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第300节

04道德经英译本85种-第300节

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  19

  On Real Education

  Do away with learning; the same with wisdom; the people will gain a hundredfold。 Do away with 攈umanity?and the same with攋ustice? the people will rediscover love and duty。 Do away with expensive arts; the same with profits; there will be no thieves; no robbers。 These three things involve the external world; they are therefore of no real value。

  *

  The people need what is more dependable。 Reveal; then; your natural; inner self。 Realize your original nature; control selfishness; subdue desires。 
  * The first paragraph of chapter 20 was put here by the author。
  20

  Do away with formal learning and you will not be annoyed by its multitude of details。 How much difference between yea and nay? How much difference between good and evil? It is true that what man fear you must also fear; but how very remote the actual occurence。*

  The great mass of people are content as if at the sacrificial feast or at the spring carnival。 I alone am serene; quiet; passive; like a newborn babe unable yet to smile。

  I am alone; like one who is homeless。

  Others seem to have abundance while I seem to live in contemplation。 Perhaps I am the fool; so obscure; so vague。 The masses seem bright and informed; I alone seem dull and uninformed。 The masses are clever and smug; I alone am simple and unassuming。 Alone; as if adrift on the lonely sea。

  And others seem to have useful purpose; I alone seem impractical and awkward。 I am alone; different。 I choose to be sustained by nature。 
  * The first paragraph of this chapter was put to the with * marked place in chapter 19。
  21

  The Teh follows Tao。

  Tao is like a dream: invisible; intangible; obscure。 It is invisible yet there is form to it。 It is intangible yet there is a feel to it。 It is obscure yet there is method to it。 The method is true and so there are signs of it。

  From ancient times until now the signs have never ceased by which we can see the beginning。 How can I know the nature of the beginning? By these signs!

  22

  Be humble; you will remain yourself。 Be flexible; bend; and you will be straight。 Be ever receptiveand you will be satisfied。 Become tired and weary and you will be renewed。 Have little; you will have enough; to have abundance is to be troubled。

  Thus; the truly wise seek Unity; they embrace oneness; and become examples for all the world。 Not revealing themselves; they shine; not self…righteous; they are distinguished; not self…centered; they are famous; not seeking glory; they are leaders。

  Because they are not quarrelsome no one quarrels with them。

  Thus it is as the ancients said: 擳o yield is to retain Unity。?The truly wise have Unity; and the world respects them。

  23

  Nature is sparing in its talk。 Unusually high winds seldom last the whole morning; unusually heavy rains seldom last the whole day。 And where do these things originate? Within nature。 And if nature so spares its talk; how much more; then; should you?

  Whoever follows Tao becomes as Tao。 Whoever follows Teh becomes as Teh。 Whoever abandons Tao or Teh will be abandoned by Tao and Teh。

  Whoever seeks Tao is welcomed to Tao。 Whoever seeks Teh is welcomed to Teh。 Whoever seeks abandonment is welcomed by abandonment。

  24

  Whoever stands on tiptoe is unsteady; whoever walks with long strides cannot long keep up the pace; whoever makes a show of himself cannot shine; whoever is self?righteous cannot gain the respect of the people; whoever is self?centered cannot become loved by others; whoever seeks glory cannot become a true leader。

  According to the Tao these attitudes are exessive; unnecessary。 Even in earthly matters they are to be avoided。 Therefore the follower of Tao avoids them。

  25

  There is something mysterious; without beginning; without end; that existed before the heavens and earth。 Unmoving; infinite; standing alone; never changing。 It is everywhere and it is inexhaustible。 It is the mother of all。

  I do not know its name。 If I must name it I call it Tao and I hail it as supreme。

  Supreme means never?ending; never?ending means far…reaching; and far…reaching means returning。 Thus Tao is supreme; the heavens are supreme; earth is supreme; and man is supreme。 There are four supremes in the universe; man is one of them。

  Man is subject to the laws of the earth; the earth is subject to the laws of the universe; the universe is subject to the laws of Tao; and Tao is subject to the laws of its own Nature。

  26

  Heaviness (sincerity) is the root of lightness (frivolity)。 And serenity far surpasses hastiness。

  The truly wise can travel all day yet never put down their baggage。 Though there be appealing distractions they remain serene; passive; undisturbed。

  How can a leader of ten thousand chariots make his role obscure; insignificant?

  To be light is to lose the root of lightness; to be hasty is to lose self…mastery。

  27

  A good traveler has no need to leave tracks; a good speaker leaves no grounds for rebuttal; a good trader needs no scales; no computer; a good door needs no latch to remain shut; a good fastener needs no rope to perfect its bond。

  The truly wise are helpful to people。 No one is rejected。 The truly wise are helpful to everything。 Nothing is rejected。 They are a friend to the friendless; a hope to the hopeless。 This is double enlightenment。

  Therefore the good teach the bad; the bad are lessons for the good。 Whoever dislikes such a teacher; who dislikes such a lesson; may appear learned but is misguided。 This is the subtlety of true wisdom。

  28

  He who knows the mystic male (Yang) yet retains the mystic female (Yin) is as a great canyon welcoming the whole world。 He has Teh and is innocent as a child。

  Whoever is aware of the white (Yang) yet retains the black (Yin) is as a standard for all the world。 He has Teh and has returned to the Absolute。 Whoever is aware of fame and glory yet retains humility and obscurity is as a valley that can hold the earth。 He has Teh and has returned to Unity。

  Divide the Unity; the parts become as tools。 In the hands of the truly wise they become the means to an end; but never ends in themselves。

  29

  Those who seek to conquer the world and shape it as they see fit never succeed。 The world is a sacred vessel and cannot be improved。 Whoever tries to alter it; spoils it; whoever tries to direct it; misleads it。 So; some things advance; others lag; some proceed in silence; others make sound; some are strong; others weak; some are forward; others retiring。 Therefore the truly wise avoid extremes; extravagance; and foolish pride。

  30

  Tao in War

  Whoever advises a ruler according to Tao opposes conquest by war。 Policies of war tend to rebound。 Where the armies march; brambles grow。 Whenever a great army is formed; hunger and evil follow。 So; a wise general achieves his goal and stops; he does not battle beyond victory; he wins; but does not boast of it; he wins; but does not celebrate it; he wins; but does not revel in the spoils; he wins; for it is his duty to win; he wins; but not from love of violence。 Things reach their peak; then decline。 Violence opposes Tao。 Whoever opposes Tao dies early。

  31

  War Is Evil

  Weapons are tools of destruction avoided by followers of Tao。 The citizen favors the creative in time of peace; the citizen favors the destructive in time of war。

  Weapons are the tools of destruction not used by people of dignity; but when their use cannot be avoided; the best policy is calm restaint。

  There is no beauty in victory。 Whoever calls it so delights in slaughter。 Whoever delights in slaughter is not fit to rule。

  32

  Tao is absolute; nameless。 A piece of wood; uncarved; natural; cannot be used by anyone。 The leaders who can be as genuine and natural as this gain the respect of the people。

  The heavens and the earth join and gentle rains fall; beyond anyone抯 command; to everyone equally。

  When civilization grew; names began。 With names; one should know where to stop。 Whoever knows this has security。

  In the world Tao is like rain that falls into the rivers and thence to the open sea。

  33

  One who knows others is wise; one who knows himself is wisest。 One who conquers others is strong; one who conquers himself is strongest。

  To be content is to be wealthy; to be dedicated is to be strong; to be genuine is to endure; to die and be remembered is to have immortality。

  34

  The great Tao is everywhere; on all sides。 Everything derives from it; nothing is rejected by it。

  Through Tao everything exists yet it does not take possession。 It provides for erverything yet it does not lay claim。

  Without motive it seems small。 Being the source of everything it is great。 Because it never claims greatness; its greatness shines brightly。

  35

  The world will follow; without fear of evil; serene; peaceful; secure; one who follows the great symbol of Yin…Yang。

  Music and good food will stop the passing stranger; but Tao; offered by the spoken word; seem

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