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弌傍 in darkest england and the way out 忖方 耽匈4000忖

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I am labouring under no delusions as to the possibility of inaugurating the Millennium by any social specific。  In the struggle of life the weakest will go to the wall察and there are so many weak。  The fittest察in tooth and claw察will survive。  All that we can do is to soften the lot of the unfit and make their suffering less horrible than it is at present。  No amount of assistance will give a jellyfish a backbone。 No outside propping will make some men stand erect。  All material help from without is useful only in so far as it develops moral strength within。  And some men seem to have lost even the very faculty of self´help。  There is an immense lack of common sense and of vital energy on the part of multitudes。

It is against Stupidity in every shape and form that we have to wage our eternal battle。  But how can we wonder at the want of sense on the part of those who have had no advantages察when we see such plentiful absence of that commodity on the part of those who have had all the advantages

How can we marvel if察after leaving generation after generation to grow up uneducated and underfed察there should be developed a heredity of incapacity察and that thousands of dull´witted people should be born into the world察disinherited before their birth of their share in the average intelligence of mankind

Besides those who are thus hereditarily wanting in the qualities necessary to enable them to hold their own察there are the weak察the disabled察the aged察and the unskilled察worse than all察there is the want of character。  Those who have the best of reputation察if they lose their foothold on the ladder察find it difficult enough to regain their place。  What察then察can men and women who have no character do拭 When a master has the choice of a hundred honest men察is it reasonable to expect that he will select a poor fellow with  tarnished reputation拭All this is true察and it is one of the things that makes the problem almost insoluble。  And insoluble it is察I am absolutely convinced unless it is possible to bring new moral life into the soul of these people。  This should be the first object of every social reformer察whose work will only last if it is built on the solid foundation of a new birth察to cry ;You must be born again。;

To get a man soundly saved it is not enough to put on him a pair of new breeches察to give him regular work察or even to give him a University education。  These things are all outside a man察and if the inside remains unchanged you have wasted your labour。  You must in some way or other graft upon the man's nature a new nature察which has in it the element of the Divine。  All that I propose in this book is governed by that principle。

The difference between the method which seeks to regenerate the man by ameliorating his circumstances and that which ameliorates his circumstances in order to get at the regeneration of his heart察is the difference between the method of the gardener who grafts a Ribstone Pippin on a crab´apple tree and one who merely ties apples with string upon the branches of the crab。  To change the nature of the individual察to get at the heart察to save his soul is the only real察lasting method of doing him any good。  In many modern schemes of social regeneration it is forgotten that ;it takes a soul to move a body察e'en to a cleaner sty察─and at the risk of being misunderstood and misrepresented察I must assert in the most unqualified way that it is primarily and mainly for the sake of saving the soul that I seek the salvation of the body。

But what is the use of preaching the Gospel to men whose whole attention is concentrated upon a mad察desperate struggle to keep themselves alive拭 You might as well give a tract to a shipwrecked sailor who is battling with the surf which has drowned his comrades and threatens to drown him。  He will not listen to you。  Nay察he cannot hear you any more than a man whose head is underwater can listen to a sermon。  The first thing to do is to get him at least a footing on firm ground察and to give him room to live。  Then you may have a chance。 At present you have none。  And you will have all the better opportunity to find a way to his heart察if he comes to know that it was you who pulled him out of the horrible pit and the miry clay in which he was sinking to perdition。


CHAPTER 6。  THE VICIOUS。

There are many vices and seven deadly sins。  But of late years many of the seven have contrived to pass themselves off as virtues。  Avarice察for instance察and Pride察when re´baptised thrift and self´respect察have become the guardian angels of Christian civilisation察and as for Envy察it is the corner´stone upon which much of our competitive system is founded。  There are still two vices which are fortunate察or unfortunate察enough to remain undisguised察not even concealing from themselves the fact that they are vices and not virtues。  One is drunkenness察the other fornication。  The viciousness of these vices is so little disguised察even from those who habitually practise them察that there will be a protest against merely describing one of them by the right Biblical name。  Why not say prostitution拭 For this reason此prostitution is a word applied to only one half of the vice察and that the most pitiable。  Fornication hits both sinners alike。  Prostitution applies only to the woman。

When察however察we cease to regard this vice from the point of view of morality and religion察and look at it solely as a factor in the social problem察the word prostitution is less objectionable。  For the social burden of this vice is borne almost entirely by women。  The male sinner does not察by the mere fact of his sin察find himself in a worse position in obtaining employment察in finding a home察or even in securing a wife。 His wrong´doing only hits him in his purse察or察perhaps察in his health。 His incontinence察excepting so far as it relates to the woman whose degradation it necessitates察does not add to the number of those for whom society has to provide。  It is an immense addition to the infamy of this vice in man that its consequences have to be borne almost exclusively by woman。  The difficulty of dealing with drunkards and harlots is almost insurmountable。  Were it not that I utterly repudiate as a fundamental denial of the essential principle of the Christian religion the popular pseudo´scientific doctrine that any man or woman is past saving by the grace of God and the power of the Holy Spirit察I would sometimes be disposed to despair when contemplating these victims of the Devil。  The doctrine of Heredity and the suggestion of Irresponsibility come perilously near re´establishing察on scientific bases察the awful dogma of Reprobation which has cast so terrible a shadow over the Christian Church。  For thousands upon thousands of these poor wretches are察as Bishop South truly said察 not so much born into this world as damned into it。;  The bastard of a harlot察born in a brothel察suckled on gin察and familiar from earliest infancy with all the bestialities of debauch察violated before she is twelve察and driven out into the streets by her mother a year or two later察what chance is there for such a girl in this worldI say nothing about the next拭Yet such a case is not exceptional。  There are many such differing in detail察but in essentials the same。  And with boys it is almost as bad。 There are thousands who were begotten when both parents were besotted with drink察whose mothers saturated themselves with alcohol every day of their pregnancy察who may be said to have sucked in a taste for strong drink with their mothers' milk察and who were surrounded from childhood with opportunities and incitements to drink。  How can we marvel that the constitution thus disposed to intemperance finds the stimulus of drink indispensable拭 Even if they make a stand against it察the increasing pressure of exhaustion and of scanty food drives them back to the cup。  Of these poor wretches察born slaves of the bottle察predestined to drunkenness from their mother's womb察there arewho can say how many拭 Yet they are all men察all with what the Russian peasants call ;a spark of God; in them察which can never be wholly obscured and destroyed while life exists察and if any social scheme is to be comprehensive and practical it must deal with these men。  It must provide for the drunkard and the harlot as it provides for the improvident and the out´of´work。  But who is sufficient for these things

I will take the question of the drunkard察for the drink difficulty lies at the root of everything。  Nine´tenths of our poverty察squalor察vice察and crime spring from this poisonous tap´root。  Many of our social evils察which overshadow the land like so many upas trees察would dwindle away and die if they were not constantly watered with strong drink。 There is universal agreement on that point察in fact察the agreement as to the evils of intemperance is almost as universal as the conviction that politicians will do nothing practical to interfere with them。 In Ireland察Mr。 Justice Fitzgerald says that intemperance leads to nineteen´twentieths of the crime in that country察but no one proposes a Coercion Act to deal with that evil。  In England察the judges all say the same thing。  Of course it is a mistake to assume that a murder察for insta

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