04道德经英译本85种-第354节
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The Spirit of the Valley is undying:
It is the Mysterious Mother。
The Doorway of the Mysterious Mother is the root from which grew Heaven and Earth。
And this Spirit endures unceasingly:
Nourishing and conserving unceasingly;
Without effort;
Itself inexhaustible。
7
Heaven is eternal: the Earth is ever…renewing。
Why?
Surely it is because they do not live for themselves:
That is why they endure。
And so it is with the Sage。
He keeps himself in the background;
And yet he is always to be found in the forefront。
He is ever unmindful of himself;
And yet he is preserved。
Is it not because he seeks no personal success that all his aims are fulfilled?
8
The highest good may be likened to water。
Water benefits all creatures yet does not strive or argue with them。
It rests content in those lowly places which others despise:
Thus it is very near to the Tao。
It is a virtue in a house that it stands firm upon the ground。
It is a virtue in a man that his thoughts should be profound。
In friendship; gentleness and good nature are a virtue。
In speech; it is a virtue to utter truths。
It is a virtue in government that it maintains good order。
It is a virtue in afairs that they should be well…conducted。
It is a virtue in movements and actions that they should be well…timed。
And all these virtues are as the virtue of water;
Which does not contend and therefore can do no wrong。
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Rather than fill a vessel to overflowing; stop in time。
If you temper a swordblade to razor sharpness; it will blunt the sooner。
If you overload your house with gold and jade; how shall it be guarded?
Wealth and high office breed vanity and toruble; and ruin follows in their train。
Accomplish you task; earn honour but do not claim it;
Then withdraw into the background。
That is Heaven's Way。
10
Can you control the restless physical…being and at the same time hold fast to the Oneness of the Universe?
Can you so regulate your breathing that is becomes soft and effortless like a child's?
Can you sponge away the dust from the surface of the Mysterious Mirror; leaving nothing obscure?
Can you love the people and govern the country while remaining yourself unknown?
Can you; opening and shutting Nature's gates; remain passive; playing the woman's part?
Can you penetrate all quarters and understand all creatures; and yet not interfere?
Very well then: Quicken them; nourish them;
Give life to htem; but make no claim on them;
Govern them; but do not be dependent on them;
Be chief among them; but do not order them about。
This is to use the Mysterious Power。
11
Thirty converging spokes combine to form a wheel;
But it is the point of nothingness as the centre that determines the wheel's usefulness。
We fashion clay into a pot;
But it is the nothingness within the walls of clay that gives the vessel its usefulness。
We pierce the walls of a house to make the windows and doors;
And their usefulness consists in their being fitted round nothingness。
Thus we profit not only by what is; but by what is not。
12
The five colours; if unharmonized; confuse the eye;
The five tones; if uncoordinated; offend the ear;
The five tastes; if crudely blended; vitiate the palate。
Unrestraint in hunting and pursuing confounds the mind;
Eagerness in the acquisition of rare goods impedes right action。
That is why the Sage looks within and not without;
He disregards That and nurtures This。
13
〃Glory and disgrace are both related to fear;
Fortune and misfortune are both bound up with the body。〃
What is meant by the saying that glory and disgrace are both related to fear?
The on eis high; the other is low。
If you achieve glory; you fear to lose it。
If you are in disgrace; you fear the hsame of it。
Thus glory and disgrace both involve fear。
What is meant by the saying that fortune and misfortune are bound up with the body?
Fortune and misfortune come to us because we have a body。
If we had no body; how should fortune or misfortune befall us?
Therefore he who is willing to give to the world as much care as he gives to his own body is worthy to govern the
world。
He who gives to the world as much love as he gives to his own body; may be trusted with the ruling of the world。
14
That object upon which you gaze yet do not see is called the Invisible;
That sound to which you listen but do not hear is called the Inaudible;
That thing for which your hand gropes yet fails to touch is calledthe Intangible。
The scruting of these three imponderables cannot be carried further: the mind perceives them blend in One。
This Unity seen from above does not shine;
Nor; seen from below; is it dark。
It goes back through Time in an unbroken chain of countless links
Till it reaches Non…Existence。
It is the Formless Form; the Image of the Unimaginable。
It is the Incrutable。
Advance towards it; and it shows no front;
Follow it; and it shows no front;
Follow it; and it shows no back。
Yet by laying hold of this Ancient Truth you can master your present existence。
For to understand the mystery of the Beginning
Is to hold the key to the Tao。
15
The Wise Men of old were skilled in the Mysteries; their minds were subtle and penetrating; and so profound that
they were scarcely to be understood。
Trying to understand them; this is the picture I call up:
They were cautious; like those who cross a river in winter;
They were reserved; like those who are suspicious of their fellows;
Their behaviour was modest and seemly; like that of one paying a formal visit;
They were yielding; like ice responding to the heat of the sun;
They were simple; like a piece of wood before it is carves;
Yet they were open to receive; like a valley between hills。
Yet they seem to some of us obscure; like a muddy strwam。
How shall water become clear cave by keeping stil?
It is by the still and the motionless that life is quickened。
Those who follow the Tao do not crave replenishment;
Always satisfied but never surfeited; they are ever…renewed。
16
Seek to attain to absolute emptiness;
Maintain a state of perfect stillness。
See how all things come into being;
And see how they return!
They come to flower and fullness
And then go back to the roots whence they came。
To go home to the root is to achieve perfect stillness。
Thus; in attaining stillness; do they fulfil their destiny;
And thus; in turning back; they join the Never…changing。
To be aware of the Never…changing is to be enlightened。
Not to know the Never…changing is to stumble blindly into miseries。
He who knows the Never…changing embraces all;
Embracing all; shall he not accept all impartially?
To be impartial is an attribute of kingship;
And kingship is of Heaven。
He who is of Heaven can attain to the Tao。
He who is of the Tao endures forever;
And though his body decay; he never dies。
17
The greatest of kings rules; and his subjects are hardly aware of his existence。
The less great is loved and praised by his subjects。
The still less great is feared by his subjects。
The still less great is despised by his subjects。
For truly; where faith is not given; confidence is not inspired。
How guarded; and how sparing; is the greatest of kings in giving utterance to his precious words!
When his task is accomplished and all his undertakings crowned with success;
The people; scarcely aware that they are ruled at all;
Say: All this happens according to nature。
18
When the Great Tao is abandoned; then patronage; condescension and righteousness make their appearance;
When knowledge and learning appear; then hypocrites and pretenders make their appearance also;
I tis when closest blood relations are at strife with one noth that we have talk of dutiful children and devoted parents;
It is not until the country is racked with strife and disorder that they patriots spring up。
But in the Tao is balance;
And when the Tao is abandoned; what conflicts!
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Give up holiness; cast away cleverness;
And the people will be ahundredfold better off;
Give up duty to your neighbour; cast away morality;And the people will return to neighbourliness and family…
feeling1
Give up atsitic cleverness; cast away profit …making;
And there will be no more thieves and robbers。
But if in following thesethree precepts the people are not satisfied:
Take care that they are given things to hold on to …
Let them be shown Simplicity;
Let them hold fast to Purity。
Thus will self…seking diminish;
Thus will desirelessness be attained。
20
Give up accumulating knowledge; and you will free yourself from many cares。
After all;