04道德经英译本85种-第313节
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and if those who did wrong
would always be arrested and put to death；
who would do wrong？
There is always a Lord of Execution
whose duty it is to kill。
If you try to fill that function
it is like trying to hew wood
in place of a master carpenter。 You will probably injure your ownhands。
75
Why are the people starving？
Because their leaders eat up too much of the tax…grain；
that is why the people are starving。
Why are thc people difficult to govern？
Because their leaders interfere；
that is why the people are difficult to govern。
Why do the people treat death lightly。
Because their leaders are so grossly absorbed
in the pursuit of living；
that is why the people treat death lightly。
Indeed； it is wiser to ignore life altogether
than to place too high a value on it。
76
At birth you are supple and soft。
At death you are stiff and hard。
Grass and trees are pliant and tender when living；
but they are dry and brittle when dead。
Therefore； the stiff and hard are attendants of death；
the supple and soft are attendants of life。
Thus； the hard weapon will be broken。
The mighty tree will invite the axe。
Therefore； the hard and mighty belong below；
the yielding and gentle belong above。
77
The way of heaven is like the bending of a bow。
The high end is pulled down and the low end is raised up。
The excessive is dirninished
and the deficient is supplemented。
It is the way of heaven to take where there is too much
in order to give where there is not enough。
The way of people is otherwise。
They take where there is not enough
in order to increase where there is already too much。
Who will take from their own excesses
and give to all under heaven？
Only those who hold to the Tao。
Therefore； the True Person benefits yet expects no reward；
does the work and moves on。
There is no desire to be considered better than others。
78
Nothing under heaven is
softer or more yielding than water。
Yet it has no equal for attacking things
that are hard and stiff。
Nothing can withstand it。
Everyone knows that the yielding overcomes the stiff；
and the soft overcomes the hard。
Yet no one applies this knowledge。
Therefore； an Old One said：
Only a person who has accept；ed the country's dirt
is a leader worthy to offer sacrifice
at its shrines of earth and grain。
Only a person who takes llp the country's burdens
deserves to be a leader
among those who dwell under heaven。
Straightforward words seem crooked。
79
Even though a truce is made between great enemies；
some enmity is bound to remain。
How can this be beneficial？
Therefore； the True Person
undertakes the obligations of the agreerment
but makes no claim upon others。
The person who has Virtue shares with others。
The person who lacks Virtue takes fron others。
The way of heaven has no favorites；
it always remains with what is good。
80
In a small country with few people：
Though there are machines that would increase
production ten to a hundred miles
they are not used。
The people take death seriously and do not
travel about。
Though they have boats and carriages no one uses them。
Though they have armor and weapons；
there is no occasion to display them。
The people give up writing
and return to the knotting of cords。
They are satisfied with their food。
They are pleased with their clothes。
They are content with their homes。
They are happy in their simple ways。
Even though they live within sight of another country
and can hear dogs barking and cocks crowing in it；
still the people grow old and die
without ever coming into conflict。
81
Sincere words are not elegant；
elegant words are not sincere。
The good person does not argue；
the person who argues is not good。
The wise do not have great learning；
those with great learning are not wise。
True Persons do not hoard。
Using all they have for others； they still have more。
Giving all they have to others； they are richer than before。
The way of heaven is to benefit and not to harm。
The way of the True Reason is to assist without striving
in the unfolding of the story of the earth。
English_McDonald_TTK
Das Tao Te King von Lao Tse
Chinese … English by
John H。 McDonald
1
The tao that can be described
is not the eternal Tao。
The name that can be spoken
is not the eternal Name。
The nameless is the boundary of Heaven and Earth。
The named is the mother of creation。
Freed from desire； you can see the hidden mystery。
By having desire； you can only see what is visibly real。
Yet mystery and reality
emerge from the same source。
This source is called darkness。
Darkness born from darkness。
The beginning of all understanding。
2
When people see things as beautiful；
ugliness is created。
When people see things as good；
evil is created。
Being and non…being produce each other。
Difficult and easy complement each other。
Long and short define each other。
High and low oppose each other。
Fore and aft follow each other。
Therefore the Master
can act without doing anything
and teach without saying a word。
Things come her way and she does not stop them；
things leave and she lets them go。
She has without possessing；
and acts without any expectations。
When her work is done； she takes no credit。
That is why it will last forever。
3
If you over esteem talented individuals；
people will become overly competitive。
If you overvalue possessions；
people will begin to steal。
Do not display your treasures
or people will become envious。
The Master leads by
emptying people's minds；
filling their bellies；
weakening their ambitions；
and making them become strong。
Preferring simplicity and freedom from desires；
avoiding the pitfalls of knowledge and wrong action。
For those who practice not…doing；
everything will fall into place。
4
The Tao is like an empty container：
it can never be emptied and can never be filled。
Infinitely deep； it is the source of all things。
It dulls the sharp； unties the knotted；
shades the lighted； and unites all of creation with dust。
It is hidden but always present。
I don't know who gave birth to it。
It is older than the concept of God。
5
Heaven and Earth are impartial；
they treat all of creation as straw dogs。
The Master doesn't take sides；
she treats everyone like a straw dog。
The space between Heaven and Earth is like a bellows；
it is empty； yet has not lost its power。
The more it is used； the more it produces；
the more you talk of it； the less you comprehend。
It is better not to speak of things you do not understand。
6
The spirit of emptiness is immortal。
It is called the Great Mother
because it gives birth to Heaven and Earth。
It is like a vapor；
barely seen but always present。
Use it effortlessly。
7
The Tao of Heaven is eternal；
and the earth is long enduring。
Why are they long enduring？
They do not live for themselves；
thus they are present for all beings。
The Master puts herself last；
And finds herself in the place of authority。
She detaches herself from all things；
Therefore she is united with all things。
She gives no thought to self。
She is perfectly fulfilled。
8
The supreme good is like water；
which benefits all of creation
without trying to compete with it。
It gathers in unpopular places。
Thus it is like the Tao。
The location makes the dwelling good。
Depth of understanding makes the mind good。
A kind heart makes the giving good。
Integrity makes the government good。
Accomplishment makes your labors good。
Proper timing makes a decision good。
Only when there is no competition
will we all live in peace。
9
It is easier to carry and empty cup
than one that is filled to the brim。
The sharper the knife
the easier it is to dull。
The more wealth you possess
the harder it is to protect。
Pride brings its own trouble。
When you have accomplished your goal
simply walk away。
This is the pathway to Heaven。
10
Nurture the darkness of your soul
until you become whole。
Can you do this and not fail？
Can you focus your life…breath until you become
supple as a newborn child？
While you cleanse your inner vision
will you be found without fault？
Can you love people and lead them
without forcing your will on them？
When Heav
