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第8节

how to live on twenty-four hours a day-第8节

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is precisely the feeling of strain; of difficulty; of a task which one part of you 
is anxious to achieve and another part of you is anxious to shirk; and that f
eeling cannot be got in facing a novel。  You do not set your teeth in order to 
read 〃Anna Karenina。〃  Therefore; though you should read novels; you should 
not read them in those ninety minutes。

Imaginative poetry produces a far greater mental strain than novels。  It 
produces probably the severest strain of any form of literature。  It is the 
highest form of literature。  It yields the highest form of pleasure; and 
teaches the highest form of wisdom。  In a word; there is nothing to 
compare with it。  I say this with sad consciousness of the fact that the 
majority of people do not read poetry。

I am persuaded that many excellent persons; if they were confronted 
with the alternatives of reading 〃Paradise Lost〃 and going round 
Trafalgar Square at noonday on their knees in sack…cloth; would 
choose the ordeal of public ridicule。  Still; I will never cease advising 
my friends and enemies to read poetry before anything。

If poetry is what is called 〃a sealed book〃 to you; begin by reading 
Hazlitt's famous essay on the nature of 〃poetry in general。〃  It is the 
best thing of its kind in English; and no one who has read it can possibly 
be under the misapprehension that poetry is a mediaeval torture; or a 
mad elephant; or a gun that will go off by itself and kill at forty paces。  
Indeed; it is difficult to imagine the mental state of the man who; after 
reading Hazlitt's essay; is not urgently desirous of reading some poetry 
before his next meal。  If the essay so inspires you I would suggest that 
you make a commencement with purely narrative poetry。

There is an infinitely finer English novel; written by a woman; than 
anything by George Eliot or the Brontes; or even Jane Austen; which 
perhaps you have not read。  Its title is 〃Aurora Leigh;〃 and its author 
E。B。 Browning。  It happens to be written in verse; and to contain a 
considerable amount of genuinely fine poetry。  Decide to read that 
book through; even if you die for it。  Forget that it is fine poetry。  
Read it simply for the story and the social ideas。  And when you 
have done; ask yourself honestly whether you still dislike poetry。  
I have known more than one person to whom 〃Aurora Leigh〃 has 
been the means of proving that in assuming they hated poetry they 
were entirely mistaken。

Of course; if; after Hazlitt; and such an experiment made in the light 
of Hazlitt; you are finally assured that there is something in you which 
is antagonistic to poetry; you must be content with history or philosophy。  
I shall regret it; yet not inconsolably。  〃The Decline and Fall〃 is not to be 
named in the same day with 〃Paradise Lost;〃 but it is a vastly pretty thing; 
and Herbert Spencer's 〃First Principles〃 simply laughs at the claims of 
poetry and refuses to be accepted as aught but the most majestic product 
of any human mind。  I do not suggest that either of these works is suitable 
for a tyro in mental strains。  But I see no reason why any man of average 
intelligence should not; after a year of continuous reading; be fit to assault 
the supreme masterpieces of history or philosophy。  The great convenience 
of masterpieces is that they are so astonishingly lucid。

I suggest no particular work as a start。  The attempt would be futile in the 
space of my command。  But I have two general suggestions of a certain 
importance。  The first is to define the direction and scope of your efforts。  
Choose a limited period; or a limited subject; or a single author。  Say to 
yourself:  〃I will know something about the French Revolution; or the 
rise of railways; or the works of John Keats。〃  And during a given period; 
to be settled beforehand; confine yourself to your choice。  There is much 
pleasure to be derived from being a specialist。

The second suggestion is to think as well as to read。  I know people who 
read and read; and for all the good it does them they might just as well 
cut bread…and…butter。  They take to reading as better men take to drink。  
They fly through the shires of literature on a motor…car; their sole object 
being motion。  They will tell you how many books they have read in a year。

Unless you give at least forty…five minutes to careful; fatiguing reflection 
(it is an awful bore at first) upon what you are reading; your ninety minutes 
of a night are chiefly wasted。  This means that your pace will be slow。

Never mind。

Forget the goal; think only of the surrounding country; and after a period; 
perhaps when you least expect it; you will suddenly find yourself in a lovely 
town on a hill。



                                                  XII

                                 DANGERS TO AVOID


I cannot terminate these hints; often; I fear; too didactic and abrupt; upon 
the full use of one's time to the great end of living (as distinguished from 
vegetating) without briefly referring to certain dangers which lie in wait 
for the sincere aspirant towards life。  The first is the terrible danger of 
becoming that most odious and least supportable of personsa prig。  
Now a prig is a pert fellow who gives himself airs of superior wisdom。  
A prig is a pompous fool who has gone out for a ceremonial walk; and 
without knowing it has lost an important part of his attire; namely; his 
sense of humour。  A prig is a tedious individual who; having made a 
discovery; is so impressed by his discovery that he is capable of being 
gravely displeased because the entire world is not also impressed by it。  
Unconsciously to become a prig is an easy and a fatal thing。

Hence; when one sets forth on the enterprise of using all one's time; it is 
just as well to remember that one's own time; and not other people's time; 
is the material with which one has to deal; that the earth rolled on pretty 
comfortably before one began to balance a budget of the hours; and that it 
will continue to roll on pretty comfortably whether or not one succeeds in 
one's new role of chancellor of the exchequer of time。  It is as well not to 
chatter too much about what one is doing; and not to betray a too…pained 
sadness at the spectacle of a whole world deliberately wasting so many 
hours out of every day; and therefore never really living。  It will be found; 
ultimately; that in taking care of one's self one has quite all one can do。

Another danger is the danger of being tied to a programme like a slave to 
a chariot。  One's programme must not be allowed to run away with one。  
It must be respected; but it must not be worshipped as a fetish。  A programme 
of daily employ is not a religion。

This seems obvious。  Yet I know men whose lives are a burden to themselves
 and a distressing burden to their relatives and friends simply because they 
have failed to appreciate the obvious。  〃Oh; no;〃 I have heard the martyred 
wife exclaim; 〃Arthur always takes the dog out for exercise at eight o'clock 
and he always begins to read at a quarter to nine。  So it's quite out of the 
question that we should。 。 。〃 etc。; etc。  And the note of absolute finality in 
that plaintive voice reveals the unsuspected and ridiculous tragedy of a career。

On the other hand; a programme is a programme。  And unless it is treated 
with deference it ceases to be anything but a poor joke。  To treat one's 
programme with exactly the right amount of deference; to live with not
too much and not too little elasticity; is scarcely the simple affair it may 
appear to the inexperienced。

And still another danger is the danger of developing a policy of rush; of 
being gradually more and more obsessed by what one has to do next。  In 
this way one may come to exist as in a prison; and ones life may cease to 
be one's own。  One may take the dog out for a walk at eight o'clock; and 
meditate the whole time on the fact that one must begin to read at a quarter 
to nine; and that one must not be late。

And the occasional deliberate breaking of one's programme will not help 
to mend matters。  The evil springs not from persisting without elasticity
in what one has attempted; but from originally attempting too much; from 
filling one's programme till it runs over。  The only cure is to reconstitute 
the programme; and to attempt less。

But the appetite for knowledge grows by what it feeds on; and there are 
men who come to like a constant breathless hurry of endeavour。  Of them 
it may be said that a constant breathless hurry is better than an eternal doze。

In any case; if the programme exhibits a tendency to be oppressive; and 
yet one wishes not to modify it; an excellent palliative is to pass with 
exaggerated deliberation from one portion of it to another; for example; 
to spend five minutes in perfect mental quiescence between chaining up 
the St。 Bernard and opening the book; in other words; to waste five 
minutes with the entire consciousness of wasting them。

The last; and chiefest danger which I would indicate; is one to which I 
have already referredthe risk of a failure at the commencement of the 
enterprise。

I must insist

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