cyropaedia-第12节
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especially c。 ix。； op。 cit。 Vol。 I。 p。 109）。 Clearly； moreover； many
of the customs and institutions described in the work as Persian are
really Dorian； and were still in vogue among Xenophon's Spartan
friends （vide e。g。 /Hellenica/； Bk。 IV。； i。 S28； op。 cit。 Vol。 II。 p。
44）。＇
C2。4。 Qy。 Were these tribal customs of the Persians； as doubtless of
the Dorians； or is it all a Dorian idealisation？
C2。13。 Good specimen of the 〃annotative〃 style with a parenthetic
comment。 The passage in brackets might be a gloss； but is it？
C3。3。 When did Xenophon himself first learn to ride？ Surely this is a
boyish reminiscence； full of sympathy with boy…nature。
C3。12。 Beautiful description of a child subject to his parents；
growing in stature and favour with God and man。
C4。2。 Perhaps his own grandson； Xenophon the son of Grylus； is the
prototype； and Xenophon himself a sort of ancient Victor Hugo in this
matter of fondness for children。
C4。3。 Contrast Autolycus in the /Symposium/； who had； however； reached
the more silent age ＇e。g。 /Symp/。； c。 iii。； fin。 tr。 Works； Vol。 III。
Part I。 p。 309＇。
C4。4。 The touch about the puppy an instance of Xenophon's ｛katharotes｝
＇clear simplicity of style＇。
C4。8。 Reads like a biographical incident in some hunt of Xenophon； boy
or father。
C4。9…10。 The rapidity； one topic introducing and taken up by another；
wave upon wave； ｛anerithmon lelasma｝ ＇〃the multitudinous laughter of
the sea〃＇。
C4。12。 The truth of this due to sympathy （cf。 Archidamus and his
father Agesilaus； /Hell/。； V。 c。 iv。； tr。 Works； Vol。 II。 p。 126）。
C4。22。 Cyaxares recalls John Gilpin。
C4。24。 An Hellenic trait； madness of battle…rage； ｛menis｝。 Something
of the fierceness of the /Iliad/ here。
C5。7。 Cyrus。 His first speech as a general； a fine one； a spirit of
athleticism breathes through it。 Cf。 /Memorabilia/ for a similar
rationalisation of virtuous self…restraint （e。g。 /Mem/。； Bk。 I。 c。 5；
6； Bk。 III。 c。 8）。 Paleyan somewhat； perhaps Socratic； not devoid of
common sense。 What is the end and aim of our training？ Not only for an
earthly aim； but for a high spiritual reward； all this toil。
C5。10。 This is Dakyns。
C5。11。 〃Up； Guards； and at 'em！〃
C6。 This chapter might have been a separate work appended to the
/Memorabilia/ on Polemics or Archics ＇〃Science of War〃 and 〃Science of
Rule〃＇。
C6。3…6。 Sounds like some Socratic counsel； the righteous man's
conception of prayer and the part he must himself play。
C6。7。 Personal virtue and domestic economy a sufficiently hard task；
let alone that still graver task； the art of grinding masses of men
into virtue。
C6。8； fin。 The false theory of ruling in vogue in Media： the /plus/ of
ease instead of the /plus/ of foresight and danger…loving endurance。
Cf。 Walt Whitman。
C6。30。 Is like the logical remark of a disputant in a Socratic
dialogue of the Alcibiades type； and §§ 31…33 a Socratic /mythos/ to
escape from the dilemma； the breakdown of this ideal /plus/ and
/minus/ righteousness due to the hardness of men's hearts and their
feeble intellects。
C6。31。 Who is this ancient teacher or who is his prototype if he is an
ideal being？ A sort of Socrates…Lycurgus？ Or is Xenophon thinking of
the Spartan Crypteia？
C6。34。 For /pleonexia/ and deceit in war； vide /Hipparch/。； c。 5 ＇tr。
Works； Vol。 III。 Part II。 p。 20＇。 Interesting and Hellenic； I think；
the mere raising of this sort of question； it might be done nowadays；
perhaps； with advantage /or/ disadvantage； less cant and more plain
brutality。
C6。39。 Hunting devices applied： throws light on the date of the
/Cyropaedia/； after the Scilluntine days； probably。 ＇After Xenophon
was exiled from Athens； his Spartan friends gave him a house and farm
at Scillus； a township in the Peloponnese； not far from Olympia。 See
/Sketch of Xenophon's Life/； Works； Vol。 I。； p。 cxxvi。＇
C6。41； init。 Colloquial exaggerated turn of phrase； almost 〃you could
wipe them off the earth。〃
BOOK II
＇C。1＇ Thus they talked together； and thus they journeyed on until they
reached the frontier； and there a good omen met them： an eagle swept
into view on the right； and went before them as though to lead the
way； and they prayed the gods and heroes of the land to show them
favour and grant them safe entry； and then they crossed the boundary。
And when they were across； they prayed once more that the gods of
Media might receive them graciously； and when they had done this they
embraced each other； as father and son will； and Cambyses turned back
to his own city； but Cyrus went forward again； to his uncle Cyaxares
in the land of Media。 ＇2＇ And when his journey was done and he was
face to face with him and they had greeted each other as kinsmen may；
then Cyaxares asked the prince how great an armament he had brought
with him？ And Cyrus answered； 〃I have 30；000 with me； men who have
served with you before as mercenaries； and more are coming on behind；
fresh troops； from the Peers of Persia。〃
〃How many of those？〃 asked Cyaxares。 ＇3＇ And Cyrus answered； 〃Their
numbers will not please you； but remember these Peers of ours； though
they are few； find it easy to rule the rest of the Persians； who are
many。 But now；〃 he added； 〃have you any need of us at all？ Perhaps it
was only a false alarm that troubled you； and the enemy are not
advancing？〃
〃Indeed they are；〃 said the other； 〃and in full force。〃
＇4＇ 〃How do you know？〃 asked Cyrus。
〃Because；〃 said he； 〃many deserters come to us； and all of them； in
one fashion or another； tell the same tale。〃
〃Then we must give battle？〃 said Cyrus。
〃Needs must；〃 Cyaxares replied。
〃Well；〃 answered Cyrus； 〃but you have not told me yet how great their
power is； or our own either。 I want to hear； if you can tell me； so
that we may make our plans。〃
〃Listen； then；〃 said Cyaxares。 ＇5＇ 〃Croesus the Lydian is coming； we
hear； with 10；000 horse and more than 40；000 archers and targeteers。
Artamas the governor of Greater Phrygia is bringing； they say； 8000
horse； and lancers and targeteers also； 40；000 strong。 Then there is
Aribaius the king of Cappadocia with 6000 horse and 30；000 archers and
targeteers。 And Aragdus the Arabian with 10；000 horse； a hundred
chariots； and innumerable slingers。 As for the Hellenes who dwell in
Asia； it is not clear as yet whether they will send a following or
not。 But the Phrygians from the Hellespont； we are told； are mustering
in the Caystrian plain under Gabaidus； 6000 horse and 40；000
targeteers。 Word has been sent to the Carians； Cilicians； and
Paphlagonians； but it is said they will not rise； the Lord of Assyria
and Babylon will himself； I believe； bring not less than 20；000 horse；
and I make no doubt as many as 200 chariots； and thousands upon
thousands of men on foot； such at least has been his custom whenever
he invaded us before。〃
＇6＇ Cyrus answered： 〃Then you reckon the numbers of the enemy to be；
in all； something like 60；000 horse and 200；000 archers and
targeteers。 And what do you take your own to be？〃
〃Well；〃 he answered； 〃we ourselves can furnish over 10；000 horse and
perhaps； considering the state of the country； as many as 60；000
archers and targeteers。 And from our neighbours； the Armenians；〃 he
added； 〃we look to get 4000 horse and 20；000 foot。〃
〃I see；〃 said Cyrus； 〃you reckon our cavalry at less than a third of
the enemy's； and our infantry at less than half。〃
＇7＇ 〃Ah；〃 said Cyaxares； 〃and perhaps you feel that the force you are
bringing from Persia is very small？〃
〃We will consider that later on；〃 answered Cyrus； 〃and see then if we
require more men or not。 Tell me first the methods of fighting that
the different troops adopt。〃
〃They are much the same for all；〃 answered Cyaxares； 〃that is to say；
their men and ours alike are armed with bows and javelins。〃
〃Well；〃 replied Cyrus； 〃if such arms are used； skirmishing at long
range must be the order of the day。〃 〃True；〃 said the other。 ＇8＇ 〃And
in that case；〃 went on Cyrus； 〃the victory is in the hands of the
larger force； for even if the same numbers fall on either side； the
few would be exhausted long before the many。〃 〃If that be so；〃 cried
Cyaxares； 〃there is nothing left for us but to send to Persia； and
make them see that if disaster falls on Media it will fall on Persia
next； and beg them for a larger force。〃 〃Ah； but；〃 said Cyrus； 〃you
must remember that even if every single Persian were to come at once；
we could not outnumber our enemies。〃 ＇9＇ 〃But；〃 said the other； 〃can
you see anything else to be done？〃 〃For my part；〃 answered Cyrus； 〃if
I could have my way； I would arm every Persian who is coming here in
precisely the same fashion as our Peers at home； that is to say； with
a corslet for the breast； a shield for the left arm； and a sword or
battle…axe for the right hand。 If you will give us these you will make
it quite safe for us to close with the enemy； and our foes will find
that flight is far pleasanter than defence。 But we Persians；〃 he
added； 〃will deal with those who do stand firm； leaving the fugitives
to you and to your cavalry； who must give them no time to rally and no
time to escape。〃
＇10＇ That was the counsel of Cyrus
