04道德经英译本85种-第315节
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Those who boast of their accomplishments
diminish the things they have done。
Compared to the Tao； these actions are unworthy。
If we are to follow the Tao； we must not do these things。
25
Before the universe was born
there was something in the chaos of the heavens。
It stands alone and empty；
solitary and unchanging。
It is ever present and secure。
It may be regarded as the Mother of the universe。
Because I do not know its name；
I call it the Tao。
If forced to give it a name；
I would call it 'Great'。
Because it is Great means it is everywhere。
Being everywhere means it is eternal。
Being eternal means everything returns to it。
Tao is great。
Heaven is great。
Earth is great。
Humanity is great。
Within the universe； these are the four great things。
Humanity follows the earth。
Earth follows Heaven。
Heaven follows the Tao。
The Tao follows only itself。
26
Heaviness is the basis of lightness。
Stillness is the standard of activity。
Thus the Master travels all day
without ever leaving her wagon。
Even though she has much to see；
she is at peace in her indifference。
Why should the lord of a thousand chariots
be amused at the foolishness of the world？
If you abandon yourself to foolishness；
you lose touch with your beginnings。
If you let yourself become distracted；
you will lose the basis of your power。
27
A good traveler leaves no tracks；
and a skillful speaker is well rehearsed。
A good bookkeeper has an excellent memory；
and a well made door is easy to open and needs no locks。
A good knot needs no rope and it can not come undone。
Thus the Master is willing to help everyone；
and doesn't know the meaning of rejection。
She is there to help all of creation；
and doesn't abandon even the smallest creature。
This is called embracing the light。
What is a good person but a bad person's teacher？
What is a bad person but raw material for his teacher？
If you fail to honor your teacher or fail to enjoy your student；
you will become deluded no matter how smart you are。
It is the secret of prime importance。
28
Know the masculine；
but keep to the feminine：
and become a watershed to the world。
If you embrace the world；
the Tao will never leave you
and you become as a little child。
Know the white；
yet keep to the black：
be a model for the world。
If you are a model for the world；
the Tao inside you will strengthen
and you will return whole to your eternal beginning。
Know the honorable；
but do not shun the disgraced：
embracing the world as it is。
If you embrace the world with compassion；
then your virtue will return you to the Uncarved Block。
The block of wood is carved into utensils
by carving void into the wood。
The Master uses the utensils； yet prefers to keep to the block
because of its limitless possibilities。
Great works do not involve discarding substance。
29
Do you want to rule the world and control it？
I don't think it can ever be done。
The world is sacred vessel
and it can not be controlled。
You will only it make it worse if you try。
It may slip through your fingers and disappear。
Some are meant to lead；
and others are meant to follow；
Some must always strain；
and others have an easy time；
Some are naturally big and strong；
and others will always be small；
Some will be protected and nurtured；
and others will meet with destruction。
The Master accepts things as they are；
and out of compassion avoids extravagance；
excess and the extremes。
30
Those who lead people by following the Tao
don't use weapons to enforce their will。
Using force always leads to unseen troubles。
In the places where armies march；
thorns and briars bloom and grow。
After armies take to war；
bad years must always follow。
The skillful commander
strikes a decisive blow then stops。
When victory is won over the enemy through war
it is not a thing of great pride。
When the battle is over；
arrogance is the new enemy。
War can result when no other alternative is given；
so the one who overcomes an enemy should not dominate them。
The strong always weakened with time。
This is not the way of the Tao。
That which is not of the Tao will soon end。
31
Weapons are the bearers of bad news；
all people should detest them。
The wise man values the left side；
and in time of war he values the right。
Weapons are meant for destruction；
and thus are avoided by the wise。
Only as a last resort
will a wise person use a deadly weapon。
If peace is her true objective
how can she rejoice in the victory of war？
Those who rejoice in victory
delight in the slaughter of humanity。
Those who resort to violence
will never bring peace to the world。
The left side is a place of honor on happy occasions。
The right side is reserved for mourning at a funeral。
When the lieutenants take the left side to prepare for war；
the general should be on the right side；
because he knows the outcome will be death。
The death of many should be greeted with great sorrow；
and the victory celebration should honor those who have died。
32
The Tao is nameless and unchanging。
Although it appears insignificant；
nothing in the world can contain it。
If a ruler abides by its principles；
then her people will willingly follow。
Heaven would then reign on earth；
like sweet rain falling on paradise。
People would have no need for laws；
because the law would be written on their hearts。
Naming is a necessity for order；
but naming can not order all things。
Naming often makes things impersonal；
so we should know when naming should end。
Knowing when to stop naming；
you can avoid the pitfall it brings。
All things end in the Tao
just as the small streams and the largest rivers
flow through valleys to the sea。
33
Those who know others are intelligent；
those who know themselves are truly wise。
Those who master others are strong；
those who master themselves have true power。
Those who know they have enough are truly wealthy。
Those who persist will reach their goal。
Those who keep their course have a strong will。
Those who embrace death will not perish；
but have life everlasting。
34
The great Tao flows unobstructed in every direction。
All things rely on it to conceive and be born；
and it does not deny even the smallest of creation。
When it has accomplished great wonders；
it does not claim them for itself。
It nourishes infinite worlds；
yet it doesn't seek to master the smallest creature。
Since it is without wants and desires；
it can be considered humble。
All of creation seeks it for refuge
yet it does not seek to master or control。
Because it does not seek greatness；
it is able to accomplish truly great things。
35
She who follows the way of the Tao
will draw the world to her steps。
She can go without fear of being injured；
because she has found peace and tranquility in her heart。
Where there is music and good food；
people will stop to enjoy it。
But words spoken of the Tao
seem to them boring and stale。
When looked at； there is nothing for them to see。
When listen for； there is nothing for them to hear。
Yet if they put it to use； it would never be exhausted。
36
If you want something to return to the source；
you must first allow it to spread out。
If you want something to weaken；
you must first allow it to become strong。
If you want something to be removed；
you must first allow it to flourish。
If you want to possess something；
you must first give it away。
This is called the subtle understanding
of how things are meant to be。
The soft and pliable overcomes the hard and inflexible。
Just as fish remain hidden in deep waters；
it is best to keep weapons out of sight。
37
The Tao never acts with force；
yet there is nothing that it can not do。
If rulers could follow the way of the Tao；
then all of creation would willingly follow their example。
If selfish desires were to arise after their transformation；
I would erase them with the power of the Uncarved Block。
By the power of the Uncarved Block；
future generations would lose their selfish desires。
By losing their selfish desires；
the world would naturally settle into peace。
38
The highest good is not to seek to do good；
but to allow yourself to become it。
The ordinary person seeks to do good things；
and finds that they can not do them continually。
