travels with a donkey in the cevennes-µÚ20½Ú
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
authority£»¡¡or¡¡proclaim¡¡a¡¡new¡¡religion¡¡with¡¡the¡¡sound¡¡of¡¡trumpets£»¡¡
if¡¡you¡¡will£»¡¡but¡¡here¡¡is¡¡a¡¡man¡¡who¡¡has¡¡his¡¡own¡¡thoughts£»¡¡and¡¡will¡¡
stubbornly¡¡adhere¡¡to¡¡them¡¡in¡¡good¡¡and¡¡evil¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡is¡¡a¡¡Catholic£»¡¡a¡¡
Protestant£»¡¡or¡¡a¡¡Plymouth¡¡Brother£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡indefeasible¡¡sense¡¡
that¡¡a¡¡man¡¡is¡¡not¡¡a¡¡woman£»¡¡or¡¡a¡¡woman¡¡not¡¡a¡¡man¡£¡¡¡¡For¡¡he¡¡could¡¡not¡¡
vary¡¡from¡¡his¡¡faith£»¡¡unless¡¡he¡¡could¡¡eradicate¡¡all¡¡memory¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
past£»¡¡and£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡strict¡¡and¡¡not¡¡a¡¡conventional¡¡meaning£»¡¡change¡¡his¡¡
mind¡£
THE¡¡HEART¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡COUNTRY
I¡¡WAS¡¡now¡¡drawing¡¡near¡¡to¡¡Cassagnas£»¡¡a¡¡cluster¡¡of¡¡black¡¡roofs¡¡upon¡¡
the¡¡hillside£»¡¡in¡¡this¡¡wild¡¡valley£»¡¡among¡¡chestnut¡¡gardens£»¡¡and¡¡
looked¡¡upon¡¡in¡¡the¡¡clear¡¡air¡¡by¡¡many¡¡rocky¡¡peaks¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡road¡¡along¡¡
the¡¡Mimente¡¡is¡¡yet¡¡new£»¡¡nor¡¡have¡¡the¡¡mountaineers¡¡recovered¡¡their¡¡
surprise¡¡when¡¡the¡¡first¡¡cart¡¡arrived¡¡at¡¡Cassagnas¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡although¡¡it¡¡
lay¡¡thus¡¡apart¡¡from¡¡the¡¡current¡¡of¡¡men's¡¡business£»¡¡this¡¡hamlet¡¡had¡¡
already¡¡made¡¡a¡¡figure¡¡in¡¡the¡¡history¡¡of¡¡France¡£¡¡¡¡Hard¡¡by£»¡¡in¡¡
caverns¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mountain£»¡¡was¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡five¡¡arsenals¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
Camisards£»¡¡where¡¡they¡¡laid¡¡up¡¡clothes¡¡and¡¡corn¡¡and¡¡arms¡¡against¡¡
necessity£»¡¡forged¡¡bayonets¡¡and¡¡sabres£»¡¡and¡¡made¡¡themselves¡¡
gunpowder¡¡with¡¡willow¡¡charcoal¡¡and¡¡saltpetre¡¡boiled¡¡in¡¡kettles¡£¡¡¡¡To¡¡
the¡¡same¡¡caves£»¡¡amid¡¡this¡¡multifarious¡¡industry£»¡¡the¡¡sick¡¡and¡¡
wounded¡¡were¡¡brought¡¡up¡¡to¡¡heal£»¡¡and¡¡there¡¡they¡¡were¡¡visited¡¡by¡¡the¡¡
two¡¡surgeons£»¡¡Chabrier¡¡and¡¡Tavan£»¡¡and¡¡secretly¡¡nursed¡¡by¡¡women¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡neighbourhood¡£
Of¡¡the¡¡five¡¡legions¡¡into¡¡which¡¡the¡¡Camisards¡¡were¡¡divided£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡
the¡¡oldest¡¡and¡¡the¡¡most¡¡obscure¡¡that¡¡had¡¡its¡¡magazines¡¡by¡¡
Cassagnas¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡was¡¡the¡¡band¡¡of¡¡Spirit¡¡Seguier£»¡¡men¡¡who¡¡had¡¡joined¡¡
their¡¡voices¡¡with¡¡his¡¡in¡¡the¡¡68th¡¡Psalm¡¡as¡¡they¡¡marched¡¡down¡¡by¡¡
night¡¡on¡¡the¡¡archpriest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Cevennes¡£¡¡¡¡Seguier£»¡¡promoted¡¡to¡¡
heaven£»¡¡was¡¡succeeded¡¡by¡¡Salomon¡¡Couderc£»¡¡whom¡¡Cavalier¡¡treats¡¡in¡¡
his¡¡memoirs¡¡as¡¡chaplain¡general¡¡to¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡army¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Camisards¡£¡¡¡¡
He¡¡was¡¡a¡¡prophet£»¡¡a¡¡great¡¡reader¡¡of¡¡the¡¡heart£»¡¡who¡¡admitted¡¡people¡¡
to¡¡the¡¡sacrament¡¡or¡¡refused¡¡them£»¡¡by¡¡'intensively¡¡viewing¡¡every¡¡
man'¡¡between¡¡the¡¡eyes£»¡¡and¡¡had¡¡the¡¡most¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Scriptures¡¡off¡¡by¡¡
rote¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡this¡¡was¡¡surely¡¡happy£»¡¡since¡¡in¡¡a¡¡surprise¡¡in¡¡August¡¡
1703£»¡¡he¡¡lost¡¡his¡¡mule£»¡¡his¡¡portfolios£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡Bible¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡only¡¡
strange¡¡that¡¡they¡¡were¡¡not¡¡surprised¡¡more¡¡often¡¡and¡¡more¡¡
effectually£»¡¡for¡¡this¡¡legion¡¡of¡¡Cassagnas¡¡was¡¡truly¡¡patriarchal¡¡in¡¡
its¡¡theory¡¡of¡¡war£»¡¡and¡¡camped¡¡without¡¡sentries£»¡¡leaving¡¡that¡¡duty¡¡
to¡¡the¡¡angels¡¡of¡¡the¡¡God¡¡for¡¡whom¡¡they¡¡fought¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡a¡¡token£»¡¡
not¡¡only¡¡of¡¡their¡¡faith£»¡¡but¡¡of¡¡the¡¡trackless¡¡country¡¡where¡¡they¡¡
harboured¡£¡¡¡¡M¡£¡¡de¡¡Caladon£»¡¡taking¡¡a¡¡stroll¡¡one¡¡fine¡¡day£»¡¡walked¡¡
without¡¡warning¡¡into¡¡their¡¡midst£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡might¡¡have¡¡walked¡¡into¡¡'a¡¡
flock¡¡of¡¡sheep¡¡in¡¡a¡¡plain£»'¡¡and¡¡found¡¡some¡¡asleep¡¡and¡¡some¡¡awake¡¡
and¡¡psalm¡singing¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡traitor¡¡had¡¡need¡¡of¡¡no¡¡recommendation¡¡to¡¡
insinuate¡¡himself¡¡among¡¡their¡¡ranks£»¡¡beyond¡¡'his¡¡faculty¡¡of¡¡singing¡¡
psalms'£»¡¡and¡¡even¡¡the¡¡prophet¡¡Salomon¡¡'took¡¡him¡¡into¡¡a¡¡particular¡¡
friendship¡£'¡¡¡¡Thus£»¡¡among¡¡their¡¡intricate¡¡hills£»¡¡the¡¡rustic¡¡troop¡¡
subsisted£»¡¡and¡¡history¡¡can¡¡attribute¡¡few¡¡exploits¡¡to¡¡them¡¡but¡¡
sacraments¡¡and¡¡ecstasies¡£
People¡¡of¡¡this¡¡tough¡¡and¡¡simple¡¡stock¡¡will¡¡not£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡have¡¡just¡¡been¡¡
saying£»¡¡prove¡¡variable¡¡in¡¡religion£»¡¡nor¡¡will¡¡they¡¡get¡¡nearer¡¡to¡¡
apostasy¡¡than¡¡a¡¡mere¡¡external¡¡conformity¡¡like¡¡that¡¡of¡¡Naaman¡¡in¡¡the¡¡
house¡¡of¡¡Rimmon¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡Louis¡¡XVI¡££»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡words¡¡of¡¡the¡¡edict£»¡¡
'convinced¡¡by¡¡the¡¡uselessness¡¡of¡¡a¡¡century¡¡of¡¡persecutions£»¡¡and¡¡
rather¡¡from¡¡necessity¡¡than¡¡sympathy£»'¡¡granted¡¡at¡¡last¡¡a¡¡royal¡¡grace¡¡
of¡¡toleration£»¡¡Cassagnas¡¡was¡¡still¡¡Protestant£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡a¡¡man£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡
so¡¡to¡¡this¡¡day¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡is£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡one¡¡family¡¡that¡¡is¡¡not¡¡
Protestant£»¡¡but¡¡neither¡¡is¡¡it¡¡Catholic¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡that¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Catholic¡¡
CURE¡¡in¡¡revolt£»¡¡who¡¡has¡¡taken¡¡to¡¡his¡¡bosom¡¡a¡¡schoolmistress¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡
his¡¡conduct£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡worth¡¡noting£»¡¡is¡¡disapproved¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Protestant¡¡
villagers¡£
'It¡¡is¡¡a¡¡bad¡¡idea¡¡for¡¡a¡¡man£»'¡¡said¡¡one£»¡¡'to¡¡go¡¡back¡¡from¡¡his¡¡
engagements¡£'
The¡¡villagers¡¡whom¡¡I¡¡saw¡¡seemed¡¡intelligent¡¡after¡¡a¡¡countrified¡¡
fashion£»¡¡and¡¡were¡¡all¡¡plain¡¡and¡¡dignified¡¡in¡¡manner¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡a¡¡
Protestant¡¡myself£»¡¡I¡¡was¡¡well¡¡looked¡¡upon£»¡¡and¡¡my¡¡acquaintance¡¡with¡¡
history¡¡gained¡¡me¡¡further¡¡respect¡£¡¡¡¡For¡¡we¡¡had¡¡something¡¡not¡¡unlike¡¡
a¡¡religious¡¡controversy¡¡at¡¡table£»¡¡a¡¡gendarme¡¡and¡¡a¡¡merchant¡¡with¡¡
whom¡¡I¡¡dined¡¡being¡¡both¡¡strangers¡¡to¡¡the¡¡place£»¡¡and¡¡Catholics¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡
young¡¡men¡¡of¡¡the¡¡house¡¡stood¡¡round¡¡and¡¡supported¡¡me£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡
discussion¡¡was¡¡tolerantly¡¡conducted£»¡¡and¡¡surprised¡¡a¡¡man¡¡brought¡¡up¡¡
among¡¡the¡¡infinitesimal¡¡and¡¡contentious¡¡differences¡¡of¡¡Scotland¡£¡¡¡¡
The¡¡merchant£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡grew¡¡a¡¡little¡¡warm£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡far¡¡less¡¡pleased¡¡
than¡¡some¡¡others¡¡with¡¡my¡¡historical¡¡acquirements¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡gendarme¡¡
was¡¡mighty¡¡easy¡¡over¡¡it¡¡all¡£
'It's¡¡a¡¡bad¡¡idea¡¡for¡¡a¡¡man¡¡to¡¡change£»'¡¡said¡¡he£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡remark¡¡was¡¡
generally¡¡applauded¡£
That¡¡was¡¡not¡¡the¡¡opinion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡priest¡¡and¡¡soldier¡¡at¡¡Our¡¡Lady¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡Snows¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡this¡¡is¡¡a¡¡different¡¡race£»¡¡and¡¡perhaps¡¡the¡¡same¡¡
great¡heartedness¡¡that¡¡upheld¡¡them¡¡to¡¡resist£»¡¡now¡¡enables¡¡them¡¡to¡¡
differ¡¡in¡¡a¡¡kind¡¡spirit¡£¡¡¡¡For¡¡courage¡¡respects¡¡courage£»¡¡but¡¡where¡¡a¡¡
faith¡¡has¡¡been¡¡trodden¡¡out£»¡¡we¡¡may¡¡look¡¡for¡¡a¡¡mean¡¡and¡¡narrow¡¡
population¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡true¡¡work¡¡of¡¡Bruce¡¡and¡¡Wallace¡¡was¡¡the¡¡union¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡nations£»¡¡not¡¡that¡¡they¡¡should¡¡stand¡¡apart¡¡a¡¡while¡¡longer£»¡¡
skirmishing¡¡upon¡¡their¡¡borders£»¡¡but¡¡that£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡time¡¡came£»¡¡they¡¡
might¡¡unite¡¡with¡¡self¡respect¡£
The¡¡merchant¡¡was¡¡much¡¡interested¡¡in¡¡my¡¡journey£»¡¡and¡¡thought¡¡it¡¡
dangerous¡¡to¡¡sleep¡¡afield¡£
'There¡¡are¡¡the¡¡wolves£»'¡¡said¡¡he£»¡¡'and¡¡then¡¡it¡¡is¡¡known¡¡you¡¡are¡¡an¡¡
Englishman¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡English¡¡have¡¡always¡¡long¡¡purses£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡might¡¡very¡¡
well¡¡enter¡¡into¡¡some¡¡one's¡¡head¡¡to¡¡deal¡¡you¡¡an¡¡ill¡¡blow¡¡some¡¡
night¡£'
I¡¡told¡¡him¡¡I¡¡was¡¡not¡¡much¡¡afraid¡¡of¡¡such¡¡accidents£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡any¡¡rate¡¡
judged¡¡it¡¡unwise¡¡to¡¡dwell¡¡upon¡¡alarms¡¡or¡¡consider¡¡small¡¡perils¡¡in¡¡
the¡¡arrangement¡¡of¡¡life¡£¡¡¡¡Life¡¡itself£»¡¡I¡¡submitted£»¡¡was¡¡a¡¡far¡¡too¡¡
risky¡¡business¡¡as¡¡a¡¡whole¡¡to¡¡make¡¡each¡¡additional¡¡particular¡¡of¡¡
danger¡¡worth¡¡regard¡£¡¡¡¡'Something£»'¡¡said¡¡I£»¡¡'might¡¡burst¡¡in¡¡your¡¡
inside¡¡any¡¡day¡¡of¡¡the¡¡week£»¡¡and¡¡there¡¡would¡¡be¡¡an¡¡end¡¡of¡¡you£»¡¡if¡¡
you¡¡were¡¡locked¡¡into¡¡your¡¡room¡¡with¡¡three¡¡turns¡¡of¡¡the¡¡key¡£'
'CEPENDANT£»'¡¡said¡¡he£»¡¡'COUCHER¡¡DEHORS£¡'
'God£»'¡¡said¡¡I£»¡¡'is¡¡everywhere¡£'
'CEPENDANT£»¡¡COUCHER¡¡DEHORS£¡'¡¡he¡¡repeated£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡voice¡¡was¡¡
eloquent¡¡of¡¡terror¡£
He¡¡was¡¡the¡¡only¡¡person£»¡¡in¡¡all¡¡my¡¡voyage£»¡¡who¡¡saw¡¡anything¡¡hardy¡¡in¡¡
so¡¡simple¡¡a¡¡proceeding£»¡¡although¡¡many¡¡considered¡¡it¡¡superfluous¡£¡¡¡¡
Only¡¡one£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡professed¡¡much¡¡delight¡¡in¡¡the¡¡idea£»¡¡
and¡¡that¡¡was¡¡my¡¡Plymouth¡¡Brother£»¡¡who¡¡cried¡¡out£»¡¡when¡¡I¡¡told¡¡him¡¡I¡¡
sometimes¡¡preferred¡¡sleeping¡¡under¡¡the¡¡stars¡¡to¡¡a¡¡close¡¡and¡¡noisy¡¡
ale¡house£»¡¡'Now¡¡I¡¡see¡¡that¡¡you¡¡know¡¡the¡¡Lord£¡'
The¡¡merchant¡¡asked¡¡me¡¡for¡¡one¡¡of¡¡my¡¡cards¡¡as¡¡I¡¡was¡¡leaving£»¡¡for¡¡he¡¡
said¡¡I¡¡should¡¡be¡¡something¡¡to¡¡talk¡¡of¡¡in¡¡the¡¡future£»¡¡and¡¡desired¡¡me¡¡
to¡¡make¡¡a¡¡note¡¡of¡¡his¡¡request¡¡and¡¡reason£»¡¡a¡¡desire¡¡with¡¡which¡¡I¡¡
have¡¡thus¡¡complied¡£
A¡¡little¡¡after¡¡two¡¡I¡¡struck¡¡across¡¡the¡¡Mimente£»¡¡and¡¡took¡¡a¡¡rugged¡¡
path¡¡southward¡¡up¡¡a¡¡hillside¡¡covered¡¡with¡¡loose¡¡stones¡¡and¡¡tufts¡¡of¡¡
heather¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡the¡¡top£»¡¡as¡¡is¡¡the¡¡habit¡¡of¡¡the¡¡country£»¡¡the¡¡path¡¡
disappeared£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡left¡¡my¡¡she¡ass¡¡munching¡¡heather£»¡¡and¡¡went¡¡
forward¡¡alone¡¡to¡¡seek¡¡a¡¡road¡£
I¡¡was¡¡now¡¡on¡¡the¡¡separation¡¡of¡¡two¡¡vast¡¡water¡sheds£»¡¡behind¡¡me¡¡all¡¡
the¡¡streams¡¡were¡¡bound¡¡for¡¡the¡¡Garonne¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Western¡¡Ocean£»¡¡
before¡¡me¡¡was¡¡the¡¡basin¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Rhone¡£¡¡¡¡Hence£»¡¡as¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Lozere£»¡¡
you¡¡can¡¡see¡¡in¡¡clear¡¡weather¡¡the¡¡shining¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Gulf¡¡of¡¡Lyons£»¡¡and¡¡
perhaps¡¡from¡¡here¡¡the¡¡soldiers¡¡of¡¡Salomon¡¡may¡¡have¡¡watched¡¡for¡¡the¡¡
topsails¡¡of¡¡Sir¡¡Cloudesley¡¡Shovel£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡long¡promised¡¡aid¡¡from¡¡
England¡£¡¡¡¡You¡¡may¡¡take¡¡this¡¡ridge¡¡as¡¡lying¡¡in¡¡the¡¡heart¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
country¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Camisards£»¡¡four¡¡of¡¡the¡¡five¡¡legions¡¡camped¡¡all¡¡round¡¡
it¡¡and¡¡almost¡¡within¡¡view¡¡¡¡¡Salomon¡¡and¡¡Joani¡¡to¡¡the¡¡north£»¡¡
Castanet¡¡and¡¡Roland¡¡to¡¡the¡¡south£»¡¡and¡¡when¡¡Julien¡¡had¡¡finished¡¡his¡¡
famous¡¡work£»¡¡the¡¡devastation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡High¡¡Cevennes£»¡¡which¡¡lasted¡¡all¡¡
through¡¡October¡¡and¡¡November¡¡1703£»¡¡and¡¡during¡¡which¡¡four¡¡hundred¡¡
and¡¡sixty¡¡villages¡¡and¡¡hamlets¡¡were£»¡¡with¡¡fire¡¡and¡¡pickaxe£»¡¡utterly¡¡
subverted£»¡¡a¡¡man¡¡standing¡¡on¡¡this¡¡eminence¡¡would¡¡have¡¡looked¡¡forth¡¡
upon¡¡a¡¡silent£»¡¡smokeless£»¡¡and¡¡dispeopled¡¡land¡£¡¡¡¡Time¡¡and¡¡man's¡¡
activity¡¡have¡¡now¡¡repaired¡¡these¡¡ruins£»¡¡Cassagnas¡¡is¡¡once¡¡more¡¡
roofed¡¡and¡¡sending¡¡up¡¡domestic¡¡smoke£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡chestnut¡¡gardens£»¡¡
in¡¡low¡¡and¡¡leafy¡¡corners£»¡¡many¡¡a¡¡prosperous¡¡farmer¡¡returns£»¡¡when¡¡
the¡¡day's¡¡work¡¡is¡¡done£»¡¡to¡¡his¡¡children¡¡and¡¡bright¡¡hearth¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡
still¡¡it¡¡was¡¡perhaps¡¡the¡¡wildest¡¡view¡¡of¡¡all¡¡my¡¡journey¡£¡¡¡¡Peak¡¡upon¡¡
peak£»¡¡chain¡¡upon¡¡chain¡¡of¡¡hills¡¡ran¡¡surging¡¡southward£»¡¡channelled¡¡
and¡¡sculptured¡¡by¡¡the¡¡winter¡¡streams£»¡¡feathered¡¡from¡¡head¡¡to¡¡foot¡¡
with¡¡chestnuts£»¡¡and¡¡here¡¡and¡¡there¡¡breaking¡¡out¡¡into¡¡a¡¡coronal¡¡of¡¡
cliffs¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡sun£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡still¡¡far¡¡from¡¡setting£»¡¡sent¡¡a¡¡drift¡¡of¡¡
misty¡¡gold¡¡across¡¡the¡¡hill¡tops£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡valley