cyropaedia-第11节

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time　to　teach　them　what　is　lawful　against　our　enemies。　For　at　your　age
we　do　not　believe　you　will　break　out　into　savagery　against　your
fellows　with　whom　you　have　been　knit　together　since　childhood　in　ties
of　friendship　and　respect。　In　the　same　way　we　do　not　talk　to　the　young
about　the　mysteries　of　love；　for　if　lightness　were　added　to　desire；
their　passion　might　sweep　them　beyond　all　bounds。〃

＇35＇　〃Then　in　heaven's　name；　father；〃　said　Cyrus；　〃remember　that　your
son　is　but　a　backward　scholar　and　a　late　learner　in　this　lore　of
selfishness；　and　teach　me　all　you　can　that　may　help　me　to　overreach
the　foe。〃

〃Well；〃　said　the　father；　〃you　must　plot　and　you　must　plan；　whatever
the　size　of　his　force　and　your　own；　to　catch　his　men　in　disorder　when
yours　are　all　arrayed；　unarmed　when　yours　are　armed；　asleep　when　yours
are　awake；　or　you　must　wait　till　he　is　visible　to　you　and　you
invisible　to　him；　or　till　he　is　labouring　over　heavy　ground　and　you
are　in　your　fortress　and　can　give　him　welcome　there。〃

＇36＇　〃But　how；〃　asked　Cyrus；　〃can　I　catch　him　in　all　these　blunders？〃

〃Simply　because　both　you　and　he　are　bound　to　be　often　in　some　such
case；　both　of　you　must　take　your　meals　sometime；　both　of　you　must
sleep；　your　men　must　scatter　in　the　morning　to　satisfy　the　needs　of
nature；　and；　for　better　for　worse；　whatever　the　roads　are　like；　you
will　be　forced　to　make　use　of　them。　All　these　necessities　you　must　lay
to　heart；　and　wherever　you　are　weaker；　there　you　must　be　most　on　your
guard；　and　wherever　your　foe　is　most　assailable；　there　you　must　press
the　attack。〃

＇37＇　Then　Cyrus　asked；　〃And　are　these　the　only　cases　where　one　can
apply　the　great　principle　of　greed；　or　are　there　others？〃

〃Oh；　yes；　there　are　many　more；　indeed　in　these　simple　cases　any
general　will　be　sure　to　keep　good　watch；　knowing　how　necessary　it　is。
But　your　true　cheat　and　prince　of　swindlers　is　he　who　can　lure　the
enemy　on　and　throw　him　off　his　guard；　suffer　himself　to　be　pursued　and
get　the　pursuers　into　disorder；　lead　the　foe　into　difficult　ground　and
then　attack　him　there。　＇38＇　Indeed；　as　an　ardent　student；　you　must　not
confine　yourself　to　the　lessons　you　have　learnt；　you　must　show
yourself　a　creator　and　discoverer；　you　must　invent　stratagems　against
the　foe；　just　as　a　real　musician　is　not　content　with　the　mere　elements
of　his　art；　but　sets　himself　to　compose　new　themes。　And　if　in　music　it
is　the　novel　melody；　the　flower…like　freshness；　that　wins　popularity；
still　more　in　military　matters　it　is　the　newest　contrivance　that
stands　the　highest；　for　the　simple　reason　that　such　will　give　you　the
best　chance　of　outwitting　your　opponent。　＇39＇　And　yet；　my　son；　I　must
say　that　if　you　did　no　more　than　apply　against　human　beings　the
devices　you　learnt　to　use　against　the　smallest　game；　you　would　have
made　considerable　progress　in　this　art　of　overreaching。　Do　you　not
think　so　yourself？　Why；　to　snare　birds　you　would　get　up　by　night　in
the　depth　of　winter　and　tramp　off　in　the　cold；　your　nets　were　laid
before　the　creatures　were　astir；　and　your　tracks　completely　covered
and　you　actually　had　birds　of　your　own；　trained　to　serve　you　and　decoy
their　kith　and　kin；　while　you　yourself　lay　in　some　hiding…place；
seeing　yet　unseen；　and　you　had　learnt　by　long　practice　to　jerk　in　the
net　before　the　birds　could　fly　away。　＇40＇　Or　you　might　be　out　after
hares；　and　for　a　hare　you　had　two　breeds　of　dogs；　one　to　track　her　out
by　scent；　because　she　feeds　in　the　dusk　and　takes　to　her　form　by　day；
and　another　to　cut　off　her　escape　and　run　her　down；　because　she　is　so
swift。　And　even　if　she　escaped　these；　she　did　not　escape　you；　you　had
all　her　runs　by　heart　and　knew　all　her　hiding…places；　and　there　you
would　spread　your　nets；　so　that　they　were　scarcely　to　be　seen；　and　the
very　haste　of　her　flight　would　fling　her　into　the　snare。　And　to　make
sure　of　her　you　had　men　placed　on　the　spot　to　keep　a　look…out；　and
pounce　on　her　at　once。　And　there　were　you　at　her　heels；　shouting　and
scaring　her　out　of　her　wits；　so　that　she　was　caught　from　sheer　terror；
and　there　lay　your　men；　as　you　had　taught　them；　silent　and　motionless
in　their　ambuscade。　＇41＇　I　say；　therefore；　that　if　you　chose　to　act
like　this　against　human　beings；　you　would　soon　have　no　enemies　left　to
fight；　or　I　am　much　mistaken。　And　even　if；　as　well　may　be；　the
necessity　should　arise　for　you　to　do　battle　on　equal　terms　in　open
field；　even　so；　my　son；　there　will　still　be　power　in　those　arts　which
you　have　studied　so　long　and　which　teach　you　to　out…villain　villainy。
And　among　them　I　include　all　that　has　served　to　train　the　bodies　and
fire　the　courage　of　your　men；　all　that　has　made　them　adepts　in　every
craft　of　war。　One　thing　you　must　ever　bear　in　mind：　if　you　wish　your
men　to　follow　you；　remember　that　they　expect　you　to　plan　for　them。
＇42＇　Hence　you　must　never　know　a　careless　mood；　if　it　be　night；　you
must　consider　what　your　troops　shall　do　when　it　is　day；　if　day；　how
the　night　had　best　be　spent。　＇43＇　For　the　rest；　you　do　not　need　me　to
tell　you　now　how　you　should　draw　up　your　troops　or　conduct　your　march
by　day　or　night；　along　broad　roads　or　narrow　lanes；　over　hills　or
level　ground；　or　how　you　should　encamp　and　post　your　pickets；　or
advance　into　battle　or　retreat　before　the　foe；　or　march　past　a　hostile
city；　or　attack　a　fortress　or　retire　from　it；　or　cross　a　river　or　pass
through　a　defile；　or　guard　against　a　charge　of　cavalry　or　an　attack
from　lancers　or　archers；　or　what　you　should　do　if　the　enemy　comes　into
sight　when　you　are　marching　in　column　and　how　you　are　to　take　up
position　against　him；　or　how　deploy　into　action　if　you　are　in　line　and
he　takes　you　in　flank　or　rear；　and　how　you　are　to　learn　all　you　can
about　his　movements；　while　keeping　your　own　as　secret　as　may　be；　these
are　matters　on　which　you　need　no　further　word　of　mine；　all　that　I　know
about　them　you　have　heard　a　hundred　times；　and　I　am　sure　you　have　not
neglected　any　other　authority　on　whom　you　thought　you　could　rely。　You
know　all　their　theories；　and　you　must　apply　them　now；　I　take　it；
according　to　circumstances　and　your　need。　＇44＇　But；〃　he　added；　〃there
is　one　lesson　that　I　would　fain　impress　on　you；　and　it　is　the　greatest
of　them　all。　Observe　the　sacrifices　and　pay　heed　to　the　omens；　when
they　are　against　you；　never　risk　your　army　or　yourself；　for　you　must
remember　that　men　undertake　enterprises　on　the　strength　of　probability
alone　and　without　any　real　knowledge　as　to　what　will　bring　them
happiness。　＇45＇　You　may　learn　this　from　all　life　and　all　history。　How
often　have　cities　allowed　themselves　to　be　persuaded　into　war；　and
that　by　advisers　who　were　thought　the　wisest　of　men；　and　then　been
utterly　destroyed　by　those　whom　they　attacked！　How　often　have
statesmen　helped　to　raise　a　city　or　a　leader　to　power；　and　then
suffered　the　worst　at　the　hands　of　those　whom　they　exalted！　And　many
who　could　have　treated　others　as　friends　and　equals；　giving　and
receiving　kindnesses；　have　chosen　to　use　them　as　slaves；　and　then　paid
the　penalty　at　their　hands；　and　many；　not　content　to　enjoy　their　own
share　of　good；　have　been　swept　on　by　the　craving　to　master　all；　and
thereby　lost　everything　that　they　once　possessed；　and　many　have　won
the　very　wealth　they　prayed　for　and　through　it　have　found　destruction。
＇46＇　So　little　does　human　wisdom　know　how　to　choose　the　best；　helpless
as　a　man　who　could　but　draw　lots　to　see　what　he　should　do。　But　the
gods；　my　son；　who　live　for　ever；　they　know　all　things；　the　things　that
have　been　and　the　things　that　are　and　the　things　that　are　to　be；　and
all　that　shall　come　from　these；　and　to　us　mortals　who　ask　their
counsel　and　whom　they　love　they　will　show　signs；　to　tell　us　what　we
should　do　and　what　we　should　leave　undone。　Nor　must　we　think　it
strange　if　the　gods　will　not　vouchsafe　their　wisdom　to　all　men
equally；　no　compulsion　is　laid　on　them　to　care　for　men；　unless　it　be
their　will。〃


　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　NOTES

＇This　work　concludes　the　translation　of　Xenophon　undertaken　by　Mr。
Dakyns。　（〃The　Works　of　Xenophon；〃　with　maps；　introductions；　and　notes；
Vols。　I。…III。；　Macmillan。）　From　references　in　the　earlier　vols。　（e。g。
Vol。　I。　pp。　lvii。；　lxx。；　xc。；　cxiii。；　cxxxi。；　Vol。　III。　Part　I。　pp。
v。…vii。）　it　is　plain　the　translator　considered　that　the　historical
romance　of　the　/Cyropaedia/　was　written　in　Xenophon's　old　age
（completed　/circa/　365　B。C。）　embodying　many　of　his　own　experiences　and
his　maturest　thoughts　on　education；　on　government；　on　the　type　of　man；
a　rare　type；　alone　fitted　for　leadership。　The　figure　of　his　hero；
Cyrus　the　Great；　the　founder　of　the　Persian　empire；　known　to　him　by
story　and　legend；　is　modelled　on　the　Spartan　king　Agesilaus；　whom　he
loved　and　admired；　and　under　whom　he　served　in　Persia　and　in　Greece
（op。　cit。　Vol。　II。；　see　under　/Agesilaus/；　Index；　and　/Hellenica/；
Bks。　III。…V。　/Agesilaus/；　/an　Encomium/；　passim）。　Certain　traits　are
also　taken　from　the　younger　Cyrus；　whom　Xenophon　followed　in　his
famous　march　against　his　brother；　the　Persian　king；　up　from　the　coast
of　Asia　Minor　into　the　heart　of　Babylonia　（see　the　/Anabasis/；　Bk。　I。；
especially　c。　ix。；　op。　cit。　Vol。　I。　p。　109）。　Clearly；　moreover；　many
of　the　customs　and　institutions　des