biographical study of a. w. kinglake-及9准
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!!!!隆堋響頼紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響
dined alone with him in his tent on the evening of the eventful day。
If Lord Raglan was the Hector of the Crimean Iliad察its Agamemnon was Lord Stratford此 king of men察─as Stanley called him in his funeral sermon at Westminster察king of distrustful home Cabinets察 nominally his masters察of scheming European embassies察of insulting Russian opponents察of presumptuous French generals察of false and fleeting Pashas LE SULTAN察C'EST LORD STRATFORD察said St。 Arnaud察 of all men察whatever their degree察who entered his ambassadorial presence。 Ascendency was native to the man察while yet in his teens we find Etonian and Cambridge friends writing to him deferentially as to a critic and superior。 At four and twenty he became Minister to a Court manageable only by high´handed authority and menace。 He owned察and for the most part controlled察a violent temper察it broke bounds sometimes察to our great amusement as we read to´day察to the occasional discomfiture of ATTACHES or of dependents察。19 to the abject terror of Turkish Sublimities who had outworn his patience。 But he knew when to be angry察he could pulverize by fiery outbreaks the Reis Effendi and his master察Abdu´l´Mejid察but as Plenipotentiary to the United States he could ;quench the terror of his beak察the lightning of his eye察─disarming by his formal courtesy and winning by his obvious sincerity the suspicious and irritable John Quincy Adams。 When Menschikoff once insulted him察 seeing that a quarrel at that moment would be fatal to his purpose察 he pretended to be deaf察and left the Russian in the belief that his rude speech had not been heard。 Enthroned for the sixth time in Constantinople察at the dangerous epoch of 1853察he could point to an unequalled diplomatic record in the past察to the Treaty of Bucharest察to reunion of the Helvetic Confederacy shattered by Napoleon's fall察to the Convention which ratified Greek independence察to the rescue from Austrian malignity of the Hungarian refugees。
His conduct of the negotiations preceding the Crimean War is justly called the cornerstone of his career此at this moment of his greatness Kinglake encounters and describes him此through the brilliant chapters in his opening volume察as more fully later on through Mr。 Lane Poole's admirable biography察the Great Eltchi is known to English readers。 He moves across the stage with a majesty sometimes bordering on what Iago calls bombast circumstance察drums and trumpets herald his every entrance察now pacing the shady gardens of the Bosphorus察now foiling察 in his grand quiet way察─ the Czar's ferocious Christianity察or torturing his baffled ambassador by scornful concession of the points which he formally demanded but did not really want察or crushing with ;thin察tight察 merciless lips and grand overhanging Canning brow; the presumptuous French commander who had dared to enter his presence with a plot for undermining England's influence in the partnership of the campaign。 Was he察we ask as we end the fascinating description察 was he察what Bright and the Peace Party proclaimed him to be察the cause of the Crimean War拭 The Czar's personal dislike to him ´ a caprice which has never been explained 20 ´ exasperated no doubt to the mind of Nicholas the repulse of Menschikoff's demands察but that the precipitation of the prince and his master had put the Russian Court absolutely in the wrong is universally admitted。 It has been urged against him that his recommendation of the famous Vienna Note to the Porte was official merely察and allowed the watchful Turks to assume his personal approbation of their refusal。 It may be so察his biographer does not admit so much此but it is obvious that the Turks were out of hand察and that no pressure from Lord Stratford could have persuaded them to accept the Note。 Further察the ;Russian Analysis of the Note察─escaping shortly afterwards from the bag of diplomatic secrecy察revealed to our Cabinet the necessity of those amendments to the Note on which the Porte had insisted。 And lastly察the passage of the Dardanelles by our fleet察which more than any overt act made war inevitable察was ordered by the Government at home against Lord Stratford's counsel。 Between panic´stricken statesmen and vacillating ambassadors察Lord Clarendon on one side察M。 de la Cour on the other察the Eltchi stands like Tennyson's promontory of rock
;Tempest´buffeted察citadel´crowned。;
Napoleon at St。 Helena attributed much of his success in the field to the fact that he was not hampered by governments at home。 Every modern commander察down certainly to the present moment察must have envied him。 Kinglake's mordant pen depicts with felicity and compression the men of Downing Street察who without military experience or definite political aim察thwarted察criticised察over´ ruled察tormented察their much´enduring General。 We have Aberdeen察 deficient in mental clearness and propelling force察by his horror of war bringing war to pass察Gladstone察of too subtle intellect and too lively conscience察 a good man in the worst sense of the term;察 Palmerston察above both in keenness of instinct and in strength of will察meaning war from the first察and biding his time to insure it察 Newcastle察sanguine to the verge of rashness察loyally adherent to Lord Raglan while governed by his own judgment察distrustful under stress of popular clamour察Panmure察ungenerous察rough´tongued察 violent察churlish察yet not malevolent ´ ;a rhinoceros rather than a tiger; ´ hurried by subservience to the newspaper Press into injustice which he afterwards recognized察yet did but sullenly repair。 We see finally that dominant Press itself察personified in the all´powerful Delane察a potentate with convictions at once flexible and vehement察forceful without spite and merciless without malignity察writing no articles察but evoking察shaping察revising all。 The French commanders were not hampered by the muzzled Paris Press察 which had long since ceased to utter any but dictated sentiments察 they suffered even more disastrously from the imperious interference of the Tuileries。 Canrobert's inaction察mutability察 sudden alarms察flagrant breaches of faith察were inexplicable until long afterwards察when the fall of the Empire disclosed the secret instructions ´ disloyal to his allies and ruinous to the campaign ´ by which Louis Napoleon shackled his unhappy General。 In Canrobert's successor察Pelissier察he met his match。 For the first time a strong man headed the French army。 Short of stature察bull´ necked and massive in build察with grey hair察long dark moustache察 keen fiery eyes察his coarse rough speech masking tested brain power and high intellectual culture察he brought new life to the benumbed French army察new hope to Lord Raglan。 The duel between the resolute general and the enraged Emperor is narrated with a touch comedy。 All that Lord Raglan desired察all that the Emperor forbade察Pelissier was stubbornly determined to accomplish察the siege should be pressed at once察the city taken at any cost察the expedition to Kertch resumed。 Once only察under torment of the Emperor's reproaches and the Minister at War's remonstrances察his resolution and his nerve gave way察eight days of failing judgment issued in the Karabelnaya defeat察the severest repulse which the two armies had sustained察but the paralysis passed away察he showed himself once more eager to act in concert with the English general察 when the long´borne strain of disappointment and anxiety sapped at last Lord Raglan's vital forces察and the hard fierce Frenchman stood for upwards of an hour beside his dead colleague's bedside察 crying like a child。;
The lieutenants of Lord Raglan in the Crimea have long since passed away察but in artistic epical presentment they retain their place around him。 Airey察his right hand from the first disembarkation at Kalamita Bay察strong´willed察decisive察ardent察thrusting away suspense and doubt察untying every knot察is vindicated by his Chief against the Duke of Newcastle's wordy inculpation in the severest despatch perhaps ever penned to his official superior by a soldier in the field。 Colin Campbell察with glowing face察grey kindling eye察light察stubborn察crisping hair察leads his Highland brigade tip the hill against the Vladimir columns察till ;with the sorrowful wail which bursts from the brave Russian infantry when they have to suffer loss察─eight battalions of the enemy fall back in retreat。 Lord Lucan察tall察lithe察slender察his face glittering and panther´ like in moments of strenuous action察wins our hearts as he won Kinglake's察in spite of the mis´aimed cleverness and presumptuous self´confidence which always criticised and sometimes disobeyed the orders of his Chief。 General Pennefather察 the grand old boy察─his exulting radiant face flashing everywhere through the smoke察his resonant innocuous oaths roaring cheerily down the line察sustains all day the handful of our troops against the tenfold masses of the enemy。 Generous and eloquent are the notices of Korniloff and Todleben察the great sailor and the great engineer察the soul and the brain of the Sebastopol defence。 The first fell in the siege察the second lived t