04道德经英译本85种-第429节
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Conquers without using force of arms;
For it is in the nature of direct force to rebound
… violence begetting violence;
repaying the wielder in kind。
Knowing that forceful conflict produces
a battleground of thorns and bramble extending far beyond the point of conflict;
It is inevitable that conflict be followed by great famine and deprivation。
A wise leader effects the purpose at hand; and stops …
Not continuing the use of power for its own sake。
Achieving the purpose:
… Does not brag about it。
… Does not boast of it。
… Does not take pride in it。
… Considers any conflict an unavoidable and regrettable necessity。
… Does not delight in domination
and violence。
Knowing that loss follows gain;
decay follows vigor
and that violence is not consistent with the Tao;
Then that which is inconsistent with the Tao;
Must in time; perish。
31
ARMS AND WEAPONS
Arms and weapons;
Being instruments of destruction; Are despised by all。
They are avoided by followers of the Tao。
As instruments of evil; they are spurned by good leaders;
Being used with calm restraint only when no other choice prevails。
A good leader does not regard victory with rejoicing;
For to delight in victory is to delight
in the slaughter of people。
To delight in slaughter is to fail
in one's purpose。
In ancient social custom …
The left is the place of honor
for ceremonies at home。
At war; the place of honor is at the right。
Thus;
Good omen and happy occasions favor the left。
Ill omen and such sad occasions as
funeral rites; favor the right。
Observe then with grief and sorrow the slaughter
accompanying victory of arms; for;
Victory of arms and funeral ceremony
truly share the same rite。
32
THE UNCARVED BLOCK
The Tao; eternal and nameless;
Is as an uncarved block …
Seemingly simple and insignificant;
Is inferior to nothing under the heavens。
If leaders were to embrace it within their own true natures;
Loyalty would come to them as effortlessly as
heaven and earth send the rains and dew。
There being no compulsion;
All would be in harmony。
Carving the block creates identity。
Identity causes names。
Names cause differentiation and distinction …
Harmony ceases。
Thus;
As names are perceived …
As distinctions among people arise …
Stop!
Knowing when to stop; danger may be avoided。
Tao in the affairs of the world is as natural as the rivers seeking the seas。
33
KNOWING ONESELF
To know and understand others; Is to have wisdom。
To know and understand oneself; Is to have wisdom and enlightenment。
To conquer others; Is to have physical force。
To conquer oneself; Is to have physical force as well as internal strength。
To be content with what one has; Is to be rich indeed。
To act with perseverance; Is to be strong willed。
To preserve one's natural essence; Is to endure。
To die; Is not to perish。
One's eternal presence is true longevity。
34
GREATNESS
The great Tao; flowing everywhere;
May go this way or that;
To the left or to the right。
All Things depending upon it for existence;
It is generous; no grace is withheld。
Silently and freely fulfilling its purpose and destiny;
It lays no possessive claim。
Nourishing and protecting All Things;
It has no desire to be master over them。
Without desire; asking for nothing;
Some may call it 〃The Small〃。
However; All Things belonging and returning to it …
Tho' it lays no claim to master them;
It is called 〃The Great〃。
Thus the Sage
Never making a show of greatness …
Manifests true greatness。
35
TAO PRESENCE
Tao presence in mind;
Quietude; comfort and harmony appear。
As music pleasures the soul …
As fine food delights the senses …
Passing strangers take note; pause to enjoy。
Compare then the Tao …
Flavorless to the taste。
Unseen to the eye。
Unheard to the ear。
Tho' using it … it is inexhaustible。
36
THE SUBTLE LAW
Expansion grows from contraction。
Strength grows from weakness。
Construction grows from destruction。
Receiving grows from giving。
Being the subtle law of nature;
Softness and gentleness overcome the hard and the strong。
As fish are preserved by hiding in the deep;
Preserve your weapons of survival from the view of the Idle Curious。
37
NEVER DOING
Tao never does; Yet through it; All Things are done。
If leaders observed this; All would develop naturally。
Desire for active doing would be restrained by the inherent simplicity of Tao。
Being free of desire; Stillness and tranquility reign。
Of itself; All Things are at peace。
38
THE SUBSTANTIAL AND THE SUPERFICIAL
The person known to have superior Te;
Has it as a result of natural instinct。
Possessing true virtue; acting naturally … never overtly;
Has no inner need to be regarded as virtuous。
The person known to have inferior Te;
Needs to make an overt display of virtue。 Being in truth without Te … acts with overt display;
So to appear virtuous to others。
The person known to have superior kindness and humanity;
Acts effortlessly; with natural instincts。
The person known to have a superior sense of strict justice and righteousness;
Needs to act with overt display of power。
The person known to favor strict adherence to rite; ritual and ceremony;
When taking action and failing to obtain a response;
Attempts to force adherence; using violence
Sequentially: If people stray from the Tao; They tend to emphasize Te。
If Te is lost; They will rely on kindness and humanity。
That being lost; Strict justice and righteousness appear。
That; being of no effect; Resort to rite; ritual and ceremony。
Rite; ritual and ceremony are the mere shell of true faith and loyalty …
The beginnings of disorder; chaos and confusion。
These human characteristics; being merely a superficial aspect of one's true essence;
Are a beginning of folly。
Thus the Sage:
Knowing what to accept and what to reject …
Dwells upon the substantial;
Not upon the superficial。
Upon the fruit; not the flower。
39
THE UNIFIED WHOLE
From ancient times; there was an understanding of All Things as a unified whole;
Arising as from one。
Understanding and possessing this unity:
… Heaven attains purity and clarity。
… Earth attains stability and tranquility。
… Spirit attains life and essence。
… Valley attains fullness and fruitfulness。
… All Things attain creative life and growth。
… Leaders attain responsiveness。
All this … arising as from one; Is the true nature of things。。
Were it not for:
… Purity and clarity; the heavens would cease。
… Stability and tranquility; the earth would crumble。
… Fullness and fruitfulness; The valley would become a barren desert。
… Creative life and growth; All Things would become extinct。
… Responsiveness to leadership; The leader would fail and his subjects suffer。
The humble is the stem upon which the exalted grows。
The lowly is the foundation for the mighty。
Leaders of old; recognizing their dependence upon the lowly and humble for their success;
Called themselves orphaned; needy; worthless。
True understanding; as is the chariot;
Is not recognizable or useful as such; from its parts;
Its recognition and use coming from its assemblage into a unified whole。
A true Leader will not spoil the unity of his empire;
By putting himself far above his subjects。
He will not jingle rare jade bells in front of his subjects;
Who themselves possess mere common stone chimes。
40
THE NON…BEING
Returning to what was in the beginning;
Is the action of Tao。
Gentleness and yielding is the manner in which
Tao functions and employs itself。
All Things emanate from Being;
And being; most certainly emanates from
Non…Being。
41
HOW IT MAY SEEM
A wise person; hearing of the Tao;
Lets it become a central focus of life。
A mediocre person; hearing of the Tao;
Keeps to it or not; as the occasion; may suggest。
An inferior person; hearing of the Tao; Laughs aloud at it。
Truly; being inferior; had he failed to laugh at it …
It most certainly would not be worthy to be called the Tao。
Hence it is said:
… The bright way may seem dimly lit。
… The way ahead may seem like a retreat。
… The straight way may seem to be wavy and crooked。
… The highest virtue may seem to be devoid of substance。
… The pure may seem to be tarnished。
… The greatest Te may seem inadequate。
… The sturdiest Te may appear to be flimsy。
… The natural way may appear contaminated。
…