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TRANSPORT　TO　THE　COLONY　OVER…SEA。

We　now　come　to　the　question　of　transport。　　This　certainly　has　an　element　of　difficulty　in　it；　if　the　remedy　is　to　be　applied　on　a　very　large　scale。　　But　this　will　appear　of　less　importance　if　we　consider：　

That　the　largeness　of　the　number　will　reduce　the　individual　cost。　Emigrants　can　be　conveyed　to　such　a　location　in　South　Africa；　as　we　have　in　view；　by　ones　and　twos　at　#8　per　head；　including　land　journey；　and；　no　doubt；　were　a　large　number　carried；　this　figure　would　be　reduced　considerably。

Many　of　the　Colonists　would　have　friends　who　would　assist　them　with　the　cost　of　passage　money　and　outfit。

All　the　unmarried　will　have　earned　something　on　the　City　and　Farm　Colonies；　which　will　go　towards　meeting　their　passage　money。　　In　the　course　of　time　relatives；　who　are　comfortably　settled　in　the　Colony；　will　save　money；　and　assist　their　kindred　in　getting　out　to　them。　We　have　the　examples　before　our　eyes　in　Australia　and　the　United　States　of　how　those　countries　have　in　this　form　absorbed　from　Europe　millions　of　poor　struggling　people。

All　Colonists　and　emigrants　generally　will　bind　themselves　in　a　legal　instrument　to　repay　all　monies；　expenses　of　passage；　outfit；　or　otherwise；　which　would　in　turn　be　utilised　in　sending　out　further　contingents。

On　the　plan　named；　if　prudently　carried　out；　and　generously　assisted；　the　transfer　of　the　entire　surplus　population　of　this　country　is　not　only　possible；　but　would；　we　think；　in　process　of　time；　be　effected　with　enormous　advantage　to　the　people　themselves；　to　this　country；　and　the　country　of　their　adoption。　　The　history　of　Australia　and　the　United　States　evidences　this。　　It　is　quite　true　the　first　settlers　in　the　latter　were　people　superior　in　every　way　for　such　an　enterprise　to　the　bulk　of　those　we　propose　to　send　out。　　But　it　is　equally　true　that　large　numbers　of　the　most　ignorant　and　vicious　of　our　European　populations　have　been　pouring　into　that　country　ever　since　without　affecting　its　prosperity；　and　this　Colony　Over…Sea　would　have　the　immense　advantage　at　the　outset　which　would　come　from　a　government　and　discipline　carefully　adapted　to　its　peculiar　circumstances；　and　rigidly　enforced　in　every　particular。

I　would　guard　against　misconception　in　relation　to　this　Colony　Over…Sea　by　pointing　out　that　all　my　proposals　here　are　necessarily　tentative　and　experimental。　　There　is　no　intention　on　my　part　to　stick　to　any　of　these　suggestions　if；　on　maturer　consideration　and　consultation　with　practical　men；　they　can　be　improved　upon。　　Mr。　Arnold　White；　who　has　already　conducted　two　parties　of　Colonists　to　South　Africa；　is　one　of　the　few　men　in　this　country　who　has　had　practical　experience　of　the　actual　difficulties　of　colonisation。　　I　have；　through　a　mutual　friend；　had　the　advantage　of　comparing　notes　with　him　very　fully；　and　I　venture　to　believe　that　there　is　nothing　in　this　Scheme　that　is　not　in　harmony　with　the　result　of　his　experience。　　In　a　couple　of　months　this　book　will　be　read　all　over　the　world。　　It　will　bring　me　a　plentiful　crop　of　suggestions；　and；　I　hope；　offers　of　service　from　many　valuable　and　experienced　Colonists　in　every　country。　　In　the　due　order　of　things　the　Colony　Over…Sea　is　the　last　to　be　started。　　Long　before　our　first　batch　of　Colonists　is　ready　to　cross　the　ocean　I　shall　be　in　a　position　to　correct　and　revise　the　proposals　of　this　chapter　by　the　best　wisdom　and　matured　experience　of　the　practical　men　of　every　Colony　in　the　Empire。


SECTION　2。UNIVERSAL　EMIGRATION。

We　have　in　our　remarks　on　the　Over…Sea　Colony　referred　to　the　general　concensus　of　opinion　on　the　part　of　those　who　have　studied　the　Social　Question　as　to　Emigration　being　the　only　remedy　for　the　overcrowded　population　of　this　country；　at　the　same　time　showing　some　of　the　difficulties　which　lie　in　the　way　of　the　adoption　of　the　remedy；　the　dislike　of　the　people　to　so　great　a　change　as　is　involved　in　going　from　one　country　to　another；　the　cost　of　their　transfer；　and　their　general　unfitness　for　an　emigrant's　life。　　These　difficulties；　as　I　think　we　have　seen；　are　fully　met　by　the　Over…Sea　Colony　Scheme。　　But；　apart　from　those　who；　driven　by　their　abject　poverty；　will　avail　themselves　of　our　Scheme；　there　are　multitudes　of　people　all　over　the　country　who　would　be　likely　to　emigrate　could　they　be　assisted　in　so　doing。　Those　we　propose　to　help　in　the　following　manner：　

　1。　By　opening　a　Bureau　in　London；　and　appointing　Officers　whose　　　　　business　it　will　be　to　acquire　every　kind　of　information　as　to　　　　　suitable　countries；　their　adaptation　to；　and　the　openings　they　　　　　present　for　different　trades　and　callings；　the　possibility　of　　　　　obtaining　land　and　employment；　the　rates　of　remuneration；　and　the　　　　　like。　　These　enquiries　will　include　the　cost　of　passage…money；　　　　　railway　fares；　outfit；　together　with　every　kind　of　information　　　　　required　by　an　emigrant。

　2。　From　this　Bureau　any　one　may　obtain　all　necessary　information。

　3。　Special　terms　will　be　arranged　with　steamships；　railway　companies；　　　　　and　land　agents；　of　which　emigrants　using　the　Bureau　will　have　the　　　　　advantage。

　4。　Introductions　will　be　supplied；　as　far　as　possible；　to　agents　and　　　　　friends　in　the　localities　to　which　the　emigrant　may　be　proceeding。

　5。　Intending　emigrants；　desirous　of　saving　money；　can　deposit　it　　　　　through　this　Bureau　in　the　Army　Bank　for　that　purpose。

　6。　It　is　expected　that　government　contractors　and　other　employers　of　　　　　labour　requiring　Colonists　of　reliable　character　will　apply　to　this　　　　　Bureau　for　such；　offering　favourable　terms　with　respect　to　　　　　passage…money；　employment；　and　other　advantages。

　7。　No　emigrant　will　be　sent　out　in　response　to　any　application　from　　　　　abroad　where　the　emigrant's　expenses　are　defrayed；　without　　　　　references　as　to　character；　industry；　and　fitness。

This　Bureau；　we　think；　will　be　especially　useful　to　women　and　young　girls。　　There　must　be　a　large　number　of　such　in　this　country　living　in　semi…starvation；　anyway；　with　very　poor　prospects；　who　would　be　very　welcome　abroad；　the　expense　of　whose　transfer　governments；　and　masters　and　mistresses　alike　would　be　very　glad　to　defray；　or　assist　in　defraying；　if　they　could　only　be　assured　on　both　sides　of　the　beneficial　character　of　the　arrangements　when　made。

So　widespread　now　are　the　operations　of　the　Army；　and　so　extensively　will　this　Bureau　multiply　its　agencies　that　it　will　speedily　be　able　to　make　personal　enquiries　on　both　sides；　that　is　in　the　interest　alike　of　the　emigrant　and　the　intended　employer　in　any　part　of　the　world。


SECTION　3。THE　SALVATION　SHIP。

When　we　have　selected　a　party　of　emigrants　whom　we　believe　to　be　sufficiently　prepared　to　settle　on　the　land　which　has　been　got　ready　for　them　in　the　Colony　over　Sea；　it　will　be　no　dismal　expatriation　which　will　await　them。　　No　one　who　has　ever　been　on　the　West　Coast　of　Ireland　when　the　emigrants　were　departing；　and　has　heard　the　dismal　wails　which　arise　from　those　who　are　taking　leave　of　each　other　for　the　last　time　on　earth；　can　fail　to　sympathise　with　the　horror　excited　in　many　minds　by　the　very　word　emigration。　　But　when　our　party　sets　out；　there　will　be　no　violent　wrenching　of　home　ties。　　In　our　ship　we　shall　export　them　allfather；　mother；　and　children。　　The　individuals　will　be　grouped　in　families；　and　the　families　will；　on　the　Farm　Colony；　have　been　for　some　months　past　more　or　less　near　neighbours；　meeting　each　other　in　the　field；　in　the　workshops；　and　in　the　Religious　Services。　It　will　resemble　nothing　so　much　as　the　unmooring　of　a　little　piece　of　England；　and　towing　it　across　the　sea　to　find　a　safe　anchorage　in　a　sunnier　clime。　　The　ship　which　takes　out　emigrants　will　bring　back　the　produce　of　the　farms；　and　constant　travelling　to　and　fro　will　lead　more　than　ever　to　the　feeling　that　we　and　our　ocean…sundered　brethren　are　members　of　one　family。

No　one　who　has　ever　crossed　the　ocean　can　have　failed　to　be　impressed　with　the　mischief　that　comes　to　emigrants　when　they　are　on　their　way　to　their　destination。　　Many　and　many　a　girl　has　dated　her　downfall　from　the　temptations　which　beset　her　while　journeying　to　a　land　where　she　had　hoped　to　find　a　happier　future

〃Satan　finds　some　mischief　still　for　idle　hands　to　do；〃　and　he　must　have　his　hands　full　on　board　an　emigrant　ship。　　Look　into　the　steerage　at　any　time；　and　you　will　find　boredom　inexpressible　on　every　face。　The　men　have　nothing　to　do；　and　an　incident　of　no　more　importance　than　the　appearance　of　a　sail　upon　the　distant　horizon　is　an　event　which　makes　the　whole　ship　talk。　　I　do　not　see　why　this　should　be　so。　Of　course；　in　the　case　of　conveying　passengers　and　freight；　with　the　utmost　possible　expedition；　for　short　distances；　it　would　be　idle　to　expect　that　either　time　or　energies　could　be　spared　for　the　employment　or　instruction　of　the　passengers。　　But　the　case　is　different　when；　instead　of　going　to　America；　the　emigrant　turns　his　face　to　South　Africa　or　remote　Australia。　　Then；　even　with　the　fastest　steamers；　they　must　remain　some　weeks　or　months　upon　the　high　seas。　　The　result　is　that　habits　of　idleness　are　contracted；　bad　acquaintances　are　formed；　and　very　often　the　moral　and　religious　work　of　a　lifetime　is　undone。

To　avoid　these　evil　consequences；　I