B。C。
Lived at Athens in his 〃gardens；〃 an urbane and kindly； if somewhat useless； life。 His character was simple and temperate； and had none of the vice or indulgence which was afterwards associated with the name of Epicurean。
Eudoxus of Cnidus； a famous astronomer and physician of the 4th century B。 C。
FATAL； fated。
Fortuit； chance （adj。）。
Fronto； M。 Cornelius； a rhetorician and pleader； made consul in 143 A。D。 A number of his letters to M； Aur。 and others are extant。
GRANUA； a tributary of the Danube。
HELICE； ancient capital city of Achaia； swallowed up by an earthquake； 373 B。C。
Helvidius Priscus； son…in…law of Thrasea Paetus； a noble man and a lover of liberty。 He was banished by Nero； and put to death by Vespasian。
Heraclitus of Ephesus； who lived in the 6th century B。C。 He wrote on philosophy and natural science。
Herculaneum； near Mount Vesuvius； buried by the eruption of 79 AD。
Hercules； p。 167； should be Apollo。 See Muses。
Hiatus； gap。
Hipparchus of Bithynia； an astronomer of the 2nd century B。C。； 〃The true father of astronomy。〃
Hippocrates of Cos； about 460…357 B。C。 One of the most famous physicians of antiquity。
IDIOT； means merely the non…proficient in anything； the 〃layman；〃 he who was not technically trained in any art； craft； or calling。
LEONNATUS； a distinguished general under Alexander the Great。
Lucilla； daughter of M。 Aurelius； and wife of Verus； whom she survived。
MAECENAS； a trusted adviser of Augustus； and a munificent patron of wits and literary men。
Maximus； Claudius； a Stoic philosopher。
Menippus； a Cynic philosopher。
Meteores； ta metewrologika； 〃high philosophy；〃 used specially of astronomy and natural philosophy； which were bound up with other speculations。
Middle Comedy； something midway between the Old and New Come
