cyropaedia-第19节

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！



＇*　〃T。　E。　B。〃　=　T。　E。　Brown；　the　Manx　poet；　at　that　time　a　colleague
of　Mr。　Dakyns　at　Clifton。F。M。S。＇

C2。19。　Cyrus　recognises　the　ideal　principle　of　co…operation　and
collective　ownership。　Xenophon；　Economist；　ahead　of　the　moderns。

C2。26。　Xenophon's　breadth　of　view：　virtue　is　not　confined　to　citizens；
but　we　have　the　pick　of　the　whole　world。　Cosmopolitan　Hellenism。

C3。4。　Xenophon's　theory　of　rule　（cf。　Ruskin）：　a　right；　inalienable；
God…bestowed；　of　the　virtuous；　subjection　an　inevitable　consequence　on
lack　of　self…discipline。

C3。5；　init。　Is　this　a　carelessness；　or　what？　Chrysantas　has　been
introduced　before；　but　here　he　is　described　as　if　stepping　on　the
stage　for　the　first　time。　The　sentence　itself　suggests　the　mould　for
the　New　Testament　narrative。

C3。7。　Pheraulas；　and　of　him　we　shall　hear　much。　A　sharp　contrast　to
Chrysantas；　the　Peer；　with　his　pointed　plebeian　similes。　His　speech
important　again　for　Xenophon's　sympathetic　knowledge　of　children　and
also　of　the　hard…working　poor。

C3。10。　How　true　to　nature　this。　Cannot　one　see　the　little　boy　doubling
his　little　fists；　a　knife　in　his　pocket；　possibly　a　ball　of　string？

C3。11。　Is　there　a　touch　of　flunkeyism　in　this？　Not　so；　it　is　the
clear…sighted　scientific　Greek；　that　is　all。

C3。14。　Very　Scotch　all　this。

C3。21…22。　/Locus　classicus/　for　regimental　marching　tactics。　Qy。：　Are
any　of　these　tactical　improvements　by　Xenophon　himself？

＇C3。21。　The　〃regiment〃　of　a　hundred　men　was　divided　into　four
〃companies〃　of　twenty…five；　to　each　of　these　one　company…captain　and
twenty…four　men；　viz。：　twenty　privates；　two　captains…of…ten；　and　two
captains…of…five；　the　two　captains　of　ten　having　also　especial　charge
over　the　two　remaining　squads　of　five。　A　condensed　diagram　may　make
the　little　man？uvre　clear。　An　X　represents　one　group　of　five　plus　its
captain；　either　a　captain…of…five　or　a　captain…of…ten。　A　C　represents
a　company…captain。

　　First　positionOne　long　column。　All　in　single　file。

　　Second　positionFour　columns。　Single　file　for　each　company。

　　Third　positionEight　columns。　Double　files。

　　Fourth　positionSixteen　columns。　Quadruple　files。

　　　　C　　　　　　C　　　C　　　　　　　C　　　　　C　　　　　　　　　　C　　　　　　　C
　　　　X　　　　　　X　　　X　　…》　　X　X　　　X　X　　…》　　X　X　X　X　X　X　X　X
　　　　X　　…》　　X　　　X　　　　　　X　X　　　X　X
　　　　X　　　　　　X　　　X
　　　　X　　　　　　X　　　X
　　　　C
　　　　X
　　　　X
　　　　X
　　　　X＇

C4。15。　Cyaxares　means　to　kidnap　them；　doesn't　he？　That　is　not　quite
Cyrus'　method。　If　so；　it　contrasts　Cyaxares　and　Cyrus　again。

C4。17。　Cyaxares　the　old　fox　improves　upon　the　plan。

C4。30；　init。　It　is　these　touches　which　give　the　thrilling　subjective
feeling　to　the　writings　of　Xenophon；　or；　rather；　thus　his　nerves
tingle；　just　as　the　external　touches　give　a　sense　of　objective　health
（e。g。　above；　C1。29）。

C4。32。　All　this　is　entirely　modern；　never　yet　excelled；　I　imagine。



　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　BOOK　III

＇C。1＇　Thus　Cyrus　made　his　preparations。　But　the　Armenian；　when　he
heard　what　the　messenger　had　to　say；　was　terror…stricken：　he　knew　the
wrong　he　had　done　in　neglecting　the　tribute　and　withholding　the
troops；　and；　above　all；　he　was　afraid　it　would　be　discovered　that　he
was　beginning　to　put　his　palace　in　a　fit　state　for　defence。　＇2＇
Therefore；　with　much　trepidation；　he　began　to　collect　his　own　forces；
and　at　the　same　time　he　sent　his　younger　son　Sabaris　into　the　hills
with　the　women；　his　own　wife；　and　the　wife　of　his　elder　son　and　his
daughters；　taking　the　best　of　their　ornaments　and　furniture　with　them
and　an　escort　to　be　their　guide。　Meanwhile　he　despatched　a　party　to
discover　what　Cyrus　was　doing；　and　organised　all　the　Armenian
contingents　as　they　came　in。　But　it　was　not　long　before　other
messengers　arrived；　saying　that　Cyrus　himself　was　actually　at　hand。
＇3＇　Then　his　courage　forsook　him；　he　dared　not　come　to　blows　and　he
withdrew。　As　soon　as　the　recruits　saw　this　they　took　to　their　heels；
each　man　bent　on　getting　his　own　property　safely　out　of　the　way。　When
Cyrus　saw　the　plains　full　of　them；　racing　and　riding　everywhere；　he
sent　out　messengers　privately　to　explain　that　he　had　no　quarrel　with
any　who　stayed　quietly　in　their　homes；　but　if　he　caught　a　man　in
flight；　he　warned　them　he　would　treat　him　as　an　enemy。　Thus　the
greater　part　were　persuaded　to　remain；　though　there　were　some　who
retreated　with　the　king。

＇4＇　But　when　the　escort　with　the　women　came　on　the　Persians　in　the
mountain；　they　fled　with　cries　of　terror；　and　many　of　them　were　taken
prisoners。　In　the　end　the　young　prince　himself　was　captured；　and　the
wife　of　the　king；　and　his　daughters；　and　his　daughter…in…law；　and　all
the　goods　they　had　with　them。　And　when　the　king　learnt　what　had
happened；　scarcely　knowing　where　to　turn；　he　fled　to　the　summit　of　a
certain　hill。　＇5＇　Cyrus；　when　he　saw　it；　surrounded　the　spot　with　his
troops　and　sent　word　to　Chrysantas；　bidding　him　leave　a　force　to　guard
the　mountains　and　come　down　to　him。　So　the　mass　of　the　army　was
collected　under　Cyrus；　and　then　he　sent　a　herald　to　the　king　with　this
enquiry：

〃Son　of　Armenia；　will　you　wait　here　and　fight　with　hunger　and　thirst；
or　will　you　come　down　into　the　plain　and　fight　it　out　with　us？〃　But
the　Armenian　answered　that　he　wished　to　fight　with　neither。　＇6＇　Cyrus
sent　again　and　asked；　〃Why　do　you　sit　there；　then；　and　refuse　to　come
down？〃　〃Because　I　know　not　what　to　do；〃　answered　the　other。　〃It　is
simple　enough；〃　said　Cyrus；　〃come　down　and　take　your　trial。〃　〃And　who
shall　try　me？〃　asked　the　king。　〃He；〃　answered　Cyrus；　〃to　whom　God　has
given　the　power　to　treat　you　as　he　lists；　without　a　trial　at　all。〃

Thereupon　the　Armenian　came　down；　yielding　to　necessity；　and　Cyrus
took　him　and　all　that　he　had　and　placed　him　in　the　centre　of　the　camp；
for　all　his　forces　were　now　at　hand。

＇7＇　Meanwhile　Tigranes；　the　elder　son　of　the　king；　was　on　his　way　home
from　a　far　country。　In　old　days　he　had　hunted　with　Cyrus　and　been　his
friend；　and　now；　when　he　heard　what　had　happened；　he　came　forward　just
as　he　was；　but　when　he　saw　his　father　and　his　mother；　his　brother　and
sisters；　and　his　own　wife　all　held　as　prisoners；　he　could　not　keep
back　the　tears。　＇8＇　But　Cyrus　gave　him　no　sign　of　friendship　or
courtesy；　and　only　said；　〃You　have　come　in　time；　you　may　be　present
now　to　hear　your　father　tried。〃　With　that　he　summoned　the　leaders　of
the　Persians　and　the　Medes；　and　any　Armenian　of　rank　and　dignity　who
was　there；　nor　would　he　send　away　the　women　as　they　sat　in　covered
carriages；　but　let　them　listen　too。　＇9＇　When　all　was　ready　he　began：
〃Son　of　Armenia；　I　would　counsel　you；　in　the　first　place；　to　speak　the
truth；　so　that　at　least　you　may　stand　free　from　what　deserves　the
utmost　hate：　beyond　all　else；　be　assured；　manifest　lying　checks　the
sympathy　of　man　and　man。　Moreover；〃　said　he；　〃your　own　sons；　your
daughters；　and　your　wife　are　well　aware　of　all　that　you　have　done；　and
so　are　your　own　Armenians　who　are　here：　if　they　perceive　that　you　say
what　is　not　true；　they　must　surely　feel　that　out　of　your　own　lips　you
condemn　yourself　to　suffer　the　uttermost　penalty　when　I　learn　the
truth。〃　〃Nay；〃　answered　the　king；　〃ask　me　whatever　you　will；　and　I
will　answer　truly；　come　what　come　may。〃　＇10＇　〃Answer　then；〃　said
Cyrus；　〃did　you　once　make　war　upon　Astyages；　my　mother's　father；　and
his　Medes？〃　〃I　did；〃　he　answered。　〃And　were　you　conquered　by　him；　and
did　you　agree　to　pay　tribute　and　furnish　troops　whenever　he　required；
and　promise　not　to　fortify　your　dwellings？〃　〃Even　so；〃　he　said。　〃Why
is　it；　then；　that　to…day　you　have　neither　brought　the　tribute　nor　sent
the　troops；　and　are　building　forts？〃　〃I　set　my　heart　on　liberty：　it
seemed　to　me　so　fair　a　thing　to　be　free　myself　and　to　leave　freedom　to
my　sons。〃　＇11＇　〃And　fair　and　good　it　is；〃　said　Cyrus；　〃to　fight　for
freedom　and　choose　death　rather　than　slavery；　but　if　a　man　is　worsted
in　war　or　enslaved　by　any　other　means　and　then　attempts　to　rid　himself
of　his　lord；　tell　me　yourself；　would　you　honour　such　a　man　as　upright；
and　a　doer　of　noble　deeds；　or　would　you；　if　you　got　him　in　your　power；
chastise　him　as　a　malefactor？〃　〃I　would　chastise　him；〃　he　answered；
〃since　you　drive　me　to　the　truth。〃　＇12＇　〃Then　answer　me　now；　point　by
point；〃　said　Cyrus。　〃If　you　have　an　officer　and　he　does　wrong；　do　you
suffer　him　to　remain　in　office；　or　do　you　set　up　another　in　his
stead？〃　〃I　set　up　another。〃　〃And　if　he　have　great　riches；　to　you　leave
him　all　his　wealth；　or　do　you　make　him　a　beggar？〃　〃I　take　away　from
him　all　that　he　has。〃　〃And　if　you　found　him　deserting　to　your　enemies；
what　would　you　do？〃　〃I　would　kill　him；〃　he　said：　〃why　should　I　perish
with　a　lie　on　my　lips　rather　than　speak　the　truth　and　die？〃

＇13＇　But　at　this　his　son　rent　his　garments　and　dashed　the　tiara　from
his　brows；　and　the　women　lifted　up　their　voices　in　wailing　and　tore
their　cheeks；　as　though　their　father　was　dead　already；　and　they
themselves　undone。　But　Cyrus　bade　them　keep　silence；　and　spoke　again。
〃Son　of　Armenia；　we　have　heard　your　own　judgment　in　this　case；　and　now
tell　us；　what　ought　we　to　do？〃　But　the　king　sat　silent　and　perplexed；
wondering　whether　he　should　bid　Cyrus　put　him　to　death；　or　act　in　the
teeth　of　the　rule　he　had　laid　down　for　himself。　＇14＇　Then　his　son
T