in darkest england and the way out-第35节

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　learn　how　to　hedge　and　ditch；　how　to　make　roads　and　build　bridges；　and　generally　to　subdue　the　earth　and　make　it　yield　to　him　the　riches　which　it　never　withholds　from　the　industrious　and　skilful　workman。　　But　the　Farm　Colony；　any　more　than　the　City　Colony；　although　an　abiding　institution；　will　not　provide　permanently　for　those　with　whom　we　have　to　deal。　　It　is　a　Training　School　for　Emigrants；　a　place　where　those　indispensably　practical　lessons　are　given　which　will　enable　the　Colonists　to　know　their　way　about　and　to　feel　themselves　at　home　wherever　there　is　land　to　till；　stock　to　rear；　and　harvests　to　reap。　　We　shall　rely　greatly　for　the　peace　and　prosperity　of　the　Colony　upon　the　sense　of　brotherhood　which　will　be　universal　in　it　from　the　highest　to　the　lowest。　　While　there　will　be　no　systematic　wage…paying　there　will　be　some　sort　of　rewards　and　remuneration　for　honest　industry；　which　will　be　stored　up；　for　his　benefit；　as　afterwards　explained。　　They　will　in　the　main　work　each　for　all；　and；　therefore；　the　needs　of　all　will　be　supplied；　and　any　overplus　will　go　to　make　the　bridge　over　which　any　poor　fellow　may　escape　from　the　horrible　pit　and　the　miry　clay　from　which　they　themselves　have　been　rescued。

The　dulness　and　deadness　of　country　life；　especially　in　the　Colonies；　leads　many　men　to　prefer　a　life　of　hardship　and　privation　in　a　City　slum。　　But　in　our　Colony　they　would　be　near　to　each　other；　and　would　enjoy　the　advantages　of　country　life　and　the　association　and　companionship　of　life　in　town。


SECTION　2。THE　INDUSTRIAL　VILLAGE。

In　describing　the　operations　of　the　Household　Salvage　Brigade　I　have　referred　to　the　enormous　quantities　of　good　sound　food　which　would　be　collected　from　door　to　door　every　day　of　the　year。　　Much　of　this　food　would　be　suitable　for　human　consumption；　its　waste　being　next　door　to　sinful。　　Imagine；　for　instance；　the　quantities　of　soup　which　might　be　made　from　boiling　the　good　fresh　meaty　bones　of　the　great　City！　Think　of　the　dainty　dishes　which　a　French　cook　would　be　able　to　serve　up　from　the　scraps　and　odds　and　ends　of　a　single　West　End　kitchen。　Good　cookery　is　not　an　extravagance　but　an　economy；　and　many　a　tasty　dish　is　made　by　our　Continental　friends　out　of　materials　which　would　be　discarded　indignantly　by　the　poorest　tramp　in　Whitechapel。

But　after　all　that　is　done　there　will　remain　a　mass　of　food　which　cannot　be　eaten　by　man；　but　can　be　converted　into　food　for　him　by　the　simple　process　of　passing　it　through　another　digestive　apparatus。　The　old　bread　of　London；　the　soiled；　stale　crusts　can　be　used　in　foddering　the　horses　which　are　employed　in　collecting　the　waste。　It　will　help　to　feed　the　rabbits；　whose　hutches　will　be　close　by　every　cottage　on　the　estate；　and　the　hens　of　the　Colony　will　flourish　on　the　crumbs　which　fall　from　the　table　of　Dives。　　But　after　the　horses　and　the　rabbits　and　poultry　have　been　served；　there　will　remain　a　residuum　of　eatable　matter；　which　can　only　be　profitably　disposed　of　to　the　voracious　and　necessary　pig。　　I　foresee　the　rise　of　a　piggery　in　connection　with　the　new　Social　Scheme；　which　will　dwarf　into　insignificance　all　that　exist　in　Great　Britain　and　Ireland。　　We　have　the　advantage　of　the　experience　of　the　whole　world　as　to　the　choice　of　breeds；　the　construction　of　sties；　and　the　rearing　of　stock。　　We　shall　have　the　major　part　of　our　food　practically　for　the　cost　of　collection；　and　be　able　to　adopt　all　the　latest　methods　of　Chicago　for　the　killing；　curing；　and　disposing　of　our　pork；　ham；　and　bacon。

There　are　few　animals　more　useful　than　the　pig。　　He　will　eat　anything；　live　anywhere；　and　almost　every　particle　of　him；　from　the　tip　of　his　nose　to　the　end　of　his　tail；　is　capable　of　being　converted　into　a　saleable　commodity。　　Your　pig　also　is　a　great　producer　of　manure；　and　agriculture　is　after　all　largely　a　matter　of　manure。　　Treat　the　land　well　and　it　will　treat　you　well。　　With　our　piggery　in　connection　with　our　Farm　Colony　there　would　be　no　lack　of　manure。

With　the　piggery　there　would　grow　up　a　great　bacon　factory　for　curing；　and　that　again　would　make　more　work。　　Then　as　for　sausages　they　would　be　produced　literally　by　the　mile；　and　all　made　of　the　best　meat　instead　of　being　manufactured　out　of　the　very　objectionable　ingredients　too　often　stowed　away　in　that　poor　man's　favourite　ration。

Food；　however；　is　only　one　of　the　materials　which　will　be　collected　by　the　Household　Salvage　Brigade。　　The　barges　which　float　down　the　river　with　the　tide；　laden　to　the　brim　with　the　cast…off　waste　of　half　a　million　homes；　will　bring　down　an　enormous　quantity　of　material　which　cannot　be　eaten　even　by　pigs。　　There　will　be；　for　instance；　the　old　bones。　　At　present　it　pays　speculators　to　go　to　the　prairies　of　America　and　gather　up　the　bleached　bones　of　the　dead　buffaloes；　in　order　to　make　manure。　　It　pays　manufacturers　to　bring　bones　from　the　end　of　the　earth　in　order　to　grind　them　up　for　use　on　our　fields。　But　the　waste　bones　of　London；　who　collects　them？　　I　see；　as　in　a　vision；　barge　loads　upon　barge　loads　of　bones　floating　down　the　Thames　to　the　great　Bone　Factory。　　Some　of　the　best　will　yield　material　for　knife　handles　and　buttons；　and　the　numberless　articles　which　will　afford　ample　opportunity　in　the　long　winter　evenings　for　the　acquisition　of　skill　on　the　part　of　our　Colonist　carvers；　while　the　rest　will　go　straight　to　the　Manure　Mill。　　There　will　be　a　constant　demand　for　manure　on　the　part　of　our　ever…increasing　nests　of　new　Colonies　and　our　Co…operative　Farm；　every　man　in　which　will　be　educated　in　the　great　doctrine　that　there　is　no　good　agriculture　without　liberal　manuring。　　And　here　will　be　an　unfailing　source　of　supply。

Among　the　material　which　comes　down　will　be　an　immense　quantity　of　greasy　matter；　bits　of　fat；　suet　and　lard；　tallow；　strong　butter；　and　all　the　rancid　fat　of　a　great　city。　　For　all　that　we　shall　have　to　find　use。　　The　best　of　it　will　make　waggon　grease；　the　rest；　after　due　boiling　and　straining；　will　form　the　nucleus　of　the　raw　material　which　will　make　our　Social　Soap　a　household　word　throughout　the　kingdom。　After　the　Manure　Works；　the　Soap　Factory　will　be　the　natural　adjunct　of　our　operations。

The　fourth　great　output　of　the　daily　waste　of　London　will　be　waste　paper　and　rags；　which；　after　being　chemically　treated；　and　duly　manipulated　by　machinery；　will　be　re…issued　to　the　world　in　the　shape　of　paper。　　The　Salvation　Army　consumes　no　less　than　thirty　tons　of　paper　every　week。　　Here；　therefore；　would　be　one　customer　for　as　much　paper　as　the　new　mill　would　be　able　to　turn　out　at　the　onset；　paper　on　which　we　could　print　the　glad　tidings　of　great　joy；　and　tell　the　poor　of　all　nations　the　news　of　salvation　for　earth　and　Heaven；　full；　present；　and　free　to　all　the　children　of　men。

Then　comes　the　tin。　　It　will　go　hard　with　us　if　we　cannot　find　some　way　of　utilizing　these　tins；　whether　we　make　them　into　flowerpots　with　a　coat　of　enamel；　or　convert　them　into　ornaments；　or　cut　them　up　for　toys　or　some　other　purpose。　　My　officers　have　been　instructed　to　make　an　exhaustive　report　on　the　way　the　refuse　collectors　of　Paris　deal　with　the　sardine　tins。　　The　industry　of　making　tin　toys　will　be　one　which　can　be　practised　better　in　the　Farm　Colony　than　in　the　City。　If　necessary；　we　shall　bring　an　accomplished　workman　from　France；　who　will　teach　our　people　the　way　of　dealing　with　the　tin。

In　connection　with　all　this　it　is　obvious　there　would　be　a　constant　demand　for　packing　cases；　for　twine；　rope；　and　for　boxes　of　all　kinds；　for　carts　and　cars；　and；　in　short；　we　should　before　long　have　a　complete　community　practising　almost　all　the　trades　that　are　to　be　found　in　London；　except　the　keeping　of　grog　shops；　the　whole　being　worked　upon　co…operative　principles；　but　co…operation　not　for　the　benefit　of　the　individual　co…operator；　but　for　the　benefit　of　the　sunken　mass　that　lies　behind　it。

RULES　AND　REGULATIONS　FOR　THE　GOVERNMENT　OF　COLONISTS。

A　document　containing　the　Orders　and　Regulations　for　the　Government　of　the　Colony　must　be　approved　and　signed　by　every　Colonist　before　admission。　　Amongst　other　things　there　will　be　the　following：　

1。　　All　Officers　must　be　treated　respectfully　and　implicitly　obeyed。

2。　　The　use　of　intoxicants　strictly　prohibited；　none　being　allowed　　　　　within　its　borders。　　Any　Colonist　guilty　of　violating　this　Order　to　　　　　be　expelled；　and　that　on　the　first　offence。

3。　　Expulsion　for　drunkenness；　dishonesty；　or　falsehood　will　follow　the　　　　　third　offence。

4。　　Profane　language　strictly　forbidden。

5。　　No　cruelty　to　be　practised　on　man；　woman；　child；　or　animal。

6。　　Serious　offenders　against　the　virtue　of　women；　or　of　children　of　　　　　either　sex；　to　incur　immediate　expulsion。

7。　　After　a　certain　period　of　probation；　and　a　considerable　amount　of　　　　　patience；　all　who　will　not　work　to　be　expelled。

8。　　The　decision　of　the　Governor　of　the　Colony；　whether　in　the　City；　　　　　or　the　Farm；　or　Over　the　Sea；　to　be　binding　in　all　cases。

9。　　With　respect　to　penalties；　the　following　rules　will　be　acted　upon。　　　　　The　chief　reliance　for　the　maintenance　of　order；　as　has　been　　　　　observed　before；　will　be　placed　upon　the　spirit　of　love　which　will　　　　　prevail　throughout　the　community。　　But　as　it　cannot　be　expected　to　　　　　be　universally　successful