hero tales from american history-第28节
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； and； as the news spread the retreating men in every direction rallied； and turned their faces toward the battle…field they had left。
In his memoirs； Sheridan says； in speaking of his ride through the retreating troops： 〃I said nothing； except to remark； as I rode among them 'If I had been with you this morning； this disaster would not have happened。 We must face the other way。 We will go back and recover our camp。'〃 Thus he galloped on over the twenty miles； with the men rallying behind him； and following him in ever increasing numbers。 As he went by； the panic of retreat was replaced by the ardor of battle。 Sheridan had not overestimate the power of enthusiasm or his own ability to rouse it to fighting pitch。 He pressed steadily on to the front； until at last he came up to Getty's division of the 6th Corps； which； with the cavalry； were the only troops who held their line and were resisting the enemy。 Getty's division was about a mile north of Middletown on some slightly rising ground； and were skirmishing with the enemy's pickets。 Jumping a rail fence； Sheridan rode to the crest of the hill； and； as he took off his hat； the men rose up from behind the barricades with cheers of recognition。
It is impossible to follow in detail Sheridan's actions from that moment； but he first brought up the 19th Corps and the two divisions of Wright to the front。 He then communicated with Colonel Lowell； who was fighting near Middletown with his men dismounted； and asked him if he could hold on where he was； to which Lowell replied in the affirmative。 All this and many similar quickly…given orders consumed a great deal of time； but still the men were getting into line； and at last； seeing that the enemy were about to renew the attack； Sheridan rode along the line so that the men could all see him。 He was received with the wildest enthusiasm as he rode by； and the spirit of the army was restored。 The rebel attack was made shortly after noon； and was repulsed by General Emory。
This done； Sheridan again set to work to getting his line completely restored； while General Merritt charged and drove off an exposed battery of the Confederates。 By halfpast three Sheridan was ready to attack。 The fugitives of the morning； whom he had rallied as he rode from Winchester； were again in their places； and the different divisions were all disposed in their proper positions。 With the order to advance； the whole line pressed forward。 The Confederates at first resisted stubbornly； and then began to retreat。 On they went past Cedar Creek； and there； where the pike made a sharp turn to the west toward Fisher's Hill； Merritt and Custer fell on the flank of the retreating columns； and the rebel army fell back； routed and broken； up the Valley。 The day had begun in route and defeat； it ended in a great victory for the Union army。
How near we had been to a terrible disaster can be realized by recalling what had happened before the general galloped down from Winchester。
In Sheridan's absence； Early； soon after dawn； had made an unexpected attack on our army at Cedar Creek。 Surprised by the assault； the national troops had given way in all directions； and a panic had set in。 Getty's division with Lowell's cavalry held on at Middletown； but； with this exception； the rout was complete。 When Sheridan rode out of Winchester； he met an already beaten army。 His first thought was the natural one to make a stand at Winchester and rally his troops about him there。 His second thought was the inspiration of the great commander。 He believed his men would rally as soon as they saw him。 He believed that enthusiasm was one of the great weapons of war； and that this was the moment of all others when it might be used with decisive advantage。 With this thought in his mind he abandoned the idea of forming his men at Winchester； and rode bareheaded through the fugitives； swinging his hat； straight for the front； and calling on his men as he passed to follow him。 As the soldiers saw him； they turned and rushed after him。 He had not calculated in vain upon the power of personal enthusiasm； but； at the same time； he did not rely upon any wild rush to save the day。 The moment he reached the field of battle； he set to work with the coolness of a great soldier to make all the dispositions； first； to repel the enemy； and then to deliver an attack which could not be resisted。 One division after another was rapidly brought into line and placed in position； the thin ranks filling fast with the soldiers who had recovered from their panic； and followed Sheridan and the black horse all the way down from Winchester。 He had been already two hours on the field when； at noon； he rode along the line； again formed for battle。 Most of the officers and men then thought he had just come； while in reality it was his own rapid work which had put them in the line along which he was riding。
Once on the field of battle； the rush and hurry of the desperate ride from Winchester came to an end。 First the line was reformed； then the enemy's assault was repulsed； and it was made impossible for them to again take the offensive。 But Sheridan； undazzled by his brilliant success up to this point； did not mar his work by overhaste。 Two hours more passed before he was ready； and then； when all was prepared； with his ranks established and his army ranged in position； he moved his whole line forward； and won one of the most brilliant battles of the war； having； by his personal power over his troops； and his genius in action； snatched a victory from a day which began in surprise； disaster； and defeat。
LIEUTENANT CUSHING AND THE RAM 〃ALBEMARLE〃
God give us peace！ Not such as lulls to sleep； But sword on thigh； and brow with purpose knit！ And let our Ship of State to harbor sweep； Her ports all up； her battle…lanterns lit； And her leashed thunders gathering for their leap！ Lowell。
LIEUTENANT CUSHING AND THE RAM 〃ALBEMARLE〃
The great Civil War was remarkable in many ways； but in no way more remarkable than for the extraordinary mixture of inventive mechanical genius and of resolute daring shown by the combatants。 After the first year； when the contestants had settled down to real fighting； and the preliminary mob work was over； the battles were marked by their extraordinary obstinacy and heavy loss。 In no European conflict since the close of the Napoleonic wars has the fighting been anything like as obstinate and as bloody as was the fighting in our own Civil War。 In addition to this fierce and dogged courage； this splendid fighting capacity； the contest also brought out the skilled inventive power of engineer and mechanician in a way that few other contests have ever done。
This was especially true of the navy。 The fighting under and against Farragut and his fellow…admirals revolutionized naval warfare。 The Civil War marks the break between the old style and the new。 Terrible encounters took place when the terrible new engines of war were brought into action for the first time； and one of these encounters has given an example which； for heroic daring combined with cool intelligence； is unsurpassed in all time。
The Confederates showed the same skill and energy in building their great ironclad rams as the men of the Union did in building the monitors which were so often pitted against them。 Both sides； but especially the Confederates； also used stationary torpedoes； and； on a number of occasions； torpedo…boats likewise。 These torpedoboats were sometimes built to go under the water。 One such； after repeated failures； was employed by the Confederates； with equal gallantry and success； in sinking a Union sloop of war off Charleston harbor； the torpedoboat itself going down to the bottom with its victim； all on board being drowned。 The other type of torpedo…boat was simply a swift； ordinary steam…launch； operated above water。
It was this last type of boat which Lieutenant W。 B。 Cushing brought down to Albemarle Sound to use against the great Confederate ram Albemarle。 The ram had been built for the purpose of destroying the Union blockading forces。 Steaming down river； she had twice attacked the Federal gunboats； and in each case had sunk or disabled one or more of them； with little injury to herself。 She had retired up the river again to lie at her wharf and refit。 The gunboats had suffered so severely as to make it a certainty that when she came out again； thoroughly fitted to renew the attack； the wooden vessels would be destroyed； and while she was in existence； the Union vessels could not reduce the forts and coast towns。 Just at this time Cushing came down from the North with his swift little torpedo…boat； an open launch； with a spar…rigged out in front； the torpedo being placed at the end。 The crew of the launch consisted of fifteen men； Cushing being in command。 He not only guided his craft； but himself handled the torpedo by means of two small ropes； one of which put it in place； while the other exploded it。 The action of the torpedo was complicated； and it could not have been operated in a time of tremendous excitement save by a man of the utmost nerve and self…command； but Cushing had both。 He possessed precisely that combination of reckless courage； prese
