north american species of cactus(北美仙人掌)-第3节
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applanataEngelm。 Pl。 Lindh 198 （1850）。Mamillaria texensisLabouret；
Monogr。 Cact。 89 （1858）。
Depressed； globose； usually with depressed vertex； 8 to 12 cm。 broad；
2。5 to 5 cm。 high： tubercles elongated： radial spines 10 to 22； whitish； 5 to
12 mm。 long； the lower usually the longer； stouter； and often darker；
central spine 4 to 8 mm。 long； light yellowish…brown； stout； straight； and
porrect： flowers 2 to 2。5 cm。 long； reddish…white： fruit incurved； 1。5 to 3
cm。 long。 （Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 9。 figs。 4…14）。Type unknown。
From the Guadalupe River； Texas； to the mouth of the Rio Grande； and
westward to Arizona and Sonora。Fl。 April； May。
Specimens examined： Texas （Lindheimer of 1845； 1847； 1853； Wright
226； also collections of 1849； 1852； 1853； 1855； 1856； Bigelow of 1853；
Trelease of 1892； Nealley of 1892）： New Mexico （Wright 311； Bigelow of
1853； Evans of 1891）： Arizona （Pringle of 1881）： also growing in Mo。 Bot。
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North American Species of Cactus
Gard。 1893； and in the World's Fair collection of Mrs。 Nickels。
The radial spines are somewhat variable in relative length； often
becoming almost equal； while sometimes the upper radials are very much
reduced。The figure referred to in Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 is not satisfactory as
to the general habit of the plant； which is flat…topped rather than
hemispherical。
6。Cactus heyderi hemisphaericus （Engelm。）。
Mamillaria hemisphaericaEngelm。 Pl。 Lindh。 198 （1850）。
Differs in being hemispherical instead of flat…topped； in its fewer （9 to
12） and shorter （4 to 8 mm。） radial spines； and much smaller less rough
and lighter…colored seeds。（Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 9。 figs。 15…17）Type； the
〃Goebel's Garden〃 plants in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
Throughout southern Texas and southern New Mexico； and southward；
not extending so far north or west as the species； and apparently not so
abundant within the United States。Fl。 May。
Specimens examined： Texas（Schott 322； 614）： New Mexico （Evans of
1891）： also specimens cultivated in the Goebel Garden； St。 Louis； in 1847；
brought from 〃below Matamoras on the Rio Grande〃 by the St。 Louis
Volunteers； in 1816。
On account of its convex top the variety becomes somewhat higher
than the species （5 to 7。5 cm。）； and the flowers are sometimes slightly
longer （2 to 3 cm。）。
7。Cactus meiacanthus （Engelm。） Kuntze； Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 （1891）。
Mamillaria meiacanthaEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 263 （1856）
Hemispherical or with depressed vertex； 7。5 to 12。5 cm。 in diameter；
with a broad top…shaped base： tubercles compressed； 14 to 18 mm。 long：
radial spines 5 to 9 （usually about 6）； stout and strongly subulate； 6 to 10
mm。 long； straight or somewhat curved； whitish or yellowish； the lower
mostly a little longer； the upper one sometimes wanting； central spine
shorter and stout； darker； straight； and porrect； turned upwards among the
radials； or rarely wanting： flowers 2。5 to 3 cm。 long； reddish…white： fruit
incurved； 2 to 3 cm。 long。（Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 9； figs。1…3）。Type
specimens are those of the collections of 1847； 1851； 1852； and 1853；
from which the original description was drawn and all of which are in
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North American Species of Cactus
Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
From the Guadalupe River； Texas； to the 〃Great Bend〃 of the Rio
Grande； westward through western Texas and New Mexico； also northern
Mexico （Hemsley）； Fl。May； June。
Specimens examined： Texas （Wright of 1851； 1852； Bigelow of 1853）：
New Mexico （〃Missouri Volunteers〃 of 1847； unknown collector in 1880）；
also specimens cultivated in St。 Louis in 1853； and others growing in Mo。
Bot。 Gard。 1893。
Dr。 Engelmann regarded this species as possibly only a variety of C。
heyderi； to which it is certainly very closely allied through var。
hemisphaerica； but the different tubercles and fewer stouter spines serve
so well to distinguish it that it seems best to retain its specific rank。
In reference to the citation of the original description an explanation
seems necessary； which will apply to numerous similar cases。The Pacif。 R。
Rep。 iv。 27 （1856）； Syn。 Cact。 263 （1858）； and Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 9 （1859）；
have each been cited as the original publication。The confusion has arisen
from the fact that in both the publications of 1856 the description in the
Rep。 Mex。 Bound。 is referred to； and in that report the plant is fully
described as 〃sp。 nov。〃However； the publication of the Boundary Report
was long delayed on account of the preparation of the plates； and in the
meantime both the publications of 1856 had appeared； in each one of
which the species is distinctly characterized and reference made to the
description in the forthcoming Boundary Report。 As between the two
publications of 1856 the Syn。 Cact。 （Proc。 Amer。 Acad。iii。 259） was
evidently distributed first。
8。Cactus gummiferus （Engelm。） Kuntze。 Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 （1891）。
Mamillaria gummiferaEngelm。 Wisliz。 Rep。 21 （1848）。
Hemispherical； 7。5 to 12。5 cm。 broad and 6 to 10 cm。 high： tubercles
12 to 15 mm。 long： radial spines 10 to 12； the lower stout； with dusky apex；
12 to 15 mm。 long； twice or thrice as long as the whitish setaceous upper
ones； central spine （sometimes two） shorter （about 4 mm。）； stout； dusky
and porrect： flowers 3 cm。 long； reddish…white； brownish…red outside： fruit
unknown。 （Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 9。 figs。 18…20）Type probably lost； as
no specimens could be found in the Engelmann Herbarium。
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North American Species of Cactus
Chihuahua； near Cosihuiriachi。
So far as can be discovered； this species has not been collected since
the original Wislizenus collection of 1846…47。The plants were cultivated
by Dr。 Engelmann and made to bloom； showing the flowers to be larger
and darker colored than in the rest of the group； from which the species
also differs in its more robust habit； its very unequal radial spines； and the
occasional occurrence of two centrals。
** Central spine hooked。
9。Cactus uncinatus （Zucc） Kuntze； Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261 （1591）。
Mamillaria uncinataZucc。 in Pfeiff。 Enum。 34 （1837）。 Mamillaria
bihamataPfeiff。 in Otto and Deitr。 Gart。 vi。 274 （1840） Mamillaria
aduncaScheidw。 （1845…1849？）。Mamillaria depressaScheidw。 （1845…
1849？）。
Usually globose （occasionally depressed or even subcolumnar）； 5 to 6
cm。 in diameter （doubtless becoming larger）： tubercles 8 to 10 mm。 long；
woolly in the upper axils： radial spines 4 to 6； rigid； 4 to 6 mm。 long； the
upper one stouter than the rest and sometimes shorter； reddish…brown and
horny； straight or slightly curved； the remainder straight and white with
dusky tips； central spine stout and horny； reddish…brown； 7 to 10 mm。long：
flowers greenish…white or tinged with red： fruit unknown Type unknown。
Entirely Mexican； reported from Chihuahua to Saint Luis Potosi。
Specimens examined： San Luis Potosi （Gregg of 1848； Parry 268；
Eschanzier of 1891）： Chihuahua （Wislizenus of 1846…47； also Chihuahua
specimens cultivated in the Jacoby Garden in 1856 and 1857）。
The variations observed in this species do not seem sufficient for the
establishment of varieties。The type form seems to have been globose； with
4 radial spines and a stout central one。The depressed forms with 6 radials
and a more slender central represent var。 spinosior Lem。 （M。 depressa
Scheidw。）； and the subcolumnar forms with 6 radials （the upper one of
which is somewhat curved） and a stout strongly hooked central represent
var biuncinata Lem。 （M。 bihamata Pfeiff。）Such combinations of characters；
however； do not hold； as any one of the plant body forms may display any
one of the spine characters referred to。
B。 Tubercles terete。
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North American Species of Cactus
* Central spines none： mostly simple
