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ions for better things he remembers the wife whom he has probably enough deserted察or left from sheer inability to provide her anything to eat。 As soon as such a man finds himself under good influence and fairly employed his first thought is to go and look after the ;Missis。; There is very little reality about any change of heart in a married man who does not thus turn in sympathy and longing towards his wife察and the more successful we are in dealing with these people the more inevitable it is that we shall be confronted with married couple's who in turn demand that we should provide for them lodgings。 This we propose to do also on a commercial footing。 I see greater developments in this direction察one of which will be described in the chapter relating to Suburban Cottages。 The Model´lodging House for Married People is察however察one of those things that must be provided as an adjunct of the Food and Shelter Depots。
SECTION 2。MODEL SUBURBAN VILLAGES。
As I have repeatedly stated already察but will state once more察for it is important enough to bear endless repetition察one of the first steps which must inevitably be taken in the reformation of this class察is to make for them decent察healthy察pleasant homes察or help them to make them for themselves察which察if possible察is far better。 I do not regard the institution of any first察second察or third´class lodging´houses as affording anything but palliatives of the existing distress。 To substitute life in a boarding´house for life in the streets is察no doubt察an immense advance察but it is by no means the ultimatum。 Life in a boarding´house is better than the worst察but it is far from being the best form of human existence。 Hence察the object I constantly keep in view is how to pilot those persons who have been set on their feet again by means of the Food and Shelter Depots察and who have obtained employment in the City察into the possession of homes of their own。
Neither can I regard the one察or at most two察rooms in which the large majority of the inhabitants of our great cities are compelled to spend their days察as a solution of the question。 The overcrowding which fills every separate room of a tenement with a human litter察and compels family life from the cradle to the grave to be lived within the four walls of a single apartment察must go on reproducing in endless succession all the terrible evils which such a state of things must inevitably create。
Neither can I be satisfied with the vast察unsightly piles of barrack´like buildings察which are only a slight advance upon the Union Bastilledubbed Model Industrial Dwellingsso much in fashion at present察as being a satisfactory settlement of the burning question of the housing of the poor。 As a contribution to this question察I propose the establishment of a series of Industrial Settlements or Suburban Villages察lying out in the country察within a reasonable distance of all our great cities察composed of cottages of suitable size and construction察and with all needful comfort and accommodation for the families of working´men察the rent of which察together with the railway fare察and other economic conveniences察should be within the reach of a family of moderate income。
This proposal lies slightly apart from the scope of this book察otherwise I should be disposed to elaborate the project at greater length。 I may say察however察that what I here propose has been carefully thought out察and is of a perfectly practical character。 In the planning of it I have received some valuable assistance from a friend who has had considerable experience in the building trade察and he stakes his professional reputation on its feasibility。 The following察however察may be taken as a rough outline此
The Village should not be more than twelve miles from town察should be in a dry and healthy situation察and on a line of railway。 It is not absolutely necessary that it should be near a station察seeing that the company would察for their own interests察immediately erect one。
The Cottages should be built of the best material and workmanship。 This would be effected most satisfactorily by securing a contract for the labour only察the projectors of the Scheme purchasing the materials and supplying them direct from the manufacturers to the builders。 The cottages would consist of three or four rooms察with a scullery察and out´building in the garden。 The cottages should be built in terraces察each having a good garden attached。 Arrangements should be made for the erection of from one thousand to two thousand houses at the onset。 In the Village a Co´operative Goods Store should be established察supplying everything that was really necessary for the villagers at the most economic prices。 The sale of intoxicating drink should be strictly forbidden on the Estate察and察if possible察the landowner from whom the land is obtained should be tied off from allowing any licences to be held on any other portion of the adjoining land。 It is thought that the Railway Company察in consideration of the inconvenience and suffering they have inflicted on the poor察and in their own interests察might be induced to make the following advantageous arrangements此
1 The conveyance of each member actually living in the village to and from London at the rate of sixpence per week。 Each pass should have on it the portrait of the owner察and be fastened to some article of the dress察and be available only by Workmen's Trains running early and late and during certain hours of the day察when the trains are almost empty。
2 The conveyance of goods and parcels should be at half the ordinary rates。 It is reasonable to suppose that large landowners would gladly give one hundred acres of land in view of the immensely advanced values of the surrounding property which would immediately follow察seeing that the erection of one thousand or two thousand cottages would constitute the nucleus of a much larger Settlement。
Lastly察the rent of a four´roomed cottage must not exceed 3s。 per week。 Add to this the sixpenny ticket to and from London察and you have 3s。 6d。 and if the company should insist on 1s。察it will make 4s。察for which there would be all the advantages of a comfortable cottageof which it would be possible for the tenant to become the ownera good garden察 pleasant surroundings察and other influences promotive of the health and happiness of the family。 It is hardly necessary to remark that in connection with this Village there will be perfect freedom of opinion on all matters。 A glance at the ordinary homes of the poor people of this great City will at once assure us that such a village would be a veritable Paradise to them察and that were four察five察or six settlements provided at once they would not contain a tithe of the people who would throng to occupy them。
SECTION 3。THE POOR MAN'S BANK。
If the love of money is the root of all evil察the want of money is the cause of an immensity of evil and trouble。 The moment you begin practically to alleviate the miseries of the people察you discover that the eternal want of pence is one of their greatest difficulties。 In my most sanguine moments I have never dreamed of smoothing this difficulty out of the lot of man察but it is surely no unattainable ideal to establish a Poor Man's Bank察which will extend to the lower middle class and the working population the advantages of the credit system察which is the very foundation of our boasted commerce。
It might be better that there should be no such thing as credit察that no one should lend money察and that everyone should be compelled to rely solely upon whatever ready money he may possess from day to day。 But if so察let us apply the principle all round察do not let us glory in our world´wide commerce and boast ourselves in our riches察obtained察in so many cases察by the ignoring of this principle。 If it is right for a great merchant to have dealings with his banker察if it is indispensable for the due carrying on of the business of the rich men that they should have at their elbow a credit system which will from time to time accommodate them with needful advances and enable them to stand up against the pressure of sudden demands察which otherwise would wreck them察then surely the case is still stronger for providing a similar resource for the smaller men察the weaker men。 At present Society is organised far too much on the principle of giving to him who hath so that he shall have more abundantly察and taking away from him who hath not even that which he hath。
If we are to really benefit the poor察we can only do so by practical measures。 We have merely to look round and see the kind of advantages which wealthy men find indispensable for the due management of their business察and ask ourselves whether poor men cannot be supplied with the same opportunities。 The reason why they are not is obvious。 To supply the needs of the rich is a means of making yourself rich察to supply the needs of the poor will involve you in trouble so out of proportion to the profit that the game may not be worth the candle。 Men go into banking and other businesses for the sake of obtaining what the American humourist said was the chief end of man in these modern times察namely察 ten per