04道德经英译本85种-第311节
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45
Great accomplishment seems incomplete；
yet its use is not impaired。
Great filllness seems empty；
yet it will never be drained。
Great straightness looks crooked。
Great skill appears clumsy。
Great eloquence sounds like stammering。
Movement overcomes cold；
stillness overcomes heat。
The calm and quiet set right
everything under heaven。
46
When the Tao prevails in the world
swift horses are used to fertilize the fields。
When the Tao is unheeded
war horses are bred on the border lands。
There is no greater offense than harboring desires。
There is no greater disaster than discontent。
There is no greater misfortune than wanting more。
Hence； if you are content
You will always have enough。
47
Without going outside
you can know the ways of the world。
Without looking through the window
you can see the way of heaven。
The farther you go
the less you know。
Therefore； the Trne Person
arrives without traveling；
perceives without looking；
and acts without striving。
48
In the pursuit of learning；
every day something isadded。
In the pursuit of the Tao；
every day something is dropped。
Less and less is done
until you come to action with striving。
When you follow this practice；
nothing remains undone。
All under heaven is won by
letting things take their cuurse。
Nothing can be gained by interfering。
49
The True Person does not have an individual heart
but uses the heart of the people。
I am kind to those who are kind。
I am also kind to those who are not kind。
Thus； there is an increase in kindness。
I keep faith with those who are in good faith。
I also keep faith with those WhO lack good faith。
Thus； there is an increase of good faith。
The True Person is detached and humble
and to the world appears confusing。
The people all strain their eyes and ears； yet the True Person remainschildlike。
50
When going off one way means living
and going off the other way means dying；
three in ten are companions of Life；
three in ten are companions of Death； and
three in ten value Life but drift toward Death。
Why is all this so？
Because； these people are too greedy about living。
It is said：
People who are skillful in caring
for the life that has been given to them
travel abroad without fear of wild ox or tiger；
and enter a battle without concern for sharp weapons。
There is no place for the wild ox to thrust its horns；
there is no place for the tiger to put its claws；
there is no place for a weapon to lodge。
How is this so？
Because； there is no place for Death to enter in！
51
The Tao gives life to all things；
and its Virtue nourishes them；
forms each according to its nature
and gives to each its inner strengrth。
Therefore； the ten thousand things all venerate the Tao
and honor its Virtue。
It has never bccn decreed that the Tao be venerated
and its Virtue be honored；
they have always been so treated spontaneously。
Thus； the Tao gives life to all things；
and its Virtue raises them； nourishes them；
brings them to their full growth；
feeds； shelters； and protects them。
Giving life without claiming authority；
benefiting without demanding gratitude；
guiding without control。
This is called hidden Virtue。
52
All things under heaven had a common beginning；
and that beginning could be considered
the Mother of all things。
When you know the Mother
you will also know the children。
Know the children； yet hold fast to the Mother；
and to the end of your days
you will be free from danger。
Block the passages！
Shut the doors！
And； to the end of your days
your strength will not fail you。
Open the passages！
Increase your activities！
And； to the end of your days
you will be beyond help。
See the small and develop clear vision。
Practice yielding and develop strength。
Use the outer light to return to the inner light；
and save yourself from harm。
This is known as following the Always…so。
53
If I have even little sense；
I will walk upon the great path of Tao
and only fear straying from it。
This Great Way is straight and smooth
yet people often prefer the side roads。
The courtyard is well kept
but the fields are full of weeds；
and the granaries stand empty。
Still； there are those of us
who wear elegant clothes； carry sharp swords；
pamper ourselvcs with food and drink
and have more possessions than we can use。
These are the actions of robbers。
This is certainly far from the Tao。
54
What is well rooted cannot be pulled up。
What is firmly grasped will not slip loose。
It will be honored from generatlon to generation。
When cultivated in your person； Virtue will be real。
When cultivated in your household； Virtue will be plentiful。
When cultivated in your village； Virtue will endure。
When cultivated in your country； Virtue will abound。
When cultivated in your world； Virtue will be universal。
Hence； through yourself look at Self。
Through your household look at Household。
Through your community look at Community。
Through yonr country look at Country。
Through your world look at World。
How do I know that the world is like this？
Because of what is within me。
55
A person who is filled with Virtue
is like a newborn child。
Poisonons insects will not sting；
wild animals will not pounce；
birds of prey will not swoop down。
Although bones are soft and sinews weak；
a child's grip is firm。
The union of man and woman is not known；
yet there is completeness；
because a child's vital force is at its height。
Crying all day will not produce hoarseness；
because there is perfect harmony。
To know harmony is to know the Always…so。
To know the Always…so is to be awakened。
Trying to fill life to the brim invites a curse。
For the mind to Inake demands upon the breath of life
brings strain。
Whatever has been forced to a peak of vigor
approaches its decay。
This is not the way of Tao。
And that which goes against the Tao
will quickly pass away。
56
Those who know do not speak。
Those who speak do not know。
Block the passages！
Shut the doors！
Blunt the sharpness！
Untangle the knots！
Soften the glare！
Settle with the dust！
This is the Mystery of Evenness。
Those who have achieved this cannot be enclosed
nor kept at a distance；
they cannot be bene fited nor harmed；
honored nor disgraced。
Therefore； this is the noblest state under heaven。
57
Govern the country by being straightforward。
Wage war by being crafty。
Win all under heaven by not meddling。
How do I know that this is so？
By what is within me。
The more restrictions there are；
the poorer are the people。
The more pointed the people's weapons；
the more disorder there is in the country。
The more ingenious and clever the people；
the more strange the contrivances that appear。
The more laws and edicts that are posted；
the more thieves and robbers that arise。
Hence an Old One has said：
I act without striving and the
people transform themselvey。
I love stillness and the
people straighten themselves。
I do not meddle and the
people prosper by themselves。
I am free from desires and the
people themselves return to the simplicily
of the Uncarved Block。
58
When the government is unseen
the people are simple and happy。
When the government is lively
the people are cunning and discontented。
On misery perches happiness。
Beneath happiness crouches misery。
Who knows when this will cease？
The straight changes into the crooked。
The good becomes the ominous。
Surely the people
have been confused for a long time。
Therefore； the True Person squares without cutting；
carves without hacking；
straightens without dislocating；
gives forth light without blinding。
59
For governing others and serving heaven
there is nothing better than moderation。
A person who is moderate returns to the path。
Returning to the path brings an abundance of Virtue。
This good store of Virtue cannot be conquered。
Virtue that cannot be conquered knows no limit。
Only a person who has lirnitiess Virtue is fit to lead。
Only the leader who possesses the Mother of the country
will long endure。
This is called making the roots go deep
by restraining the trunk。
Learn to focus your life and you will see many days。
60
Governing a big country is like cooking a s
